药用植物红大戟快速繁殖技术研究

对药用植物红大戟快速繁殖的研究进行了详细对比分析,指出在不同快速繁殖方法中存在的问题和不足,提出与快速繁殖关键技术相关的建议,为红大戟种质资源保护和规范化种植奠定理论基础。     

红叶石楠营养钵扦插繁殖技术

以红叶石楠为试材,选取生长粗壮、半木质化1 a生枝条,进行春季和秋季扦插,对插穗用“国光生根粉”进行蘸根处理,采用一个营养钵扦插2～3个插穗的育苗技术.基本上10～12个月即可达到出圃要求,成活率可达92％～98％,高度可以达到50～80 cm,有5～8个分枝,并有一定的冠幅,苗齐苗壮,根系发达,带钵移栽根系完整,不伤苗,保水保肥,便于长途运输,移栽后相对于未使用营养钵育苗的成活率可提高10％～20％,且生长速度快.价高易销,上市很受欢迎.     

Teasing apart socially‐induced infertility in non‐reproductive female Damaraland mole‐rats,Fukomys damarensis (Rodentia: Bathyergidae)

The Damaraland mole‐rat is a subterranean mammal exhibiting extreme reproductive skew with a single reproductive female in each colony responsible for procreation. Non‐reproductive female colony members are physiologically suppressed while in the colony, exhibiting reduced concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and a decreased response of the pituitary, as measured by the release of bioactive LH, to an exogenous dose of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). Removal of the reproductive female from the colony results in an elevation of LH and an enhanced response of the pituitary to a GnRH challenge in non‐reproductive females comparable to reproductive females, implying control of reproduction in these individuals by the reproductive female. The Damaraland mole‐rat is an ideal model for investigating the physiological and behavioral mechanisms that regulate the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis. In contrast, we know less about the control of reproduction at the level of the hypothalamus. The immunohistochemistry of the GnRH system of both reproductive and non‐reproductive female Damaraland mole‐rats has revealed no significant differences with respect to morphology, distribution or numbers of immunoreactive GnRH perikarya. We examined whether the endogenous opioid peptide beta‐endorphin was responsible for the inhibition of the release of the GnRH from the neurons indirectly by measuring LH concentrations in these non‐reproductive females following single, hourly and 8 hourly injections of the opioid antagonist naloxone. The results imply that the endogenous opioid peptide, beta‐endorphin, is not responsible for the inhibition of GnRH release from the perikarya in non‐reproductive females. Preliminary data examining the circulating levels of cortisol also do not support a role for circulating glucocorticoids. The possible role of kisspeptin is discussed.     

Hybridization among Epimedium (Berberidaceae) species native to China

The hybridization of fourteen plant populations belonging to seven Epimedium species native to China was studied by self-cross, infra-population cross, inter-population cross within species, and interspecific cross. Self-pollination studies on nine populations indicated high incompatibility; capsule-set rates were higher than zero in only three (4.61–6.76%). Interspecific cross-pollinations demonstrated high crossabilities in most cross combination (15.38–92.44% capsule-set rate), and the F₁ seeds possessed high germination rates (>20%). The F₁ hybrids of three interspecific cross combinations were raised to maturity. The morphology, karyomorphology of somatic cells, and pollen mother cell (PMC) meiosis of these F₁ plants revealed that they were all highly fertile (>76.10% in pollen viability), that there were few structural differences in chromosomes among species, and that most PMCs had 6 bivalents at MI. Abnormal chromosomal behaviors occurred in a minority, including chromosome bridges, unequal segregation of chromosome number, lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei. A series of experimental crosses provided strong evidence for an outbreeding system and a weak internal barrier to hybridizations in the taxa studied.     

Stand structure and the regeneration ofChamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. on sites with different soil development in an old-growth coniferous forest, central Japan

