可移植的UART底层驱动构件设计

以飞思卡尔公司基于ARM Cortex-M4内核的K60系列微控制器为例,设计了一种具有较好可移植性和重用性的UART底层驱动构件．测试结果表明该构件正确而有效．     

Mehlich 3 Extraction of Boron in Boron Treated Soils as Compared to Other Extractants

Abstract

Hot water extraction (HW) is time‐consuming, highly variable, and losing popularity as the standard method for estimating plant‐available boron (B) in soil. Proposed alternatives are not widely used and guesstimation is replacing assessment at many soil test facilities. Mehlich 3 is increasingly promoted as a universal extractant, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–sorbitol and pressurized hot water (PHW) are effective and comparable to hot water extraction but also simpler and easier. Mehlich 3 B extraction has been compared mainly to hot water extraction. Because Mehlich 3 usage would be limited to neutral to acid soils, this study used a limed acid Darco loamy fine sand (loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) from eastern Texas to which 10 rates of B were applied followed by either incubation without plants or planting to alfalfa in greenhouse pots. Mehlich 3 extraction of soils obtained from a long‐term experiment on Darco soil from which alfalfa yield response has already been related to hot water, DTPA–sorbitol, and PHW is reported. The purpose was to determine the efficiency of Mehlich 3 B extraction compared to hot water, PHW, and DTPA–sorbitol in these B‐fertilized soils. Mehlich 3–extractable B significantly correlated with the rate of B application to incubation, greenhouse, and field soils and with B concentration and total B uptake in alfalfa in a greenhouse experiment. However, yield responses to B application were not observed in the greenhouse study. In the field where B response to B application was observed, Mehlich 3–extractable B did not correlate with alfalfa yield, whereas hot water and pressurized hot water did. In considering Mehlich 3 for B extraction, be aware that some older inductively coupled plasma (ICP) models may have significant drift when B is measured in Mehlich 3 extractant. In the current study, this problem was overcome with a new model instrument. Although effective in estimating B levels imposed on soils by fertilizer application, Mehlich 3 could not predict yield and thus cannot currently be recommended as a “universal” extractant to include B.     

基于GIS/RS和USLE鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀变化

将空间信息技术（RS和GIS）和通用土壤流失方程（USLE）相结合对鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀量进行计算。分别利用1990年和2000年TM/ETM+影像分类得到两期土地利用/覆盖类型图,结合鄱阳湖流域数字高程模型（DEM）、土壤类型分布图和流域降雨资料分别获取USLE模型中各因子值的空间分布,最后计算流域2个年份的土壤侵蚀空间分布图。研究表明：鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀区域主要分布在赣江上游,信江上游,抚河上中游和修水上游地区;鄱阳湖流域1990年和2000年大范围土地经受着Ⅰ级微度与Ⅱ级轻度侵蚀,其侵蚀面积之和分别占流域面积的97.38%和97.30%;而流域产沙主要来源于Ⅱ级轻度侵蚀和Ⅲ级中度侵蚀,所占土壤侵蚀总量分别为58.16%和51.20%,其中中度以上等级的侵蚀对产沙量的贡献是不可忽视的;从1990年到2000年土壤侵蚀等级变化呈现了由中等级侵蚀（Ⅱ级轻度侵蚀和Ⅲ级中度侵蚀）向低等级（Ⅰ级微度侵蚀）和高等级侵蚀（Ⅴ级极强度和Ⅵ级剧烈侵蚀）的2个极端演化的趋势。鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀量从1990年到2000年增长幅度达6.3%;土壤平均侵蚀模数都约为1 100 t/(km2·a),属于Ⅱ级轻度侵蚀。分析2个年份的土地利用/覆盖变化,发现鄱阳湖流域湿地和农田面积减少,建筑用地增加均是造成土壤侵蚀量增加的因素,而降雨侵蚀力因子空间格局也对土壤侵蚀空间分布具有重要影响,最后提出了鄱阳湖流域水土保持规划措施。     

基于URP-PCR多态性片段的苦瓜枯萎病菌特异性检测技术的建立

 通过URP(Universal Rice Primers)-PCR分析尖孢镰孢菌苦瓜专化型基因组DNA扩增片段多态性,筛选检测尖孢镰孢菌苦瓜专化型的特异性引物,并建立了基于该引物的PCR检测方法。结果表明,特异性引物为FOMM-SPF/FOMM-SPR, PCR检测体系为25 SymbolmAL,包括2SymboltB Green Taq Master Mix 12.5 SymbolmAL,10 mmol·L^-1 的上下游引物各1 SymbolmAL,模板DNA 1 SymbolmAL,灭菌去离子水补足至25 SymbolmAL;PCR程序为95℃预变性3 min,94℃变性15 s,57℃退火30 s,72℃延伸20 s,共30个循环,循环结束后72℃延伸5 min;特异性扩增片段大小294 bp,检测灵敏度为2 ng·μL^-1 DNA或50个孢子·500 mg^-1土壤。该引物及其检测方法对尖孢镰孢菌苦瓜专化型的检测特异性好、灵敏度高,可以从土壤和植物样品中快速准确地检测出苦瓜枯萎病菌,无需病原菌的分离培养和致病性检测,对苦瓜枯萎病的早期诊断和预警及有效防控具有重要的指导意义。     

