The Effect of Cordyceps Militaris Polysaccharides on the Antioxidant Function in Mice Injected With Cyclophosphamide

To investigate the antioxidant effects of the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides(CMP),90 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups, three experimental groups (CMP groups), model control group (CY group), blank control group (BC group) and positive control group (PC group). The mice in CMP and CY groups were given cyclophosphamide at 80 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection for 3 d. Then the CMP groups were administrated 17.5, 35.0 and 70.0 mg/(kg·BW) CMP via gavage, respectively, BC and CY groups were given physiological saline, and PC group was orally administered 70 mg/(kg·BW) CMP, lasting 18 d. At 24 h after the last administration, heart, liver and kidney were collected to measure the levels of MAD, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC in the homogenate.SOD and TAOC activity of three CMP groups increased significantly (P<0.01), and the level of MDA decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared with CY group. As for CAT activity of heart, the value in low-dose CMP group had no significant change (P>0.05), while in middle and high-dose groups had significant (P<0.05) and extremely significant(P<0.01) increase respectively. Except that the hepatic GSH-Px activity increased significantly (P<0.05) in low-dose CMP group, the rest values of GSH-Px activities in all CMP groups increased extremely significantly (P<0.01). The results indicated that CMP could effectively improve the antioxidant function of mice and had the potential to be a good resource of new antioxidant drugs.     

环磷酰胺诱导黄羽肉鸡免疫抑制的研究

180只墟岗黄雏鸡随机分为4组，第1组为对照组，第2至4组为处理组，10日龄开始。对照组胸肌注射0．5mL的生理盐水，第2至4组分别按40、80和160mg／kg的剂量，同部位注射用生理盐水稀释的环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CY)0．5mL；1次／d，连续注射3d．21、35、56日龄时每组随机抽取10只鸡进行屠宰取样；测定各组鸡的器官指数。另取3只鸡，测定脾脏淋巴细胞增殖转化和脾脏抗体形成细胞的数量。试验结果表明：一定剂量的环磷酰胺能显著降低墟岗黄鸡早期的体质量，且效果与注射剂量呈依赖关系；降低鸡早期脾脏指数和法氏囊指数；显著减少由ConA诱导的脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖转化；减少鸡早期脾脏抗体形成细胞的数量。     

鸡血藤总黄酮对环磷酰胺所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究鸡血藤总黄酮对环磷酰胺所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法 将60只昆明系小鼠随机分为6组,每组10只,试验周期为7 d。对照组小鼠试验全程给予生理盐水。环磷酰胺（CTX）组小鼠1~4 d灌胃给予生理盐水;5~7 d腹腔注射80 mg/（kg·BW）CTX,每天给药1次。鸡血藤总黄酮（TFSD）100组、CTX+TFSD25组、CTX+TFSD50组、CTX+TFSD100组小鼠1~7 d分别灌胃给予100、25、50、100 mg/（kg·BW）TFSD,每天给药1次;试验5~7 d除TFSD100组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水外,其余试验组腹腔注射80 mg/（kg·BW）CTX,每天给药1次。试验结束后对各组小鼠进行眼球采血及剖检;检测肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力,测定血清中谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活力,检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）和白介素-1β（IL-1β）含量。结果 环磷酰胺可显著（P<0.05）降低小鼠肝脏中SOD、GSH-Px以及血清中ALT活力,显著（P<0.05）升高肝脏中XOD与MPO活力、血清中ALP活力以及炎症细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6释放水平。25、50、100 mg/（kg·BW）的TFSD处理均可显著（P<0.05）抑制由CTX引起的SOD活力降低,25 mg/（kg·BW）的TFSD处理可显著（P<0.05）提高CTX处理小鼠的GSH-Px活力;50 mg/（kg·BW）的TFSD处理可显著（P<0.05）抑制由CTX引起的XOD和MPO活力升高,且可显著（P<0.05）降低CTX处理小鼠血清中的AST活力;25、50、100 mg/（kg·BW）的TFSD处理可显著（P<0.05）抑制由CTX引起的血清中ALP活力升高,同时降低ALT活力。25、50、100 mg/（kg·BW）的TFSD处理均可显著（P<0.05）抑制由CTX引起的IL-1β水平升高。结论 鸡血藤总黄酮可通过调节小鼠炎症因子释放以及肝组织中氧化还原酶水平对环磷酰胺所致肝损伤提供保护,推荐剂量为25 mg/（kg·BW）。     

