烟草叶碟吸收春雷霉素机理初探

能被植物主动吸收转运的农药具有优良的应用特性,氨基糖苷类抗生素能被细菌主动吸收转运,为初步探明此类抗生素在植物体的吸收转运机理,本文研究了烟草叶碟对春雷霉素的吸收机理。结果显示,烟草叶碟能逆浓度梯度吸收春雷霉素,且吸收速度可被能量抑制剂——氰化羰基间氯苯腙(CCCP)抑制,表明春雷霉素能被烟草叶碟主动吸收,其酶促吸收的动力学参数为:Km=1.53 mmol/L;Vmax=1.62 nmol/(h.mg)。     

Mineral composition of tobacco leaf samples part I: As affected by soil fertility,variety, and leaf position

Abstract

Three tobacco varieties were grown under four soil fertility conditions. Leaf samples were taken at bloom stage from upper and lower positions and analyzed for eleven elements. Results show how leaf position and variety affect leaf mineral composition with variable soil conditions. Therefore, variety and leaf position should be clearly defined before leaf nutrient levels can have a suitable degree of diagnostic value. However, variety differences were of less importance because nutrient concentration differences were generally related to appropriate changes in yield measurements.     

烤烟品种比较试验的小区边际效应研究

[目的]保证烤烟小区试验的代表性和科学性。[方法]通过小区试验对烤烟品种比较试验的小区边际效应进行研究。[结果]各品种除产量不存在边行优势外,上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、烟叶外观质量、烟叶评吸质量等4个指标均存在不同程度的优势;边行优势最大值分别为9.4%、3.9%、11.6%和10.4%。边行优势存在一定的品种间差异性,综合分析,中烟103受优势影响最大,边际效应为10.9%,云烟87受优势影响最小,边际效应为9.1%。[结论]边际效应直接影响各个材料产量的高低及品质的排名,在烤烟品种比较试验中要通过适当扩大小区面积和选取内行植株调查来避免小区边际效应对结果的影响。     

关于我国烟叶基地建设与发展探讨

阐述了我国烟叶基地建设的背景及必要性,对烟叶基地建设的现状及取得的成效进行了总结,提出了基础建设过程中存的问题,并有针对性地提出了相应的对策。     

密集烤房群应用烟气处理系统的研究

[目的]降低密集烤房群的颗粒物和二氧化硫排放量,减少其对环境的污染。[方法]在密集烤房群建造烟气处理系统,通过管道连接将烤房烟囱排放的烟气输送到除尘脱硫塔中,使烟气先进行碱水净化处理,然后再排放到大气中。[结果]试验表明,处理后的烟气中的颗粒物排放浓度(59.75 mg/m3)较处理前(156.35 mg/m3)减少了96.65 mg/m3,减幅为61.82%;SO2排放浓度(7 193.5 mg/m3)较处理前(9 062.9 mg/m3)减少了1 869.4 mg/m3,减幅为20.63%。[结论]烟叶密集烤房的烟气经除尘脱硫装置处理后,颗粒物和SO2的排放浓度大幅降低,有利于环境保护。     

Analysis of Some Divalent Metal Contents in Tobacco Expressing the Exogenous Soybean Ferritin Gene

Abstract

T2 tobacco lines overexpressing soybean ferritin in the plastids (+TPs) or apoplasm (AFs) under the regulation of CaMV 35S promoter were grown on MS nutrient solution. After 1 month growth, statuses of six major divalent‐metals (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn) were measured in leaves and roots. Both +TPs and AFs showed enhanced growth (max. 1.7×) in leaves than the control line. The Fe contents in leaves of +TPs and AFs were significantly larger (1.9–2.8×) than that of the control line. The other metal contents in leaves of +TPs and AFs were almost the same as or less than those of the control line. In contrast to the result of leaves, the growth enhancement in roots was not clear in +TPs, but in AFs. Also, some of the non‐ferrous metal contents in roots of +TPs and AFs were dramatically increased compared with those of the control line (Mn, 1.9–10.4×; Zn, 1.6–2.3×), whereas the differences in content of Fe, Cu, Ca, and Mg were insignificant. These results demonstrated that the ferritin overexpression in apoplasm was as effective for inducing Fe accumulation as that in plastid. Under the normal metal‐balanced condition, even if the activation of Fe uptake related enzymes leads to the accumulation of non‐specific accumulation of divalent metal ions in roots, an Fe loading/unloading system and/or an internal translocator in xylem and phloem might specifically deliver Fe to the upper part of plants.     

淹水对烟草理化特性的影响

[目的]研究淹水条件下烟草理化指标的变化。[方法]以云烟85、大乌烟、柳叶子、黄毛毛和达州晾烟5个品种为材料进行淹水处理,之后进行理化指标测定。[结果]随着淹水时间的延长,超氧物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著增强,脯氨酸（Pro）迅速积累,丙二醛（MDA）含量出现先升高后降低的趋势。[结论]该试验可为烟草在淹水条件下的特性研究提供依据。     

土壤湿度对香料烟根系发育和根系活力的影响

研究了香料烟两个主要栽培类型， Ｂａｓｍ ａ（芳香型）和 Ｓａｍ ｓｕｎ（吃味型），在不同土壤湿度条件下的根系发育和根系活力，结果表明土壤适度干旱处理（土壤相对含水量６０％ ）两类型的根系干重、吸收面积和活跃吸收面积的测定值均高于其他处理。在土壤相对含水量６０％ ～８０％ 的处理条件下， Ｓａｍ ｓｕｎ 类型上述项目测定值均高于 Ｂａｓｍ ａ 类型；而土壤相对含水量在４５％ ～３５％ 的条件下， Ｂａｓｍ ａ 类型的项目测定值高于 Ｓａｍ ｓｕｎ 类型。     

出口烟叶非烟杂物控制模式探究

非烟物质来源于大田、编烟、分级、收购等多个环节,对卷烟产品造成极大的质量及安全隐患.通过源头、生产和加工过程中非烟杂物的控制,提高原料利用率,确保原料质量安全.     

辣椒上烟草轻型绿花叶病毒的鉴定

 辣椒源自南美洲，属于茄科辣椒属（Capsicum L.），为重要经济作物。病毒病是影响辣椒生产的主要病害，侵染辣椒的病毒有40余种［1］，烟草轻型绿花叶病毒（Tobacco mild green mosaic virus, TMGMV）是近年来在辣椒上发生和危害报道较多的病毒之一。TMGMV是McKinney［2］于1935年在烟草属植物（Nicotiana gluanca）上首次发现的，为烟草花叶病毒属（Tobamovirus）成员。除辣椒外，番茄［3］、凤仙花、蓝眼菊和矮牵牛也是TMGMV的自然寄主。