CP72-1210在我国甘蔗育种中的利用

概述了20世纪80年代初从美国引进的甘蔗品种CP72-1210的杂交研究与利用情况,指出广州甘蔗糖业研究所海南甘蔗育种场自1982/1983杂交季起对CP72-1210进行杂交试验,经多年试验筛选,该品种已成为近年来我国大陆使用频率最高、育成品种数最多的重要亲本之一,已育成后代品种14个;同时选育出一批优良育种中间材料,其中粤糖系列和崖城系列的26个品系在2000/2001～2004/2005杂交季中已用作杂交亲本,其育成品种粤糖93-159、粤糖89-113和粤糖83-271等已在广东、广西、云南蔗区大面积推广种植.     

固氮甘蔗新品种RB72-454引种及试验示范

引进固氮甘蔗新品种RB72-454,于2003~2005年在贞丰、望谟坝、坡地进行田间氮肥敏感性、不同用种量、吨糖田土配套技术研究试验示范。结果表明:RB72-454施用尿素20 kg/667m2比F134(CK)施用尿素40 kg/667m2增产41.5%,蔗糖分提高1.24%(绝对值),单位面积产糖量增加59.5%;每667m2用种量8 000芽比10 000芽增产7.5%,蔗糖分提高0.5个百分点,单位面积产糖量增加11.0%,节本增效336.4元/667m2;吨糖田土配套技术集成实施产糖量达1 066 kg/667m2,比F134增加47.9%;示范1 333.3 hm2,平均比F134增产37.7%,蔗糖分提高1.18个百分点,单位面积产糖量增加49.0%,增收810元/667m2,项目累计新增产值3 960万元,取得经济效益2 140.4万元。     

72和69杨心边材pH值、缓冲容量及化学成分含量的研究

以2个品系人工林杨树木材[欧美杨无性系72杨(Populus euramericana cv.I-72/58)和69杨(P.deltoides cv.I-69/55)]为对象,分析人工林杨树心材和边材pH值和缓冲容量及化学成分含量之间的差异 .结果表明,除了聚戊糖差异显著外,72和69杨树株间心材和边材的化学成分含量差异不大;72和69杨株间心材和边材的pH值和酸碱缓冲容量的差异不显著;72杨和69杨心边材化学成分含量差异并不显著,但是72杨和69杨边材木素差异显著;72杨和69杨心边材pH值和酸碱缓冲容量的差异不显著.     

Detection methods of Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection in silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) via a pORF72 monoclonal antibody

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2) is the main pathogen responsible for causing haematopoietic necrosis disease in Carassius auratus gibelio. Although many nucleic acid‐based diagnostic methods have been applied, no stable and sensitive immunological diagnostic approaches have been reported. In this study, to detect CyHV‐2 in clinical samples using immunological methods, recombinant ORF72 protein (pORF72), encoded by the CyHV‐2 ORF72 gene, was used as a capture antigen to identify blood and tissues infected with CyHV‐2. First, ORF72 gene was amplified from the CyHV‐2 genome and cloned into a PGEX‐4t‐3 expression vector to produce pORF72 in Escherichia coli. The purified pORF72 was used as an immunogen to prepare monoclonal antibodies. The Western blotting assays revealed that the monoclonal antibody could specifically identify the pORF72. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical protocol and a blood smear method were established to detect CyHV‐2 in carps. The results indicate that the monoclonal antibody against pORF72 could be utilized as an effective detection tool for haematopoietic necrosis disease in Carassius auratus gibelio.     