Stand structure and the regeneration ofChamaecyparis pisifera on sites with and without well-developed soil in an old-growth coniferous forest, Akasawa Forest Reserve, central Japan, were investigated, along with their relationships to other important coniferous species. Of stems ofC. pisifera≥5 cm diameter at breast height, stems with intermediate size were absent in stands on the developed-soil site, while those with smaller size increased in stands on the undeveloped-soil site, which supported a higher density ofC. pisifera. In the stands without recent tree-fall of canopy stems on the developed-soil site, canopy stems ofC. pisifera were distributed uniformly and the understory stems, patchily. On the other hand, both canopy and understory stems ofC. pisifera in stands on the undeveloped-soil site were distributed patchily. In the understory,C. pisifera occurred as clonal patches formed by vegetative reproduction on various types of microsites including bare rocks. However, the clonal patches did not occur in a stand on the developed-soil site with dense saplings of an evergreen conifer,Thujopsis dolabrata, which can expand vegetatively with a well developed soil layer. Gap formation may induceC. pisifera to develop tree-form stems from shrubby clonal patches. On developed-soil sites,C. pisifera stands that survive a long disturbance-free period on this site need catastrophic disturbance for their regeneration, which will eliminateT. dolabrata in the understory and create bare soil for colonization ofC. pisifera from seeds. On undeveloped-soil sites,C. pisifera replaces itself continuously by effective vegetative reproduction. Ground instability and the wet condition of this site may promote the replacement.     

榕小蜂传粉行为对其繁殖的影响

在西双版纳热带雨林中,对叶榕的传粉榕小蜂不同运载花粉的过程对寄主榕果和自身后代的繁殖都有影响.传粉榕小蜂主动为对叶榕传粉,在雌株上的榕果内,榕小蜂传粉使雌花受精发育成种子,榕小蜂不能在雌果中繁衍后代;在雄株上的榕果里,只有雄花和榕小蜂寄生的雌花,而不能产生种子.从雄花期榕果内出来的传粉榕小蜂雌蜂,飞到其它雄树上寻找雌花期的榕果产卵繁殖后代,经过飞翔的一只雌蜂在一个榕果内制造瘿花353.93±91.72朵,最终发育到成虫期的榕小蜂数量为每果283.28±101.42只,平均瘿花率和成蜂率分别是0.26和0.81.通过控制实验阻断繁殖雌蜂的飞行过程,一只雌蜂在一个榕果内可制造瘿花446.74±60.06朵,完成发育的榕小蜂数量是386.15±87.46只,平均瘿花率和成蜂率分别是0.31和0.88.显然,飞行运载花粉的代价直接减少了传粉榕小蜂繁育后代的数量.     

速生杨树无性系丰产育苗技术研究

将筛选出的JP15、JP13和JP7共3个杨树无性系进行育苗试验，结果看出：①3个杨树无性系其生长期均比对照长1～2个月；②扦插成活率除JP7较差外、JP15与JP13均高于对照，达95％以上；③在育苗密度上，以40cm×60cm为最好，不仅苗木整齐，且壮苗合格率达80％以上。在试验基础上，总结出一套杨树快繁技术措施。     

昆明地区昭觉林蛙种群的繁殖研究

2004年10月～2006年12月观察了昆明地区昭觉林蛙(Rana chaochiaoensis)的产卵期、产卵量、孵化时间、孵化率以及蝌蚪期持续时间等.结果显示,昆明地区昭觉林蛙的产卵期为每年10～11月;产卵量平均为1 859.92粒·团-1;完成胚胎发育期全过程需8～9d;蝌蚪孵化率达99%以上;蝌蚪期持续时间为6个月,Ⅰ期蝌蚪发育历时130d,Ⅱ期蝌蚪发育需42d,从蝌蚪进入第Ⅲ期到观察超过50%的幼蛙登陆为10d左右.昭觉林蛙繁殖时对产卵场的选择条件为足够的水域面积、水温和丰富的水草.     

黑杨派杨树组培再生系统的研究

建立高效杨树组培再生系统，为杨树良种选育、遗传转化等研究，提供材料和基础手段。采用1／2MS基本培养基，通过不同外植体获得无菌苗，经培养基配方筛选，获得继代和生根苗，再选取组培苗的不同部位为材料，分别诱导形成再生植株，优化成高效的黑杨派杨树组培再生系统。     

环境再生产与森林生态效益补偿

1　立论的着力点林业发展过程中 ,生态与经济的矛盾、森林利用与环境保护之间的矛盾、国家利益与森林经营者个人利益之间的矛盾、生态系统恢复和森林可持续经营过程中巨大的资金需求与供给严重不足的矛盾随处可见 ,上述矛盾相互交织已经严重影响到林业产业的健康发展 ,影响到森林资源的有效保护和生态环境的维持与改善。因此 ,综合采取技术、经济、管理、法律等手段从根本上解决生态环境保护和建设中所带来的矛盾和困难已经刻不容缓。其中建立森林生态效益补偿制度 ,理顺和协调森林所有者、经营者与受益者的利益关系 ,为林业发展提供稳定的…