柳杉木材边材木醋液中的成分研究

用毛细管气相色谱法对日本柳杉木材边材炭化得到的木醋液中的37种成分进行定性和定量分析.结果表明,醇类、酮类、羧酸类、呋喃类、苯酚类及愈创苯酚类是其主要成分.用溶剂萃取-硅胶柱层析法进一步分离处理木醋液,纯化出炭化过程中产生的手性脱水内醚糖-左旋葡聚糖(LGA,1,6-脱水-β-D-葡萄糖),但其不能被毛细管气相色谱法检...     

辽西半干旱地区刺槐树干液流变化规律的研究

利用热扩散式树干茎流仪于2010年5～10月对辽宁北票市刺槐树干液流进行连续观测。结果表明：刺槐边材液流速率日变化呈单峰曲线,8月液流速率最高,液流高峰维持时间6.5 h左右,曲线呈宽峰型。6月份液流速率居中,但液流高峰维持的时间较长7 h左右,曲线为宽峰型。10月液流速率最低,液流高峰维持时间最短4 h左右,曲线为窄峰型;刺槐平均液流速率8月〉6月〉7月〉9月〉10月;立地条件对刺槐树干液流影响较大,平均液流速率为缓坡〉谷底〉陡坡,单株日平均耗水量为谷底〉缓坡〉陡坡。径阶对液流速率影响不显著,但对耗水量有显著影响,总体上呈现出径阶越大耗水量越高的趋势。     

冷冻处理对日本柳杉边材炭化的影响

将冷冻处理前后的日本柳杉边材在 4 0 0℃下进行炭化 ,得到了木醋液、木焦油和木炭。与没有处理相比 ,虽然处理过边材的木焦油的收率几乎不变 ,木醋液的收率显示增加倾向 ,但是木炭的收率有减少迹象。用毛细管气相色谱法对得到的木醋液中的 11种成分进行了定量分析。与无处理相比较后 ,发现处理过边材木醋液中的甲醇、脂肪酸及糠醛 (呋喃甲醛 )的收量有了变化 ,但是 5 -羟甲基糠醛、麦芽酚、苯酚、邻苯二酚及愈创苯酚的收量几乎没有变化。     

Durability of thermally modified sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce in the modified double layer test

In the present study, durability of untreated and thermally modified sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce was examined using a modified double layer test. Base layer samples were partly on contact with ground where exposure conditions were harder than that in a double layer test above the ground. The base layer on ground contact gave results already after one year of exposure in Finnish climate, but the top layer of a double layer test element simulated more the situation of decking exposure.

Significant differences in durability and moisture content (MC) between the wood materials were detected after six years of exposure in the field. Thermally modified pine heartwood performed very well in all layers of the test element and only minor signs of decay were found in some of the base samples. Both sapwood and heartwood of thermally modified spruce were suffering only slight amounts of decay while thermally modified pine sapwood was slightly or moderately decayed. Untreated sapwood samples of pine and spruce were severely decayed or reached failure rating after six years in the field. Untreated heartwood samples performed clearly better. The highest MCs were measured from untreated and thermally modified pine samples. Thermal modification increased significantly the durability and decreased the MC values of all wood materials.     

干燥温度对红锥树盘材色变化及干燥缺陷的影响

[目的]研究不同干燥温度条件下红锥树盘干燥过程中心材、边材材色变化及干燥缺陷,为红锥木材干燥工艺和高价值利用提供科学依据.[方法]在广西凭祥市中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心39年生红锥人工林内设置5块20 mX30 m的样地,每块样地选取1株优势木进行解析,截取主干0～2 m段树盘分别在60,80和120℃的恒温干...     

山西太岳山油松林木边材心材导水功能研究

实测太岳山36株油松边材和心材面积,建立计算林木边材和心材直径回归方程,使用TDP80探针采用热平衡技术测定山西太岳山地区油松林木夏季边材和心材中液流速度,对比分析夏季不同天气条件下树干边材和心材的导水效率.结果显示油松林木树干液流夜间流速约为白天流速的5%(60年生林木)~15%(30年生林木);30年生林木白天平均流量(11.7 dm3/d)占全天平均流量(13.9 dm3/d)的84.33%,60年生林木白天平均流量(67.5 dm3/d)占全天流量(69.9 dm3/d)的96.56%.油松林木日间蒸腾耗水占全天耗水量的85%~95%.研究表明30~60年生油松林木液流日总量中边材液流量只占61%~72%,心材液流量可占到28%~39%.油松林木心材的导水功能不宜忽略.     

