改性橘子皮对废水中钴镍离子的吸附性能

采用冰醋酸-Ca(OH)2制备了新型活化橘子皮生物吸附剂HCOP,借助扫描电镜从微观组织形态上对比了未改性橘子皮(OP)、冰醋酸-Ca(OH)2活化橘子皮(HCOP)2种不同的生物吸附剂;研究了HCOP用量、p H、吸附时间和温度对HCOP吸附Co2+、Ni2+的影响,并讨论了吸附动力学和热力学模式。结果表明,当HCOP用量为5 g/L、p H 6.0的条件下,HCOP对2种离子的吸附速率均较快,符合准二级动力学方程。HCOP对Co2+、Ni2+的最大吸附量分别为44.58、52.47 mg/g,均符合Langmuir模型。在钴、镍二元混合体系中,HCOP对Ni2+的吸附选择性大于Co2+,HCOP可通过用HCl洗涤再生后循环使用6次。     

养护制度和大掺量掺和料对混凝土干缩性能的影响研究

养护是获得高性能混凝土的重要环节,针对混凝土所处的环境特点,研究了大掺量矿渣和粉煤灰混凝土的干缩性能以及养护制度对混凝土干缩性能的影响规律。结果表明,在相同养护制度下,掺矿渣和粉煤灰的混凝土各测试龄期干缩率相对基准混凝土试件减小约5%～20%,有利于改善混凝土的干缩性能;延长养护时间有利于改善混凝土的干缩性能,养护时间宜根据需要适当延长,一般情况下不宜低于3d,且养护时间和养护方法对大掺量掺和料混凝土显得尤为重要。     

农业有机废弃物基质培育番茄的研究初报

配制不同配方的基质培育番茄幼苗,在相同的培育条件下研究不同基质下番茄幼苗及果实的相关形态指标、结构指标及生理指标的差异。结果表明,利用玉米糠醛渣：蛭石=3：1的配方培育出来的番茄幼苗表现出明显的优势,如在形态指标方面,株高、茎粗、叶面积、根的干鲜重、壮苗指数等形态指标在所有组合中达到最高;生理指标方面,此配方培育出来的番茄苗根系活力强,叶绿素含量高,净光合有效辐射强,呼吸速率也最高;果实质量方面,番茄的VC含量、还原性糖含量和茄红素含量比其他组合高;此配方培育出的番茄花芽分化较其他组显著提前;在植物的生长过程中,配方的理化性质最稳定。上述的各项指标差异均达到了显著水平。由此可见,玉米糠醛渣十分有利于番茄作物的生长,能显著提高番茄质量。在安徽各地,玉米糠醛渣来源广泛,价格便宜,适合作为优良的基质品种在番茄乃至其他农作物生产中大范围推广。     

酶法提取猕猴桃皮和渣中果胶的工艺研究

[目的]去除猕猴桃皮和渣中的淀粉和蛋白质,提取并制备膳食食用果胶。[方法]通过单因素和正交试验设计,分别确定0.4%淀粉酶和0.4%胰蛋白酶提取猕猴桃皮和渣中果胶的适宜工艺条件。[结果]0.4%淀粉酶可有效去除猕猴桃皮和渣中的淀粉,其适宜工艺条件为：料液比1∶10.0,50℃下酶解60 min;0.4%胰蛋白酶可有效去除猕猴桃皮和渣中的蛋白质,其适宜工艺条件为：料液比1∶10.0,35℃下酶解60 min。在最佳工艺条件下,经离心、浓缩得到果胶,其中猕猴桃皮和渣中的果胶得率分别为3.10%和1.39%。[结论]通过改良酶法,建立了猕猴桃皮和渣中果胶提取的适宜工艺。     

Effect of B2O3 on the physico-chemical properties of mold slag used for high-Al steel

A new mold slag with low content SiO2 and high content Al2O3 is designed in order to avoid or alleviate the reaction between Al and SiO2 during the continuous casting of high-Al steel, the acidity of this slag is adjusted by adding B2O3, and the effect of B2O3 content on the fusion property, viscosity property and heat transfer characteristics through the mold slag film of the mold slag is analyzed. The results show that the fusion temperature, viscosity, viscous flow activation energy decrease and heat flux through the slag film increases with the increase of B2O3 content in the range of 4%~10%; temperature time transformation (TTT) diagrams move to longer incubation time with the increase of B2O3, while the crystallization speed of mold fluxes decreases; under this experiment condition, the precipitation of CaF2 crystals can be restrained by the increase of B2O3 content in the mold slag.     

