开花期和果枝部位对短季棉纤维品质及超分子结构的影响

 利用中棉所 16研究了开花期和果枝部位对棉纤维品质与棉纤维超分子结构各项参数动态变化的影响。研究表明 ,棉纤维长度、细度、成熟度及棉纤维强度等品质性状均随开花期推迟温度降低逐渐变差 ,相同开花期条件下果枝部位对棉纤维品质性状有一定影响 ,呈现出下部棉纤维品质略高于上部的趋势 ,但不显著。前期开花较早温度较高时下部果枝的超分子结构参数呈现出优于上部的趋势 ,与下部果枝的棉纤维品质略高于上部相一致 ,但果枝部位的影响并不能改变由于开花期推迟温度降低而对棉纤维超分子结构所产生的影响。     

Prediction of Fiber Composition and Silicification for Rice Straw with Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) Technique

The silicification of rice straw is a factor that affects the grain production and straw nutritive quality. The procedure of chemical analysis for silicon in straw is, however, time and labor consuming, and slightly poor in accuracy. The study has attempted to apply near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)technique as an advanced alternative to predict the fiber composition and silicification in rice straw. Ninetytwo samples from different seasons and varieties were collected over the Fujian Province. Their chemical analyses were carried on the aspects of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractable and non-extractable silicon,and the results were used as a database for NIRS analyses. The prediction model was developed through modified partial least square regression (MPLS) for a calibration program. The factors that may affect the calibration, cross-validation and the prediction for the application of NIRS on rice straw were also discussed.     

棉株生理年龄对纤维加厚发育及纤维比强度形成的影响

 【目的】研究棉株生理年龄对棉纤维加厚发育及纤维比强度形成的影响。【方法】通过设置播期试验使位于棉株不同部位的棉花"三桃"（伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃）的棉纤维加厚发育期（铃龄25～50 d）处于相同的温度条件下（统计伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃棉纤维加厚发育期日均温分别为22.0、19.4和15.3℃）。【结果】棉花"三桃"的棉纤维加厚发育及纤维比强度受温度和棉株生理年龄的双重影响，棉株生理年龄是影响伏桃、早秋桃棉纤维加厚发育的主要因子，对棉株上部果枝的伏桃和下部果枝的早秋桃棉纤维加厚发育具有显著影响，铃重、衣分和纤维比强度均明显低于其他部位；棉纤维加厚发育期低温则是影响晚秋桃棉纤维加厚发育及纤维比强度的首要因子。在本试验15.3℃的温度条件下，棉纤维蔗糖合成酶活性显著降低，β-1，3-葡聚糖酶活性显著升高，同时纤维素累积量和累积速率均显著降低，棉花铃重低于2 g，纤维比强度低于20 CN·tex-1。【结论】棉株生理年龄对伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃纤维比强度的影响作用依次增强。     

芸苔素内酯和复硝钠对夏播棉产量和品质的调节作用比较

比较了植物生长调节剂芸苔素内酯和复硝钠在不同浓度下对棉花产量因素和纤维品质的影响。芸苔素内酯和复硝钠在适宜的剂量和浓度下可以促进棉花吐絮,增加霜前花产量,并改善棉花纤维品质,但不能增加棉铃总数和棉花总产量。     

青海藏羊羊毛纤维长度与含硫量的分布

通过对终年放牧的青海藏羊毛纤维长度5cm区段含硫量的测定，结果表明青海藏羊毛纤维不同长度区段的含硫量不同，含硫量顶峰值前，随着长度增加含硫量逐步增加，但成年公羊顶峰值后随机度增加，含硫量逐渐减少。青海藏羊毛长5cm各区段各硫量差异不显著（P＞0．05），毛长与含硫量除成年公羊为强的负相关（r=-0.56964)，其余各性能年龄组内均为弱的正相关关系，相关系数r=-0.116182-0.354898.     

纤维素在鱼类饲料中适宜含量的研究概况

纤维素是鱼类重要的营养素,文章分析了有关纤维素的作用、鱼类饲料中纤维素的适宜含量及影响因素、饲料中纤维素含量过多的危害,同时,对一些研究方法也做了相应评价,对未来的研究方向提出了个人观点。     

脲酶抑制剂氢醌对纤维类物质瘤胃降解率的影响

选用9只瘘管羊，采用完全随机区组设计（以体质量为区组）研究日粮中分别添加30mg/kg和60mg/kg氢醌对干物质、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）在瘤胃中降解率和降解参数的影响。结果表明，在日粮中添加30mg/kg和60mg/kg氢醌可以明显提高干物质、NDF和ADF的有效降解率（P＜0.05)，但对外流速度（k)没有显著影响（P＞0.05)。应用脲酶抑制剂可以显著提高NDF的48h降解率，ADF的24h和48h的降解率（P＜0.05)。上述结果表明，在含有尿素的日粮中添加适宜水平的氢醌有利于氨的释放与底物发酵同步，从而导致了纤维物质消化率的提高。     

木材纤维/铜纤维复合中密度纤维板

试验分析了铜纤维的施加比例对木材纤维／铜纤维复合中密度纤维板物理力学性能和电磁屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明，铜纤维的施加比例对复合中密度纤维板的力学性能影响显著，在木材纤维／铜纤维混合原料中施加一定量的异氰酸酯胶，可显著改善复合中密度纤维板的胶合性能，其胶合强度可以达到国家标准的要求。铜纤维施加比例对复合中密度纤维板的电磁屏蔽效能影响显著，铜纤维在中密度纤维板中的复合位置对电磁屏蔽效能影响较显著，当中密度纤维板双表面复合铜纤维且施加比例为3时其电磁屏蔽效能可达到60dB以上。     

Study on the Genetics and Development of Fiber Pigments and Color Deviation After Wetting Process of Naturally Colored Cotton

The genetic control of fiber pigment color in naturally colored cotton was studied. The expres-sion of brown and green fiber color was controlled by incompletely dominant single genes and incompletelydominant major genes, respectively. Production and accumulation of the fiber pigment were related to specialexpression of enzymatic genes for pigment synthesis in fiber cells. At the stage of fiber lengthening, naturallycolored cotton, like white cotton, appeared purely white. But when fiber cell walls entered the thickeningstage, pigment appeared by degrees. When the fiber was completely matured (on boll dehiscence), the colorreached its darkest level. After wetting process treatment, the hues of the fiber pigment changed in regularpatterns. The hue circle for brown and green cotton changed in the opposite direction with wetting processtreatment. In general, the treated cotton color and luster became dark and vivid, and this trend provided the possibili-ty for enhancing the fiber quality by suitable enviromnental friendly finishing. The analysis showed that the color andluster of the cotton may be controlled by a series of pigments which show different chemical performance.     

北疆棉区打顶调控棉纤维生态位适宜度的研究

以北疆高产棉田棉纤维作为研究对象,引入生态位适宜度理论,对三个打顶次数不同的处理的棉花群体棉纤维生态位适宜度进行分析研究,结果表明:用生态位适宜度来评价棉纤维品质是切实可行的,三个打顶处理中7月10日和7月25日打顶棉株棉纤维生态位适宜度均为中部最高,并且随着棉花群体打顶次数的增加,其下部棉纤维生态位适宜度较上部有逐渐增高的趋势,与一次打顶相比较,其二、三次打顶棉株上、下部棉纤维生态位适宜度均升高。二、三次打顶处理中的6月25日打顶棉株棉纤维生态位适宜度最大值所在部位上移至棉株上部。