葡萄糖氧化酶基因转化小麦的研究

葡萄糖氧化酶（Glucose Oxidase, GO）在植物抵抗真菌和细菌感染时起重要作用,但将GO基因转入小麦的研究目前还未见报道。本研究利用基因枪介导法将来源于黑曲霉的GO基因转入优良小麦品种扬麦10号、鲁麦22和鲁麦23,从轰击的3 300块幼胚愈伤组织中,获得了246棵再生植株,经PCR鉴定,其中的31棵含有GO基因,PCR阳性植株比例     

CO2 efflux by rapid decomposition of low molecular organic substances in soils

Decomposition rates of the [2-¹⁴C]-glucose and [2-¹⁴C]-glycine in four different soils of the long-term field trial of Moscow were investigated in a 3-months laboratory experiment in which ¹⁴CO₂ respiration was measured. A model with three decomposition components and two distribution parameters was developed and validated with the data of the experiment. The decay rate constants of free [2-¹⁴C]-glucose (4–32 day^-1) were slower than those of [2-¹⁴C]-glycine (16–44 day^-1). The calculated use efficiency for microbial biosynthesis of the second carbon atom was 47% for glucose and 31% for glycine. The potential half-life of labelled carbon in the microbial soil biomass ranged from 0.6 to 4.4 days, depending on the soil type and the initial amount of added substrate. The calculated total utilisation of carbon by the soil biomass from glycine was about 2–5 times lower than that of glucose.The modelled ¹⁴C incorporation into the microbial soil biomass reached its maximum on the first day of the incubation experiment and did not exceed 22% of the ¹⁴C input. Both of the investigated substances decomposed most rapidly in the soil samples from sites that have not being fertilised with organic or mineral fertilisers during an 81-years period.     

超表达枳β-淀粉酶基因(PtrBAM1)对烟草不同糖和有机酸的影响

利用气相色谱法测定低温处理下3个 PtrBAM1超表达烟草株系(F6、F11、F25)与两个对照组(空载1301和野生型WT)烟草中可溶性糖和有机酸的含量,旨在从改变植株糖酸含量的角度解析 PtrBAM1的抗寒功能。结果表明:正常条件下超表达株系的β-淀粉酶活性及果糖、蔗糖、柠檬酸、苹果酸和奎宁酸含量均显著高于对照,2℃低温处理6 h、1 d、3 d后超表达株系的β-淀粉酶活性、果糖含量均显著高于2个对照组。F6、F11、F25葡萄糖含量在6 h～1 d时有一个骤升的过程,而柠檬酸含量一直显著高于1301和WT,苹果酸和奎宁酸含量除1 d外,其他时间点含量均显著高于对照。由此可见, PtrBAM1在低温处理下可能通过改变糖酸代谢途径增强植株的抗寒性。     

水稻秸秆、麦麸、葡萄糖添加对绿狐尾藻青贮质量影响研究

为探究添加不同比例的水稻秸秆、麦麸与葡萄糖对新鲜绿狐尾藻青贮品质的影响规律，采用双因素完全随机设计，A因素为稻秸添加比例：0%，5%，10%，15%(相应计算麦麸和绿狐尾藻添加比例)；B因素为葡萄糖添加比例：0%，2%，4%，6%，青贮原料充分混合后青贮。结果表明：稻秸与葡萄糖添加比例及二者互作对青贮效果有显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01)。随稻秸添加比例增加，丁酸含量显著增加(P<0.05)，纤维含量极显著增加，粗蛋白含量极显著降低(P<0.01)；随葡萄糖添加比例增加，pH值显著下降(P<0.05)，可溶性糖含量极显著升高(P<0.01)，粗蛋白、纤维含量及有氧稳定性极显著降低(P<0.01)。综合来看，70%绿狐尾藻与30%麦麸混合青贮添加2%~6%葡萄糖可制备饲用品质和有氧稳定性均优的青贮饲料；添加5%或10%水稻秸秆并添加4%葡萄糖可制备原料成本更低的青贮饲料。