广州:岭南园林的70、80、90——兼谈岭南园林特色

文章简要介绍1970、80、90年代广州岭南园林的经典作品——兰圃、草暖公园和珠江公园,回顾过往50年广州现代岭南园林设计与建设的实践成果,并通过对这些园林作品的欣赏与分析来追溯和探讨真正的岭南园林精神与特色。     

兰花斑点病毒及其检疫重要性

兰花斑点病毒是一种主要由加州短须螨传播的弹状或杆状的兰花病毒,会导致兰花产生褪绿斑或坏死斑症状。其分布包括亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲、美洲和非洲,能够侵染50种以上的兰花。它广泛的分布和寄主范围对世界兰花产业有巨大的危害性,而国内尚缺乏对兰花斑点病毒的系统研究。本文主要从传统生物学和分子生物学等方面对兰花斑点病毒进行简要评述,并探讨了它的检疫重要性。     

The effects of forest fragmentation on euglossine bee communities (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)

Despite scientific and media attention on pollinator declines, there is still only a rudimentary understanding of the response of bees—the most important group of pollinators worldwide—to ongoing land use changes. Euglossine bees are an ecologically important Neotropical clade of forest-dependent pollinators. Despite the fact that euglossines are well studied relative to other groups of tropical bees, only three previous studies, all from Brazil, address the response of euglossines to forest fragmentation. In this study, I tripled the maximum sample size of previous efforts by sampling male euglossines in 22 forest fragments ranging in area from 0.25 ha to 230 ha in southern Costa Rica, using chemically baited Van Someren traps. Abundance of euglossine bees was significantly positively related to forest fragment size, negatively related to shape (edge:area ratio), and marginally related to fragment isolation. Euglossine species richness showed similar, but weaker trends: richness was significantly positively related to the quantity of forest edge, marginally negatively related to fragment area, and not related to fragment isolation. The positive relationship between euglossine richness and abundance and forest fragment edge is consistent with other studies that have found high euglossine density in secondary or disturbed forest. The data suggest that individual euglossines move between forest fragments, as has been shown in other systems. Still, forest fragmentation appears to affect euglossine bees more strongly than other bee groups in the study region. Their large flight range and positive relationship with forest edges may help to buffer the negative effects of fragmentation, allowing euglossines to utilize even the very smallest forest fragments in the study area.     

兰花育种研究进展

 综述了兰花资源、育种研究进展, 阐明种质资源和组织培养是兰花育种的基础, 多种育种途径有效结合是今后培育兰花的主要方法。     

农杆菌介导转化石斛兰—蝴蝶兰杂交种类原球茎体的研究

以类原球茎体为受体材料,利用农杆菌EHA101(pIG121 Hm)介导转移GUS基因到石斛兰-蝴蝶兰的2个杂交品种。以一种β-内酰胺类新型抗生素美罗培南(Meropenem)作为抑菌抗生素和以潮霉素为筛选元件进行选择,获得了潮霉素抗性体,并通过X-gluc组织化学染色法,检测到较强的GUS的表达,表达率达80%以上。经过80 d的选择培养后在81个潮霉素抗性组织中获得了22株再生兰花。对其中的9株PCR阳性的再生植株进行Northern分析,检测到较强的GUS基因表达。     

物产异名与地方文化:以近代“兰花菇”的名实与流行为例

物产的名实关系牵涉人对物的认知与利用,不仅在实际生活中发挥重要作用,而且在史学研究中也备受关注。既有的相关研究相对重视实,而对名的关注相对不足。通过对近代"兰花菇"及相关名称的考察,可见物产名称在社会中也有着自己的生命力,且与地方文化有着千丝万缕的联系。不晚于18世纪末,广东南华寺僧人开始利用稻草栽培食用菌,遂有"南华菇"之谓,相关技术亦受到传播。19世纪下半叶以降,因音讹而产生的"兰花菇"渐趋流行,且名播粤外。同物异名的"草菰"在近代主要流行于两广,而"麻菌"则常与湖南浏阳密不可分,说明物产名称的地方性不必然直观见诸名称本身。关注物产名称并投以地方视角,有助于理解物产异名的产生、变异与传播,以及隐匿其背后的物质生活、技术、语言、地理、经济等因素,进而丰富对人类物质文化的认知。     

兰科保护遗传学研究进展

兰科是植物保护中的旗舰类群。保护遗传学研究在兰科多样性保护的理论和实践中发挥着越来越重要的作用。从种群遗传结构、杂交和基因渐渗、系统发育和种的鉴定等方面,简要介绍兰科保护遗传学方面取得的研究进展,以期为兰科保护遗传学工作提供参考。     

Conservation priorities differ at opposing species borders of a European orchid

How populations from different regions within the distribution of a species contribute to the adaptive potential and survival of that species has important implications for formulating conservation actions. We test assumptions of concepts on geographic population structure (e.g. central-marginal concept and ‘rear edge versus leading edge’ model) that could be used to inform conservation of plant species under climatic changes. We analyze a comprehensive dataset of demographic traits (e.g. population size, flowering, δ¹³C of plant leaves) of up to 32 sites of Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. (Orchidaceae) located within six sub-regions of its European distribution range. Soil and climate parameters are employed as environmental predictors of variation in measured population traits. Climate is the main driver of demographic variability overriding central-marginal gradients that might be present. Warming of the climate at high latitudes paves the way for northward range expansion of species. Populations at the north and north-eastern range peripheries partly show exponential population growth and high genetic diversity and are likely to be the source of immigrants for colonization of newly suitable habitats as the climate continues to change. In recent times, populations at the southern range periphery have suffered from intensification of land use and decreasing rainfall, but in the case of Southern Italy are important because they contain genetically unique traits. Populations at both, ‘leading’ and ‘rear’, edges ought to be at the focus of conservation planning. Different conservation strategies are proposed at opposing species borders taking into account spatial variation in population needs on a geographic scale, projected population response to expected environmental changes and genetic characteristics.     

遮光对兰花养分含量及生育的影响

调查了秋季栽培不同遮光程度对卡特兰和寒兰2种兰花叶片生长、植株养分含量和开花的影响。试验从8月初起在无遮光及遮光率30%,60%,90%的4个遮光处理下栽培80 d后,搬入温度为13~30℃的温室统一管理,观测至次年3月中旬。结果表明:无遮光处理叶片短小、黄化且灼伤显著;遮光率30%处理养分积累最多;遮光率60%特别是90%处理叶片长、色浓绿、养分积累较少。不同遮光处理间的开花率差异显著,遮光率30%>无遮光>遮光率60%>遮光率90%;花茎长度也以遮光率30%处理最大。秋季较强的日照管理有利于卡特兰和寒兰2种兰花植株的养分积累与开花。     

绍兴市越王兰苑市花公园的规划设计

市花是一个城市形象的重要标志,目前,国内已有很多城市拥有了自己的市花。建立市花公园,有利于提高城市品位和知名度,增强城市综合竞争力。因为它不仅能体现一个城市独具特色的人文景观、文化底蕴、精神风貌,体现人与自然的和谐统一,而且还可以表达市民的情感,寄托民族的理想,象征时代精神。这对于宣传市花,普及市花,推动物质文明、精神文明和生态文明建设具有十分重要的意义。