伪狂犬病病毒gG基因缺失通用转移载体的构建

对克隆有伪狂犬病病毒Ea株基因组DNA SphI 15kb片段的质粒pBSA用SphI和KpnI消化，将含gG全基因及其上游PK基因，下游gD基因部分编码区的约2．6kb的片段亚克隆到消除了EcoRI位点的载体pUC19中，获得重组质粒pUSK(E)。以pEGFP-N1为模板，通过PCR扩增约0．3kb的SV40Poly(A)片段，并将其克隆到杆状病毒转座载体pFastBac1的NotI和PstI位点，利用pFastBac1的BamHI和PstI将含有9个酶切位点以及SV40Poly(A)的片段亚克隆到pUSK(E)的相应位点，在插入的同时导致gG基因5‘端编码区约9个酶切位点以及SV40Poly(A)的片段亚克隆到pUSK(E)的相应位点，在插入的同时导致gG基因5‘端编码区的400bp的缺失，构建了由gG启动子驱动gG部分编码区缺失的通用转移载体pgG-Uni。序列分析进一步证实：有7个单一酶切位点可供外源基因直接插入。上述结果为构建以伪狂犬病病毒作载体的多价基因工程疫苗以及利用标记蛋白探讨伪狂犬病病毒在体内的增殖与分布奠定了基础。     

基于Inventor的旋耕-碎茬通用刀片有限元分析

旋耕与碎茬是我国目前最常见的两种土壤作业方式,旋耕、碎茬刀片的品质直接关系到整机的性能和作业质量。为此,利用Inventor强大的三维造型及其对零件的有限元分析功能,对旋耕-碎茬通用刀片进行三维造型,并对模型进行有限元分析。分析结果表明:通用刀片的强度和刚度均满足设计要求;刀片的应力与应变最大值出现在刀片弯折处;变形位移最大值点位于刀尖。有限元分析结果为旋耕-碎茬通用刀片的优化设计提供了可靠依据,为今后提高设计质量和精度提供了借鉴。     

流域侵蚀控制度的概念与计算方法——以王茂沟流域为例

文章将流域最小可能土壤侵蚀模数与实际土壤侵蚀模数的比值定义为流域侵蚀控制度,并以王茂沟流域为例说明计算方法。结果表明：王茂沟流域水土保持措施容量下的流域最小可能土壤侵蚀模数为2573t／（km^2·a）;使用王茂沟流域2004年土地利用图,计算得出王茂沟流域实际土壤侵蚀模数为7413t／（km^2·a）,王茂沟流域侵蚀控制度为0．35,造成王茂沟流域2004年流域侵蚀控制度较低的原因是王茂沟流域还存在一定数量的坡耕地以及林地面积较少。建议将流域停饨榨制摩作为评价流域水土保持现状的指标。     

Spatial assessment of benefits of a coastal Mediterranean Marine Protected Area

Marine reserves are increasingly advocated not only as conservation but also as fisheries management tools to safeguard the decline of coastal fishing resources. Still, conclusive evidence of their functioning is lacking, amongst others due to the influence of spatio-temporal variations in fish populations and habitat heterogeneity which could hamper a sound data interpretation. We conducted a spatial analysis of the benefits of the Medes Island Marine Reserve by combining geostatistical and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. Concurrently, we analysed effects of trends reflecting habitat heterogeneity and spatial structuring of data on spatial predictions of fish catch per unit effort (CPUE) and length. Predicted spatial patterns showed the complexity and simultaneous action of trend factors leading to mostly non-linear gradients in CPUE and length data. CPUE of total fish and CPUE and length of common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) increased close to the Integral Reserve due to direct and indirect reserve effects. CPUE and length of striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) slightly increased also near the Integral Reserve, but distinct reserve effects could not be identified due to the strong influence of artificial reefs. We conclude that the spatial dimension of the Buffer Zone, where artisanal fisheries are allowed, permits in general protection only for target species, favouring a habitat with no discontinuities from the reserve outwards. Our spatial approach to assess reserve benefits provides major insights into complex systems like coastal marine reserves in the northwestern Mediterranean. In addition, it contributes to a crucial aspect of marine conservation, viz. the decision on the spatial dimension of protected areas.     

南方丘陵紫色页岩地区土壤可蚀性因子K值的确定——以湖南衡阳为例

通过2003~2004年两年的径流小区试验,运用反推法和经验公式确定土壤可蚀性因子(K)的取值,并对两种结果进行比较分析得出衡阳紫色页岩地区的土壤可蚀性因子(K)的取值范围在0.34~0.37之间,为正确认识当地土壤特性从而提出有效减小水土流失危害的对策提供科学依据。     

金耳袋料栽培基质配方优化

优良袋料栽培配方是金耳增产增效的关键因素,为探究金耳袋栽高产配方,缩短金耳生产周期、提高产量及子实体品质,试验以麸皮、豆粕、玉米粉、木屑、棉籽壳为研究因素,以金耳子实体鲜质量为考察指标,采用混料比率及二次通用旋转组合设计,常规熟料栽培,构建研究因素与金耳子实体鲜质量的数学模型,探索不同因素对产量的影响规律。结果表明,在金耳栽培基质中添加麸皮、豆粕、玉米粉均能提高其产量,其影响规律符合二次曲线规律,木屑不利于金耳产量的提高;结合当前原料价格选出金耳栽培的适宜配方,即麸皮10.30%,豆粕2.29%,玉米粉9.15%,木屑49.57%,棉籽壳26.69%,生石膏1%,蔗糖1%。采用该配方每袋可产金耳子实体264.62 g,在生产中有一定的应用价值。