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41.
【目的】了解硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂(干乳期)对健康奶牛的正常体温、日产奶量、奶中体细胞数和乳房内菌群的影响。【方法】选用初产和经产健康泌乳期奶牛各6头,所选奶牛在试验前30日内未全身性或乳房内给予任何抗生素,奶牛正常饲养管理,日粮和饮水中不含有任何抗菌药物。给药前1和0日统计记录各试验奶牛的直肠温度、日产奶量(早、中、晚3次产奶量的加和)、检测每个乳区采集奶样的体细胞数,并对给药前0日的奶样进行病原菌分离鉴定。4个乳区分别单次给予硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂(干乳期)。给药后的第1、3、5、7、10天分别统计记录每头奶牛的日产奶量,给药后的第12 h、3、5、7、10天分别采集奶样进行体细胞检测,同时检查直肠温度;给药后的第10天,采集奶样进行病原菌分离鉴定。比较奶牛用药前后直肠温度、日产奶量、牛奶体细胞数和奶中病原菌的变化。整个试验期间连续观察给药奶牛是否出现红、肿、热、痛等临床症状。【结果】给药前1天、0天和最后一次给药后的第1、3、5、7、10天,试验奶牛的日产奶量平均值分别为28.8、27.7、28.1、28.7、28.8、29.2和29.6 kg,卡方检验显示无显著性差异(P0.05);各时间点采集的奶中体细胞数大都维持在30—50万个/m L之间;各时间点测得的奶牛直肠温度平均值分别为38.3、38.4、38.3、38.3、38.3、38.2和38.3℃,无显著性差异(P0.05);病原菌检测结果显示,在给药前0日采集的奶样中,分离到大肠杆菌8株、链球菌5株和葡萄球菌7株,给药后第10天采集的奶样中大肠杆菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌各分离到1株,明显减少,且没有增加新的病原菌。【结论】硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂(干乳期)对奶牛正常体温、产奶量和奶中体细胞数等没有不良影响,该制剂用于奶牛是安全的。 相似文献
42.
LI Ya-fei WANG Lin GU Xiao-yan ZENG Zhen-ling HE Li-min YANG Fan YUAN Bo SHU Jian-hua DING Huan-zhong 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(12):2750-2757
The purpose of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in plasma and milk samples of lactating Chinese Holstein following a single intramammary administration into one quarter at the dose of 75 mg. Residue depletion of cefquinome in milk administrated at one quarter following three consecutive infusions at the same dose were also carried out. Cefquinome concentrations in plasma and milk were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. A non-compartmental analysis was used to obtain the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefquinome. Following the single treatment, cefquinome wasn’t detected in any of the plasma samples. The concentration of cefquinome in milk reached peaked values (Cmax) of (599.00±322.00) μg mL-1 at 2 h after administration (Tmax), elimination half-life (t1/2λz) was (4.63±0.26) h, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) was (4 890.19±1 906.98) μg mL-1 h, and mean residence time (MRT) was (6.03±2.27) h. In residue depletion study, cefquinome concentrations in 5 out of 6 milk samples at 72 h were lower than the maximum residue limit ifxed by the European regulatory agency (20μg kg-1 for cefquinome) and cefquinome still could be detected in milk of treated quarters at 120 h post-treatment. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of cefquinome in milk from treated quarters was (486.50±262.92) μg mL-1 and arrived at 6 h after administration (Tmax), elimination half-life (t1/2λz) was (6.30±0.76) h, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) was (44 747.79±11 434.43) μg mL-1 h, and mean residence time (MRT) was (10.09±1.40) h. This study showed that cefquinome has the feature of poor penetration into blood and was eliminated quickly from milk in lactating cows after intramammary administration. 相似文献
43.
头孢喹肟属于动物专用的第四代头孢菌素,对β-内酰胺酶高度稳定.临床常用制剂硫酸头孢喹肟注射液可肌肉注射或乳房灌注,具有吸收快,达峰时间短、生物利用度高等优点,广泛用于猪、牛等动物疾病的临床治疗.综述了硫酸头孢喹肟注射液在猪、牛呼吸系统感染及奶牛乳房炎治疗中的应用,以期为临床使用提供参考. 相似文献
44.
为了探究硫酸头孢喹肟在安格斯牛体内的药物代谢动力学,对安格斯牛以2 mg/kg剂量分别进行静脉、肌肉、皮下注射后,于不同时间点颈静脉采血,应用HPLC测定血液中硫酸头孢喹肟的药物浓度,计算药动学参数。静脉、肌肉、皮下注射的消除半衰期(T1/2β)分别为(2.05±0.49)h、(2.17±0.51)h、(2.37±0.47)h,达峰时间(Tmax)分别为(0.75±0.25)h、(0.87±0.25)h、(1±0.37)h,达峰浓度(Cmax)分别为(7.31±1.98)μg/mL、(5.34±1.21)μg/mL、(5.16±1.29)μg/mL,药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(24.72±5.31)μg.h/mL、(19.97±3.11)μg.h/mL、(20.51±4.87)μg.h/mL,平均留置时间(MRT)分别为(2.83±0.61)h、(3.02±0.71)h、(3.26±0.89)h,清除率(CL)分别为(0.07±0.02)L/h.kg、(0.09±0.03)L/h.kg、(0.09±0.04)L/h.kg,表观分布容积(Vd)分别为(0.23±0.06)L/kg、(0.31±0.08)L/kg、(0.32±0.09)L/kg。肌肉、皮下注射的绝对生物利用度(F)分别为80.78%、82.96%。表明硫酸头孢喹肟在安格斯牛体内吸收快、消除慢,肌肉注射以及皮下注射的绝对利用度高。 相似文献