免疫抑制剂环磷酰胺对肉仔鸡生产性能及其内分泌的影响

本研究观察了免疫抑制剂环磷酰胺对肉仔鸡生产性能及其内分泌的影响,旨在探讨免疫抑制状态下肉仔鸡营养代谢的变化特点。120只20 d体重相近的健康AA雄性肉仔鸡随机分为2组：生理盐水组和环磷酰胺组,分别一次性腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水和环磷酰胺（10 mg/kg BW）。每日记录采食量和收集全部粪样,分组后第1、3、5、8、13天随机从每组取4只鸡,称重、心脏无菌采血后处死,迅速摘取脾脏、法式囊及左侧胸腺,剔除脂肪后称重,然后立即置于液氮保存。实验室进行饲料表观代谢能、粗脂肪和粗蛋白表观消化率、T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力、血清糖皮质激素（GC）、胰岛素（insulin）和甲状腺激素（T3和T4）水平及脾脏、法式囊和胸腺中IL-1βI、L-2和IFN-γmRNA含量的测定。结果：处理后第1天环磷酰胺组,（1）肉仔鸡法式囊指数、B细胞增殖能力、法氏囊中IL-1βmRNA和脾脏、法式囊中IFN-γ mRNA的含量显著降低（P〈0.05）。（2）肉仔鸡体重显著增加（P〈0.05）,肉仔鸡采食量、粗脂肪和粗蛋白表观消化率显著降低（P〈0.05）。（3）血清GC水平极显著降低（P〈0.01）,血清insulin水平显著升高（P〈0.05）。（4）除处理后第3天环磷酰胺组体重仍显著升高（P〈0.05）外,其它时间各项指标都没有显著变化（P〉0.05）。这些结果表明,环磷酰胺诱发了肉仔鸡的免疫抑制,在这种免疫抑制状态下肉仔鸡生产性能得到了提高,糖皮质激素分泌降低而胰岛素分泌升高。     

抗菌肽Sublancin与黄芪多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能调节作用的比较分析

旨在比较研究抗菌肽sublancin与黄芪多糖对环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CTX)诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能的调节作用。试验选取60只4～6周龄健康雌性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为6个处理组。正常对照组:第1—3天,腹腔注射生理盐水;第4—10天,灌胃生理盐水。其余五个处理组:第1—3天,腹腔注射CTX(80mg·kg-1);第4—10天,阴性对照组:灌胃生理盐水;低浓度抗菌肽组:灌胃4.0mg·kg-1抗菌肽sublancin;高浓度抗菌肽组:灌胃8.0mg·kg-1抗菌肽sublancin;黄芪多糖组:灌胃200.0mg·kg-1黄芪多糖;阳性对照组:灌胃10.0mg·kg-1左旋咪唑。所有处理均为每天一次,每次0.2mL。于试验第1天小鼠腹腔注射CTX前、第4天灌胃前和第11天对小鼠进行称重。第11天称重结束后,采集全部小鼠的外周血及脾,检测外周血生理生化指标、CD4+与CD8+数量和脾细胞的细胞因子mRNA表达等指标。结果表明,与正常对照组相比,阴性对照组中小鼠体重、外周血的红细胞、血红蛋白和白细胞含量显著降低(P<0.05),脾IL-2、IL-4和IL-6的基因表达显著降低(P<0.05)。灌胃后,与阴性对照组相比,黄芪多糖组和高浓度sublancin组体重无差异但有升高趋势,说明高浓度sublancin与黄芪多糖对小鼠体重有积极影响;低、高浓度sublancin、黄芪多糖组和阳性对照组中小鼠外周血的白细胞含量显著升高(P<0.05);高剂量sublancin组中小鼠外周血的红细胞和血红蛋白显著升高;低、高浓度sublancin和黄芪多糖组中小鼠外周血的CD4+显著升高(P<0.05);低、高浓度sublancin、黄芪多糖组和阳性对照组中小鼠外周血的CD8+显著降低(P<0.05);低、高浓度sublancin组中小鼠外周血的CD4+/CD8+细胞显著升高(P<0.05);低、高浓度sublan-cin、黄芪多糖组和阳性对照组中小鼠脾IL-4的表达均显著升高(P<0.05);高浓度sublancin、黄芪多糖组和阳性对照组中小鼠脾IL-2、IL-6的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。综合上述结果,适宜剂量的抗菌肽sublancin和黄芪多糖均可缓解环磷酰胺造成的免疫抑制。与200.0mg·kg-1黄芪多糖相比,8.0mg·kg-1抗菌肽sublancin对缓解环磷酰胺免疫抑制造成的细胞因子降低的效果更好。     

