重组生长素对大鼠胃蛋白酶和质子泵活性的影响

研究生长素对大鼠胃蛋白酶和质子泵活性的影响。取10只刚断乳大鼠,随机分为试验组和对照组。预饲5d后,给试验组大鼠腿部肌肉注射重组生长素,试验29d。试验结束后处死大鼠,分离胃,称重,取胃粘膜组织测定质子泵活性和胃蛋白酶活性。结果发现试验组大鼠质子泵和胃蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组,提示Ghrelin可以促进对胃外分泌功能具有重要的调节作用。     

高铜日粮对生长猪胃底腺Ghrelin分泌的影响

选用军牧1号断乳仔猪45头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头,采用完全随机化设计进行生长试验,研究了不同来源(硫酸铜和蛋氨酸铜)和不同添加水平(5、125 mg/kg)的高铜日粮对猪胃底腺Ghrelin分泌的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加125 mg/kg硫酸铜和125 mg/kg蛋氨酸铜组平均日增重、绝对增重、平均采食量均显著提高(P<0.05),而不同铜源间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组胃底腺Ghrelin mRNA水平显著提高(P<0.05);血液胃泌素含量显著增加(P<0.01),并且Ghrelin mRNA水平与血液胃泌素含量呈显著正相关关系。提示高铜可促进生长猪胃底腺Ghrelin的分泌,胃泌素的分泌与胃底腺区Ghrelin的基因表达有关。     

Ghrelin stimulates myogenic differentiation in a mouse muscle satellite cell line and in primary cultures of bovine myoblasts

Ghrelin is an acylated hormone that influences food intake, energy metabolism and reproduction, among others. Ghrelin may also stimulate proliferating myoblast cell differentiation and multinucleated myotube fusion. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of human ghrelin (hGHRL) and human ghrelin fragment 1-18 (hGHRL1-18) on myoblast differentiation by means of mRNA expression and protein level. Two types of cells were tested, the cell line i28 obtained from mouse skeletal muscle and primary cultures of bovine myoblasts. Both ghrelin and its N-terminal fragment hGHRL1-18 were used at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nm. Treatments were applied to pre-confluent cultures and were maintained for 4 days. We determined that between 0.1 and 100 nm, hGHRL and hGRHL1-18 had similar effects on myogenic differentiation of i28 cells (p < 0.01). On the other hand, only the higher concentrations (10 and 100 nm) of hGHRL stimulated bovine myoblast differentiation. These results could be attributed to the presence, in both i28 cells and in bovine myoblasts, of the mRNA for GHS-R1a and CD36 receptors. The use of ghrelin in livestock production is still questionable because of the limited effects shown in this study, and additional research is needed in this field.     

Identification and expression analysis of ghrelin gene in common carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   A ghrelin gene has been cloned and sequenced in common carp Cyprinus carpio . Ghrelin cDNA is composed of 461 bp [with a 36-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and a 113-bp 3'-UTR], which translates into a protein of 103 amino acid residues. Carp ghrelin (preproghrelin) contained a predicted signal peptide of 26 amino acid residues, the ghrelin domain ( Gly ²⁷– Val ⁴⁵) and C-terminal peptide ( Gly ⁴⁶– Phe ¹⁰³). Homology analysis of the ghrelin domain of carp with that of other known ghrelin in vertebrates showed good similarity to teleost ghrelin (50–81.8%). Hydropathy analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of ghrelin domains in teleosts showed a similar profile. Carp ghrelin clustered with ghrelin of goldfish Carassius auratus and other teleosts, away from mammalian, reptilian, avian, amphibian and chondrichthian ghrelin, by phylogenetic analysis. Genomic organization of carp ghrelin gene was composed of four exons and three introns, which was the same as that of other teleosts and human ghrelin genes. The carp ghrelin gene was expressed in unstimulated tissues such as foregut, hindgut, spleen and brain. In spleen cells, expression of the ghrelin gene increased upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or imiquimod. The identification of carp ghrelin gene and the analysis of the modulation of its expression in immune-activated conditions will allow a more complete analysis of the roles of ghrelin in teleosts.     

