温敏型核雄性不育系番茄T4育性的研究

以温敏型核雄性不育系番茄T4及对照First为试材,通过调查花粉发芽率、自交结实率、果实种子数以及采用Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳方法分析叶片及花药蛋白质的变化,研究T4的育性转化,并分析其在可育和不育条件下花粉发芽率、自交结实率、果实种子数、叶片及花药蛋白质的差异。结果表明：28 ℃/18 ℃（昼/夜）处理的T4花粉发芽率、自交结实率最高,果实种子数最多,与对照First差异不显著,表明此时T4恢复部分育性|28 ℃/24 ℃和28 ℃/12 ℃处理的T4花粉发芽率、自交结实率和果实种子数与对照差异均达到极显著水平,表现为不育。不同温度处理的T4花药蛋白质与叶片蛋白质差异均达到显著水平|28 ℃/24 ℃和28 ℃/12 ℃处理的T4叶片蛋白质与对照差异显著,但28 ℃/18 ℃处理的差异不明显。     

日光温室番茄畦上覆膜沟灌增产和节水效果分析

以番茄品种东圣1号为试材,以传统沟灌为对照,研究了畦上覆膜沟灌(膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌)对番茄生长、产量及水分生产效率的影响。结果表明:在灌水量减少的情况下,膜上沟灌保持根区0～40cm土层墒情的能力高于其他灌溉方式;膜下沟灌更有利于番茄的生长发育,植株长势较好,并且较传统沟灌显著增产11.34%;相对于传统沟灌,膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌分别节约灌溉用水31.33%和27.00%,水分生产效率提高50%以上。     

北京市平谷地区番茄枯萎病病原鉴定

对采集于北京市平谷地区的番茄枯萎病病株进行病原菌的分离、纯化,并进行病原菌的形态学观察与分子生物学技术诊断鉴定。结果表明:北京平谷地区番茄枯萎病主要由尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)侵染所致,另外也可能存在串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)的复合侵染。     

不同番茄品种氮素吸收利用的差异

以吉林省市场上常见的25个番茄品种为材料,研究了同一氮素水平不同番茄品种氮素吸收利用差异。结果表明：番茄总吸氮量和氮素利用效率的变幅分别为262.8～460.1 kg?hm-2和281～526 kg?kg-1。聚类分析表明,吸氮能力较弱、氮素利用效率较高、产量高的品种有4个：朝研219、瑞琦1号、四季粉红、佳粉19,产量平均值为145 754 kg?hm-2。相关分析及通径分析表明,总吸氮量与番茄产量呈显著正相关,并对提高番茄产量起主导作用。     

番茄新品种金冠六号的选育

金冠六号是以06-441为母本,06-504为父本育成的早熟番茄新品种.无限生长型,生育期110天左右,平均单果质量200 g左右,可溶性固形物含量4.5%左右.果实扁圆形,粉红色,酸甜适口,果实硬度高,耐贮运,商品性好.抗病毒病和叶霉病,耐低温弱光能力强,适于保护地栽培.     

抗番茄黄化卷叶病毒番茄新品种‘科大204’

 ‘科大204’ 番茄是以优良自交系‘TP025-2’为母本,‘869-1’为父本杂交育成的抗番茄黄化卷叶病毒的新品种。生长势强,无限生长类型,7 ~ 8片真叶着生第一花序。果实扁圆形,单果质量200 ~ 250 g,成熟果粉红色,中等硬度,口感好,品质优良。抗番茄黄化卷叶病毒,兼抗枯萎病、叶霉病和TMV。中早熟,平均产量121.8 t · hm-2,适宜北方保护地早春和秋延后栽培。     

Reuse of domestic wastewater treated in macrophyte ponds to irrigate tomato and eggplant in semi-arid West-Africa: Benefits and risks