紫锥菊多糖与硫酸化紫锥菊多糖颉颃环磷酰胺对雏鸡免疫抑制作用的研究

试验旨在研究紫锥菊多糖（EPP）与硫酸化紫锥菊多糖（SEPP）对雏鸡免疫抑制状态的调节作用,将320羽14日龄健康岭南黄公鸡随机均分成空白组（NC）、环磷酰胺组（CY）及CY+EPP高、中、低3个剂量组（EPPH、EPPM和EPPL组）和CY+SEPP高、中、低3个剂量组（SEPPH、SEPPM和SEPPL组）,除NC组注射生理盐水外,其余7组连续3 d肌内注射80 mg/（kg·d）CY进行造模,造模后EPPH、EPPM和EPPL组连续7 d分别给予10、5、2.5 mg/（kg·d）EPP,SEPPH、SEPPM和SEPPL组连续7 d分别给予10、5、2.5 mg/（kg·d）SEPP。在首次给药后第7、14、21和28天测定鸡群的体重,肝脏、脾脏、肾脏的脏器指数,外周血淋巴细胞转化作用,血液生化指标,细胞因子和抗氧化因子指标。结果表明,SEPP和EPP均能显著提高CY诱导免疫抑制鸡体重、肝脏指数、脾脏指数和肾脏指数（P<0.05）,提高外周血淋巴细胞转化作用,降低葡萄糖（GLU）、尿素（UREA）浓度和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性,升高谷草转氨酶（AST）、白蛋白（ALB）浓度,且能显著提高白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、IL-6浓度（P<0.05）,SEPP效果优于EPP。说明雏鸡口服一定剂量的EPP和SEPP对CY引起的细胞免疫和体液免疫抑制具有一定的颉颃作用,其中在各采样时间点SEPP对鸡外周血淋巴细胞转化效果优于EPP,给药21和28 d SEPP对鸡外周血细胞因子IL-2的分泌效果优于EPP。     

Treatment of canine mast cell tumours with vinblastine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone: 35 cases (1997–2004)

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of a combined protocol of vinblastine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone (VCP) in 35 dogs with mast cell tumours (MCTs). Eleven dogs had measurable disease (group 1) and 24 dogs had incompletely excised MCT or were at high risk for metastasis (group 2). Five patients in group 1 achieved complete response, two partial responses, two stable diseases and two progressive diseases. The median progression‐free survival time (PFST) for group 1 and 2 dogs was 74 and 865 days, respectively. The median overall survival time (OST) for group 1 and 2 dogs was 145 and >2092 days, respectively. Significant negative multivariate prognostic factors included macroscopic disease and reduced vinblastine (VBL) treatments for PFST, and presence of MCT in bone marrow analysis, Patnaik grade III MCT and reduced VBL treatments for OST. Toxicity was infrequent and self‐limiting. This study suggests that the VCP protocol should be considered as an option in the treatment of MCT in dogs.     