绵羊MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

【目的】 分析肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因内含子Ⅱ的多态性及其对绵羊生长性状的影响,筛选对绵羊生长发育有显著影响的分子标记,以期为绵羊的分子育种提供参考。【方法】 选取大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊、湖羊、杜泊羊5种绵羊为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP技术对MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ(Eco72 Ⅰ)进行基因分型,利用PopGene32软件计算绵羊MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ的群体遗传多样性,利用SPSS 17.0软件对不同基因型与绵羊生长性状进行关联分析。【结果】 小尾寒羊、杜泊羊、湖羊群体中MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ均存在3种基因型:AA(368/540 bp)、AB(908/368/540 bp)和BB(908 bp);大尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊群体中仅检测到2种基因型:AB(908/368/540 bp)和BB(908 bp)。大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊、湖羊、杜泊羊的AB基因型频率分别为0.845、0.633、0.917、0.706和0.811,BB基因型频率分别为0.155、0.033、0.083、0.176和0.054,AA基因型频率分别为0、0.333、0、0.118和0.135。小尾寒羊的杂合度最低(0.455),杜泊羊的杂合度最高(0.497),表明杜泊羊的遗传多样性要高于其他群体;5个群体多态信息含量(PIC)均为中度多态(0.25<PIC<0.5)。关联分析发现,小尾寒羊MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ BB基因型个体胸围、胸宽、头长、颈长均显著低于AA、AB基因型(P<0.05)。【结论】 MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ Eco72 Ⅰ位点可作为影响绵羊生长性状的分子标记,结果可为今后绵羊生长性状的分子标记辅助选择提供参考。     

山杨和速生杨硫酸盐浆多相水解动力学的研究

研究了木质素含量为０．２３％的山杨漂白浆和１．０５％的速生杨未漂浆稀酸低温多相水解降解反应动力学特性。结果表明，该过程与棉浆、桦木和针叶材浆具有相类似的特点，即纤维素多相水解降解过程分为两个明显阶段（快速降解和缓慢降解），而最终降至极限聚合度（山杨漂白浆为１８０；速生杨未漂浆为２０６）。两个阶段的纤维素水解降解动力学以其不同反应速度为特征，根据试验数据计算出反应速度常数：山杨漂白浆为Ｋ＝２．５×１０￣（－４）／ｍｉｎ；速生杨未漂浆为Ｋ＝１．６×１０￣（－４）／ｍｉｎ，前者明显地高于后者。随着水解时间的增加，水解残渣得率下降，最终结果达到８３％～８４％。测定了各水解试样的木质素含量，结果表明，水解前期（１０～４０ｍｉｎ）木质素变化较大，山杨漂白浆下降４８％，速生杨未漂浆下降３８％；水解后期，木质素含量变化不大。木质素的存在对于多相（固－液）水解降解反应起着阻碍作用并降低其反应速度常数。木质素含量越高水解液渗透至纤维素大分子链之β－Ｄ－葡糖键的速度越慢。     

72%农用链霉素防治魔芋软腐病试验

通过开展72%农用链霉素可溶性粉剂防治魔芋软腐病试验,取得了不同处理的防效和产量结果,并进行了效益分析,提出轮作地在苗齐后喷雾2次,连作地灌根1次、喷雾2次的预防魔芋软腐病方案.     

72%都尔乳油对茄子田间杂草的防除研究

以不同浓度72%都尔乳油对茄子田间杂草做防效试验。结果表明:72%都尔乳油用药量以1 500~2 000 mL/hm2具有良好的防除效果,安全适宜的用法是在土壤处理。     

Physiological and biochemical changes in young maize plants under iron deficiency I. Growth and photosynthesis

Young maize plants, grown hydroponically, were supplied with different amounts (7.5, 0.75, 0.15, 0.075, and 0 mg Fe/L) of iron (Fe). At 14, 21, and 28 days, parameters characterizing growth and photosynthesis were determined. Iron‐deficiency resulted in significant changes in biomass accumulation and distribution between vegetative organs as well as changes in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the carotenoids. The photosynthetic rate per leaf area was decreased. Part of ¹⁴C incorporated in low molecular compounds was increased and the share of amino acids and organic acids in them was increased. Plants supplied with 1/10th of the optimum Fe required partially adapted to the Fe deficiency. Plants with visual symptoms of Fe deficiency showed some peculiarities as compared to those plants severely Fe‐deficient.