Ghrelin促生长机理的研究进展

垂体分泌的生长激素 (GH)是调节整个机体生长代谢的一种多功能激素。关于GH分泌调节的研究一直是营养学界研究的热点。最近在生长激素促释放素 (growthhormonesecretagogues,GHSs)对GH分泌调节的研究过程中发现的活性肽ghrelin对GH、胃酸的分泌 ,采食量的调节等方面起重要作用 ,本文将综述有关ghrelin的最新研究进展     

Ghrelin调节采食量的研究进展

Ghrelin是从人和大鼠的胃中分离出来的,作为生长激素促分泌素受体的内源性配体,具有促进生长激素(GH)的分泌、增加胃肠蠕动、调节神经内分泌、消化代谢和能量稳态等功能。此外,Ghrelin通过激活下丘脑弓状核中的神经肽Y(NPY)/刺鼠基因相关蛋白(AgRP)神经元,刺激食欲素(Orexin)等激素的释放调节摄食。文章就Ghrelin调节采食、消化代谢、与其他采食因子的关系等进行综述。     

反向嵌套PCR技术扩增驯鹿Ghrelin cDNA 5′末端序列

为了研究Ghrelin在驯鹿生长发育过程中的作用和功能,以驯鹿为研究对象,采用反向嵌套PCR RACE技术原理,根据已知的序列设计1条5′末端磷酸化的特异性反转录引物和2对特异性反向嵌套PCR引物,首先进行反转录(RT),然后将反转录成的cDNA进行环化,最后进行反向嵌套巢式PCR,成功地扩增了驯鹿Ghrelin cDNA 5′末端序列。与锚定PCR相比,反向嵌套PCR法具有特异性强、扩增效率高等优点,是一种非常有效的扩增cDNA 5′末端序列的方法。     

ghrelin对生殖系统的调节作用

ghrelin是新近发现的一个含有28个氨基酸残基的多肽,是生长激素促分泌素受体(GHS-R)的天然配体,除具有调节GH分泌和能量平衡的功能之外,尚有其他许多功能。近年来体外或体内试验研究表明,ghrelin对生殖激素如LH、PRL具有一定的调节作用;另外,ghrelin及其受体系统广泛存在于生殖系统中。提示这一新发现的激素可能对生殖系统具有重要的调节作用。文章就ghrelin对生殖系统调节作用的研究进展加以综述。     

Effects of 5'-uridylic acid feeding on postprandial plasma concentrations of metabolites and metabolic hormones in pre-weaning goats

5'-Uridylic acid (UMP), which is present at high concentrations in cow's colostrum, has been shown to cause a reduction in increased plasma levels of insulin and glucose after ingestion of milk replacer in pre-weaning calves. However, the precise mechanisms of UMP action have not been investigated, and its action has not been investigated in other pre-weaning ruminants. In order to demonstrate whether UMP causes changes in postprandial metabolic and hormonal parameters in pre-weaning goats, 11 Saanen kids were given milk replacer (twice a day) without ( n  = 5) or with ( n  = 6) UMP (1 g for each meal, 2 g/day for each head) for 14 days. Analysis of blood samples taken in the morning of day 14 demonstrated that the feeding of milk replacer with UMP abolished the significant changes in postprandial plasma glucose, NEFA, GH and insulin concentrations induced by feeding of milk replacer alone, and demonstrated a tendency to increase IGF-I levels. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at any sampling time. We conclude that UMP feeding with milk replacer showed a tendency to blunt the postprandial changes in levels of some plasma metabolites and hormones that are induced by replacer alone in pre-weaning goats.     

GHRL基因5'侧翼区多态性对鸡生长和屠体性状的影响

【目的】分析GHRL基因5′侧翼区变异与鸡生长和屠体性状的相关性。【方法】以杏花鸡×隐性白洛克鸡F2代资源群体和2个随机群体为材料,利用PCR产物直接测序方法鉴别GHRL基因5′侧翼区包括A-2220C位点在内的6个SNPs在群体中的多态性,构建单倍型,分析各SNP基因型和单倍型与鸡生长、屠体性状,以及与腺胃GHRL基因mRNA表达量和血浆GHRL活性蛋白含量的相关性,对鸡GHRL基因5′侧翼区的A-2220C位点进行凝胶阻滞电泳,以探讨该区段对基因转录的作用。【结果】标记-性状关联分析表明A-2220C仅与初生重显著相关(P<0.05),AA基因型个体初生重大于CC和AC基因型个体,差异显著(P<0.05);C-2399Del与56日龄体重、0—4周日增重、胸肌重、翅重显著相关(P<0.05),C Del基因型杂合子优势明显,与其它基因型差异显著(P<0.05)。构建单倍型分析表明单倍型分别与42日龄体重、70日龄体重、0—4周日增重、4—8周日增重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重和胸肉重显著相关(P<0.05);与初生重、21日体重、28日体重、35日体重、49日龄体重、56日龄体重、宰前活重等极显著相关(P...