农民用水协会在基层灌区管理中的作用及存在的问题

对近年昌吉州灌区协会发挥的作用进行了分析,并就目前存在的主要问题进行了讨论,以期促进基层灌区的管理。     

Characterizing Farmer Users and Nonusers of Mass Media as Channels of Agricultural Information in Benue State,Nigeria

This study characterized farmer users and nonusers of mass media as channels of agricultural information. A structured interview was used to obtain data from 316 randomly selected farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. The data were subjected to discriminant analysis and the following socioeconomic characteristics significantly differed at a 5% level of probability between users and nonusers of mass media (and their F-ratio values): education (6.30), income (5.12), gender (4.84), and socioeconomic status (4.83). Farmer users of mass media are therefore those who have good level of education, belong to a relatively high income bracket, and are typically male and of a relatively high socioeconomic status. Farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics should be considered in planning mass media usage in agricultural information dissemination.     

土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的影响效应及机制分析 ——以湖北省部分县市为例

研究土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的影响，对科学研判土地综合整治的实践效应、实现农户生计的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于湖北省部分县市的农户调研数据，运用双重差分模型探讨土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的影响效应。基准回归结果表明，土地综合整治可促使农户生计脆弱性显著降低，并显著提高其生计恢复力和生计韧性，且多种检验均显示研究结果稳健。异质性分析发现，土地综合整治对不同类型农户生计韧性的提升作用呈现“低收入—低依赖”>“高收入—低依赖”>“低收入—高依赖”>“高收入—高依赖”的分异特征，还受到地貌类型差异的影响，平原地区土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的提升效果大于丘陵地区。因此，土地综合整治应遵循“以人为本、夯实民生”的发展理念，树立统筹协调的系统治理观，全面优化农地功能与效能，构建低环境风险、良性运转的土地可持续利用格局，坚持“输血”与“造血”并举，因地制宜挖潜区域产业特色，才能有效降低农户生计脆弱性、增强其内生发展动力，实现农户生计的韧性发展。     

农民有序政治参与存在的问题及成因探析

农民有序政治参与能使农村民主得以健全，巩固党的执政基础，是我国民主政治建设的重要目标和方向。随着我国改革开放和政治经济体制改革的不断深入，农民政治参与的能力与水平也在不断提高，逐渐走向有序化。但由于制约因素多，现阶段农民有序政治参与同构建和谐农村的要求仍有较大差距。在阐述农民有序政治参与对构建社会主义和谐社会的意义基础上，重点分析了当前我国农民有序政治参与存在的问题及成因，以促进和谐乡村建设的发展。     

Weed control in conservation agriculture systems of Zimbabwe: Identifying economical best strategies

Weed management under conservation agriculture (CA), especially when manually controlled is one of the major setbacks for the widespread adoption of CA in southern Africa. This study was conducted at three on-station and three on-farm sites: CIMMYT-Harare, Domboshawa Training Centre and Henderson Research Station (on-station sites), Hereford farm, Madziva communal area and Shamva communal area (on-farm sites). The evaluation focused on the effect of initial herbicide application and succeeding manual weeding whenever weeds were 10 cm tall or 10 cm in length for grasses with stoloniferous–rhizomatous growth habit. Weeds counts, weeding time and grain yields were collected at all on-station sites. At the on-farm sites, weed counts were done before weeding and a number of farmers were timed during weeding. The results showed that herbicides use reduced the weed density and time taken on weeding at all sites. Combining herbicides e.g. atrazine, glyphosate and metalachlor had the lowest weed density and weeding time at all sites. However, the treatments had no effect on maize grain yields suggesting that appropriate and timely manual weeding reduced crop/weed competition. Herbicides treatments had higher input costs than manual weeding due to the additional cost of herbicide but the treatment with manual weeding only had more overall labour days compared to the mixture of three herbicides. In order to achieve economic benefits, smallholder farmers may use the time for value addition e.g. expand cropped land area, use time for value addition, or sell new products on the market. Herbicides use reduces the manual labour needed to control weeds and minimise total crop failure due to untimely weeding hence, herbicides are an important but not the only weed control option under CA systems in Zimbabwe.     

民营橡胶发展提升探析

民营橡胶是我国天然橡胶产业的重要力量和区域特色产业的重要组成部分。本文探讨分析目前民营橡胶生产发展中存在的科学植胶意识不强，胶园生产能力偏低，技术力量薄弱，橡胶树病虫害防控能力不强，民营橡胶产品质量有待提高等问题。提出通过树立科学的植胶观念，增强科学植胶意识，加强橡胶树先进适用技术的集成配套及推广应用，采取多种形式增强民营橡胶技术力量，增强民营橡胶自身病虫害防控能力，提高民营橡胶产品质量水平等途径，提升民营橡胶整体发展质量水平和市场竞争能力。     

关于桦甸市农业政策性保险的调查及思考

实践证明,实施农业政策性保险在化解农业生产风险,增强风险防御能力,确保农业生产安全,提高财政支农资金效率等方面具有重要作用。特别是对于桦甸市这样一个具有丰富资源,发展潜力巨大的县级城市而言,深入开展农业政策性保险,对于调整农户种植结构,调动农民生产积极性,促进农业增资和推进新农村建设都具有重要意义。     

构建八大平台 打造数字农民——绍兴市农业信息工作的实践与思考

近年来,浙江省绍兴市农业部门本着服务基层、服务三农的宗旨,积极构建农技服务、灾情预报、电子商务、农民培训、政策服务、政务监督、村务公开、生活服务等八大信息化平台,有效提升了农业信息化水平。为进一步发展绍兴农业信息化工作,全面打造数字农民,促进农业现代化和新农村建设,应在推进综合信息平台建设、拓展深化网络系统功能、健全多元投入建设机制、加强队伍建设宣传教育等四方面做好工作。     

城市化进程中失地农民问题的思考与对策

随着我国城市化进程的加快,越来越多的农村人口变成了城市人口,导致数以千万计的农民失去了自己的土地,一些地方农民的利益没有得到很好的保障,使处于新生存环境的农民面临着被"边缘化"的危险.失地农民问题是我国城市化进程中出现的新问题,是一个事关我国城市化能否实现可持续发展和整个社会改革发展稳定的大问题.为此,从我国征地补偿标准过低、征地程序不完善和政府角色错位在征地过程中存在失范行为等视角探悉我国城市化进程中农村征地存在的问题,以寻求解决之道.     

南京牛首农副产品合作社专题调研的思考

农民专业合作经济组织是由从事同类农产品生产经营的农民自愿组织起来．在农业生产经营的产前、产中、产后等环节实行资金、技术、信息、生产、供销等互助合作与服务的经济组织，是市场经济条件下，农民进行自我服务、自我发展、自我保护的一种行之有效的组织形式。在对南京牛首农副产品合作社进行专题调研的基础上，拟从南京牛首农副产品合作社的实践分析入手，提出进一步发展壮大江宁区农民专业合作经济组织对策和建议。