沙地樟子松边材宽度与胸径关系研究

对相同立地条件下的10、20、30、40年生樟子松人工固沙林进行胸径、边材厚度测定,分析不同年龄边材厚度与胸径相关关系及不同年龄边材生长特征。结果表明:10年生时平均边材宽度为6cm;20~30年生平均边材增幅小;30~40年生时边材增幅大。10年、20年生樟子松边材厚度与胸径关系模型符合抛物线模型,拟合方程分别为y=0.146 2 x~2-1.554 6 x+6.401 7(R~2=0.975 3)、y=-0.057 6 x~2+1.456 1 x-4.761 9(R~2=0.669 7);30年生樟子松东、南两个方位边材厚度与胸径关系可用曲线拟合,东方位符合指数模型,方程为y=0.980 1e0.081 1 x(R~2=0.733 7),南方位符合抛物线方程y=0.009 x~2-0.07 x+1.940 4(R~2=0.518 7)或指数方程y=1.082 7 e~(0.065 4 x)(R~2=0.516 4);40年生樟子松的东方位和北方位可用幂指数模型拟合,分别为y=0.196 5 x~(1.077 2)(R~2=0.476 8)和y=0.029 1 x~(1.748 8)(R~2=0.785 5),南、西方位的相关关系可用指数模型拟合,表达式分别为y=0.673 e~(0.104 7 x)(R~2=0.750 4)和y=0.455 8 e ~(0.123 84 x)(R~2=0.934 6)。不同年龄边材宽度显著差异,可以反映其生长状况、水分利用对策、物质生产等方面的特征。     

Experimental determination and modeling of equilibrium moisture content from the sapwood of Mexican pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pseudostrobus</Emphasis> Lindl.)

A desorption isotherm is a very important basis in the understanding of drying process. In this study, the desorption isotherms from the sapwood of Mexican pine (Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.) were determined by the gravimetric method (discontinuous control of sample weight) at 30℃ and 50℃. The salt method was used in the range of water activities from 0.11 to 0.89. The results show that the desorption ability of Mexican pine sapwood increased with temperature at a given relative humidity. The experimental data was further simulated with the models, i.e., BET, GAB, Oswin and Henderson models. The GAB, Oswin and Henderson models allow the representation of the entire desorption isotherms. The BET model showed a better fit for water activity lower than 0.35, with a mean relative deviation of 0.0286 at 30℃ and 0.0167 at 50℃. Simultaneously, the BET model gave a better representation of moisture content in the monolayer saturation region. Overall, the GAB model ensured the best simulation of the entire isotherm, while the Henderson model displayed the worst simulation.     

Photodiscoloration of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) sapwood III Early stage of photodiscoloration reaction with lignans

The reaction during the early stage of photodiscoloration of constituents in western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf. Sarg., Pinaceae] sapwood was investigated with chemical methods. The main photodiscoloring constituents, hydroxymatairesinol, allohydroxymatairesinol, -conidendrin, and oxomatairesinol, were used as substrates for light-irradiation experiments in vitro. The structures of photodiscoloration reaction products were elucidated by isolation and instrumental analyses and/or co-high-performance liquid chromatography analyses with authentic specimens. The experiment was undertaken to distinguish each series of liquid phases using chloroform, water (both including a trace of methanol), and methanol, and the solid phase. The reaction products allohydroxymatairesi (2), oxomatairesinol (3), -conidendrin (4), allo-7-methoxymatairesinol (5), 7-methoxymatairesinol (6), and vanillin (7) were isolated or detected in the reaction mixture of a hydroxymatairesinol system. The reaction products hydroxymatairesinol (1), 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were confirmed in the reaction system of allohydroxymatairesinol, which was an epimer of hydroxymatairesinol. Product 3 was confirmed from the -conidendrin system, and reaction product 7 was confirmed from oxomatairesinol. The photodiscoloration reaction of western hemlock sapwood could be initiated by the formation of phenoxy radicals from the respective constituents. The reaction was then presumed to progress via formation of a quinonemethide intermediate in many of them. It was suggested that the reactive species, such as phenoxy radical or quinonemethide intermediate, formed by lightirradiation might be converted to quinone derivatives and colored oligomers. Products 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, formed from substrates such as hydroxymatairesinol, allohydroxymatairesinol, -conidendrin, and oxomatairesinol, were the same as the original metabolic constituents of western hemlock. Therefore it was concluded that the photodiscoloration of western hemlock depends not on the quantitative level of a few respective metabolites but, rather, on the coexistence of many metabolites.Part of this paper was presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of Japan Wood Research Society at Kumamoto, April 1996     

Density measurements in Pinus sylvestris sawlogs combining X-ray and three-dimensional scanning

Abstract

Wood density is an important quality variable, closely related to the mechanical properties of the wood. Precise wood density measurements in the log sorting would enable density sorting of logs for products such as strength-graded wood and finger-jointed wood. Density sorting of logs would also give more homogeneous drying properties and thus improve the quality of the final products. By compensating the radiographs from an X-ray log scanner for the varying path lengths using outer shape data from a three-dimensional (3D) scanner, it is possible to make precise estimates of both green and dry density. Measurements on simulated industrial data were compared with densities measured in computed tomographic (CT) images for 560 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) logs. It was found that green sapwood density could be measured with predictability R ²=0.65 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 25 kg m^?3. Green and dry heartwood densities were measured with similar precision: R ²=0.79 and RMSE=32 kg m^?3 for green density and R ²=0.83 and RMSE=32 kg m^?3 for dry density.