生血增白汤对环磷酰胺致血虚小鼠RBC、Hb、WBC、Plt含量的影响

目的 研究生血增白汤对环磷酰胺（CTX）致血虚小鼠RBC、Hb、WBC、Plt含量的影响,旨在探讨生血增白汤对化学性损伤血虚症的补血作用。方法 取ICR小鼠60只,随机分为6组,即正常对照组（A组）,模型对照组（B组）,阳性药四物合剂组（C组）,生血增白汤低、中、高剂量组（D1、D2、D3组）,每组10只,连续给药8 d。除A组外,其他组小鼠每日均于给药后4 h注射环磷酰胺100 mg/kg,第8天给药后测全血红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、白细胞（WBC）、血小板（Plt）值,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果 B组小鼠RBC、Hb、WBC、Plt含量较A组显著降低（P<0.01）。与B组比较,D3组能使血虚证小鼠Hb升高（P<0.05）;D1、D2、D3组及C组能使血虚证小鼠WBC升高（P<0.01）;D3组及C组能升高小鼠Plt（P<0.05）。结论 生血增白汤对CTX致化学性损伤造成的血虚证模型小鼠具有补血作用。     

发酵中草药对免疫功能低下小鼠的保护作用研究

试验旨在研究发酵中草药对环磷酰胺(CTX)致免疫低下小鼠的保护作用。将20±2 g昆明小鼠100只随机分为5组,每组20只,雌雄各两个重复,每个重复5只,各重复小白鼠分笼饲喂基础饲粮。正常组和模型组自来水灌胃,发酵中草药组中草药水溶液灌胃,灌胃浓度分别为100、200和400 mg·kg-1,灌胃剂量0.1 mL·10 g-1体重,1次·d-1,连续20 d。在灌胃的第5天开始,除正常组外,模型组和发酵中草药组均腹腔注射CTX 40 mg·kg-1,1次·d-1,连续5 d。检测各组老鼠免疫器官指数、血清生化指标及碳粒廓清法检测单核-吞噬细胞吞噬功能。结果表明,与模型组相比,发酵中草药高、中、低剂量(400、200和100 mg·kg-1)均能够极显著提高免疫功能低下小鼠的胸腺指数(P0.01),显著增加其脾脏指数和单核吞噬细胞的廓清指数和吞噬指数(P0.05),同时显著降低血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和尿素氮(BUN)含量(P0.05)。表明发酵中草药对CTX致免疫功能低下小鼠具有保护作用。     

Effect of Pseudostellaria Polysaccharides on SIgA,IL-2 and IL-6 Contents of Intestinal Mucosal Injured Mice Caused by Cyclophosphamide

Effects of Pseudostellaria polysaccharides on the contents of intestinal mucosal SIgA, IL-2 and IL-6 in mice were reported in this paper.36 Kunming male mice with 18 to 22 g were randomly divided into six groups, blank control group, Pseudostellaria polysaccharides control group, cyclophosphamide (CY) model group, and Pseudostellaria polysaccharides low, middle, high dose groups.Each mouse in Pseudostellaria polysaccharides control group and Pseudostellaria polysaccharides low, middle, high dose groups was respectively treated with polysaccharides at the dose of 400, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight by intragastrical treatment for 19 continuous days, CY was given to each mouse in CY model group and Pseudostellaria polysaccharides low, middle, high dose groups by intraperitoneal injection with 100 mg/kg body weight in the 20th day, duodenum and ileum samples were collected from mice after 24 h, and SIgA, IL-2 and IL-6 contents were determined.The results showed that SIgA contents in duodenum were significantly increased (P<0.05) in Pseudostellaria polysaccharides middle and high dose groups compared to CY model group, SIgA contents in ileum were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01) in Pseudostellaria polysaccharides high dose group compared to CY model group.IL-2 contents in duodenum and ileum were significantly increased (P<0.05), IL-6 contents in duodenum were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), IL-6 contents in ileum were significantly increased (P<0.05) in Pseudostellaria polysaccharides high dose group compared to CY model group.It was concluded that Pseudostellaria polysaccharide could antagonize intestinal mucosal injury caused by CY.