The scarcity of freshwater resources is a critical problem in semi-arid zones and marginal quality water is increasingly being used in agriculture. This paper aimed at evaluating the physico-chemical and biological risks on irrigated soils and fruits of macrophyte treated wastewater (TWW), the nutrients supply, and the effect on tomato and eggplant production in semi-arid Burkina Faso. During three years of experiments, treated wastewater was used, with fresh water as control, in combination with or without mineral fertilizer application at recommended rate (140 kg N/ha + 180 kg P₂O₅/ha + 180 kg K₂O/ha). The study revealed that the treated wastewater provided variable nutrients supply depending on year and element. The treated wastewater without mineral fertilizer improved eggplant yield (40% in average) compared to the freshwater. Both crops responded better to mineral fertilizer (52% for tomato and 82% for eggplant) and the effects of the treated wastewater and fertilizer were additive. As the N supply of TWW was very unsteady (8-227% of crop need), and P₂O₅ supply did not satisfy in whole crop need (3-58%) during any of the three years of experiment, we recommended that moderate N and P₂O₅ fertilizers be applied when irrigating with TWW in semi-arid West-Africa. On the contrary, the K₂O supply was more steady and close to crop requirement (78-126%) over the three years of experiment and no addition of K fertilizer may be needed when irrigated with TWW. Faecal coliforms and helminth eggs were observed in treated wastewater and irrigated soils at rate over the FAO and WHO recommended limits for vegetable to be eaten uncooked. Tomato fruits were observed to be faecal coliform contaminated with the direct on-foliage irrigation with treated wastewater. Our results indicate that treated wastewater can effectively be used as both nutrients source and crop water supply in market gardening in the semi-arid Sub-Saharan West Africa (SSWA) where freshwater and farm income are limiting. Yet consumers should properly cook or disinfect treated-wastewater irrigated vegetables before eating, and market gardeners should also be careful manipulating treated wastewater to avoid direct health contamination in this environment.     

Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments

In order to investigate better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato under limit water supply, two experiments of different irrigation treatments were conducted in the arid region of northwest China during spring to summer in 2008 (2008 season) and winter in 2008 to summer in 2009 (2008-2009 season). After measuring single quality attributes, the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) were used to determine the weight of single quality attributes and comprehensive quality index, respectively. The results show that the rank of comprehensive quality index had good fitness to that of single quality attributes, indicating that the comprehensive quality index was reliable. Compared to full irrigation, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the seedling stage had slight improvement of comprehensive quality and limit water saving. Applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the fruit maturation and harvesting stage decreased the yield by 23.0-40.9%, but had the best comprehensive quality. However, applying 1/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly reduced crop water consumption and had obvious improvement of comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly and water use efficiency in the 2008 season. And applying 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly decreased crop water consumption and slightly improved the comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly in the 2008-2009 season. Considering the water saving amount, yield and comprehensive quality, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage and no water stress in other growth stages appears to be a better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato, which can be recommended for the spring to summer and winter to summer seasons in the arid region of northwest China.     

Effect of soil matric potential on tomato yield and water use under drip irrigation condition

Field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of soil matric potential (SMP) on tomato yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under drip irrigation condition in North China Plain. The experiment included five treatments, which controlled SMP at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter higher than −10 (S1), −20 (S2), −30 (S3), −40 (S4) and −50 kPa (S5), respectively, after tomato plant establishment. The results showed that different SMP affected irrigation amount and tomato ET. Irrigation amount decreased from 185 mm (S1) to 83.6 mm (S5) in 2004, and from 165 mm (S1) to 109 mm (S5) in 2005, respectively. The ET decreased from 270 mm (S1) to 202 mm (S5) in both years. However, it was found that SMP did not affect the tomato yield significantly, for the range of SMP investigated. Both WUE and IWUE increased as SMP decreased. The maximum WUE (253 and 217 kg/ha mm) and IWUE (620 and 406 kg/ha mm) were for S5 in 2 years, whereas the minimum WUE (178 and 155 kg/ha mm) and IWUE 261 and 259 kg/ha mm) were for S1 in 2004 and 2005. Based on the above results, therefore, it is recommended that if the tomatoes are well irrigated (SMP is higher than −20 kPa) during establishment, controlling SMP higher than −50 kPa at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter can be used as an indicator for drip irrigation scheduling during following period of tomato growth in North China Plain.     

番茄疮痂病生物防治研究进展

番茄疮痂病是世界范围内普遍发生的一种细菌性病害,主要为害番茄和辣椒,严重影响其产量与品质。本文综述了国内外利用植物根际促生菌(PGPR)、突变菌株(Mutant)、噬菌体(Phage)、其他生防菌及活性剂等生防因子防治番茄疮痂病的研究进展,并对该病害生物防治存在的问题和发展前景进行了探讨。