A simulated experiment on the high titanium slag rheological behavior

The rheological property of high titanium slag is a main factor to influence the vanadium titanomagnetite smelting in blast furnace. It plays a great role in discharging slag, separating iron and slag and even the life of blast furnace hearth. The acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene multipolymer(ABS) dense suspension is taken to simulate the system of high titanium slag. Apparent viscosity is measured by a NXS-11A rotating cylinder viscometer. The impact of temperature, volume fraction and particle sizes on the suspension apparent viscosity is studied. The results show that temperature and volume fraction have a strong influence on the suspension apparent viscosity, while the particle size has a weak effect. The suspension shows Bingham behavior within a wide concentration range. The dependence of the appear viscosity on temperature and amount of solid addition can be described by a binary function equation.     

Study on the Seebeck Effect in Steel-slag Concrete

The Seebeck effect of steel slag reinforced concrete was studied in this paper.The effect of steel slag content and curing period on Seebeck effect were focused on especially.The experimental results show that Seebeck effect of steel slag reinforced concrete was discovered,and a good linear relationship was observed between thermoelectric force(TEP)and temperature differential on the specimen;The linear relationship was from enhancing to weakening with increasing steel slag content;As the curing period extends,the Seebeck effect of steel slag reinforced concrete was better,and TEP became steady.     

人工修复植被对锰矿区废弃地土壤酶活性的影响

以自然修复的矿区废弃地土壤为对照,从土壤酶活性的垂直分布、季节动态特征及其与土壤养分含量、重金属含量相关性研究了人工修复的栾树Koelreuteria paniclata、杜英Elaeocarpus decipens混交林(修复地)对湘潭锰矿区废弃地土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:0～60 cm土层中,随着土层深度的增加,土壤酶活性逐渐下降;同一土层中,修复地土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性均高于对照地,且脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性的差异均达到了极显著差异(P＜0.01),0～20 cm土层中蔗糖酶酶活性的差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05);同一季节修复地土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性均显著或极显著高于对照地(P＜0.05),秋、冬季修复地土壤蔗糖酶活性显著高于对照地(P＜0.05),夏季差异不显著(P＞0.05),而春季修复地显著低于对照地(P＜0.05);土壤酶活性与土壤有机质、全N、Mg含量呈极显著(P＜0.01)或显著(P＜0.05)的正相关性,与土壤微生物数量之间均呈极显著或显著的正相关;土壤中重金属对土壤酶活性多表现为抑制作用,且以脲酶活性最敏感,其次是过氧化氧酶活性.人工修复植被能明显提高锰矿区废弃地土壤的酶活性.     

闽江河口稻田土壤甲烷产生潜力及其对炉渣添加的响应

对闽江河口稻田甲烷产生潜力及其对炉渣添加的响应特征进行了初步研究,结果表明,(1)稻田土壤甲烷产生潜力在培养第3天出现峰值,10-20 cm土壤是甲烷产生的主要发生层;(2)甲烷产生潜力的剖面变异性低于时间变异性;(3)炉渣添加对0-40 cm土壤层次甲烷产生潜力具有抑制作用,但不同土壤层次甲烷产生潜力对炉渣添加比例的响应有所不同。     

Environmental toxicity identification of ancient smelting slag

The corrosion and extraction toxicity of heavy metal in ancient smelting slag is analyzed. Leaching behavior of heavy metal in smelting slag is discussed through extraction toxicity test of different pH values. The results show that the pH of smelting slag is alkalescence, the heavy metal content is high and the average content of heavy metal (zinc plus plumbum) is up to 6.97%. However, most of heavy metal in smelting slag is in residual state. Its extraction toxicity is low and potential harm for environment is obviously weakened. It indicates that forecasting heavy metal’s potential harm for environment in smelting slag by totalizing method is not accurate. The leachable quantities of heavy metals significantly increase in extremely acidic and alkaline condition. The leachable quantities of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd are all up to maximum when pH<3. The leachable quantities of Zn, Pb and Cr all increase when pH>12, but the extracting amount is lower than that in acidic condition. The leachable quantity of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd is minimal in neutral condition. Under normal rainfall conditions, potential harm for environment of ancient smelting slag is decreased to a lower level. It can be treated according to the requirement for general industrial solid wastes.