高CO2和纯N2冲击处理对板栗货架期品质变化的影响

以‘燕昌’板栗为试材,研究了经180d冷藏的板栗出库前分别用50％CO2和纯N2冲击处理对板栗货架期品质的影响。结果表明：50％CO2和纯N2处理对板栗货架期内糖代谢有显著影响,对蛋白质代谢影响不大。50％CO2处理5d以及纯N2处理5d和10d有利于板栗淀粉的保存。50％CO2处理可明显降低板栗的发芽率和腐烂率,货架期结束时,冲击处理5d和10d的板栗发芽率分别为2．07％和3．65％,显著低于对照(18．06％),腐烂率均为2．67％,显著低于对照(5．33％),而纯N2处理则显著促进板栗发芽,且不能有效控制腐烂的发生。研究证明：50％CO2冲击处理5d既能使板栗保持较好的货架期品质,又能显著抑制发芽及腐烂。     

Nutrient starvation affects expression of LC3 family at the feto-maternal interface during murine placentation

LC3 − the mammalian homolog of Atg8 − was found as autophagosome membrane binding protein in mammals and widely used as an autophagosomal marker. LC3A, B and C show different expression patterns in each tissue. The aim of this study was to reveal the differences of expression patterns among LC3 families in mouse placenta under normal condition and nutrient starving condition. LC3A and B were highly expressed in decidual cells. LC3A and B were increased in D14 compared with D12 and D16 in mouse placenta, while LC3C was decreased. Starvation induced increase in LC3B expression specifically. Immunohistochemistry showed different expression patterns among LC3A, B and C. LC3A expression in syncytiotrophoblast was vanished by starvation. The results of real time RT-PCR suggested differences between D12 and D16 in autophagic cascade induced by starvation. Taken together, this study suggests that autophagy could play a role in placental invasion system and that nutrient starvation affects LC3B expression.     

扭角羚肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定

本试验旨在报告四川省野生扭角羚自然生存过程中致病性细菌的检测及生物学特征。试验对发病死亡扭角羚病变组织进行细菌学检查及分离,对分别从肝脏、脾脏和肺脏分离得到的4株优势菌进行形态特征、生化特性和16SrDNA分子鉴定,判定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。这4株菌对供试小白鼠均有致病性。测其LD50,分别为2.9×107、2.9×107、4.5×107和1.1×108 CFU/只。4株分离菌对供试的先锋霉素等敏感,对阿米卡星等中度敏感,对红霉素等耐药。推测这4株肺炎克雷伯氏菌是导致扭角羚死亡的主要病原菌。     

Evaluation of cross-protection against three topotypes of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs vaccinated with multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C)

Epitope-based vaccines are always questioned for their cross-protection against the antigenically variable foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In this study, we proved the cross-protection effect of a multi-epitope vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C) against three topotypes of O type FMDV. A total of 45 naïve pigs were vaccinated with different doses of multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C). At 28 days post-vaccination, 45 vaccinated and 6 unvaccinated control pigs (two pigs for each group) were challenged with three topotypes of virulent O type FMDV, namely, O/Mya/98 (Southeast Asia topotype), O/HN/CHA/93 (Cathay topotype) and O/Tibet/CHA/99 (PanAsia topotype) strains. All unvaccinated pigs developed generalised FMD clinical signs. Results showed that all pigs (n = 15) conferred complete protection against the O/Mya/98 and O/HN/CHA/93 FMDV strains, 11 of which were protected against the O/Tibet/CHA/99 FMDV strain. The 50% protective dose values of the vaccine against the O/Mya/98, O/HN/CHA/93 and O/Tibet/CHA/99 FMDV strains were 15.59, 15.59 and 7.05, respectively. Contact challenge experiment showed that transmission occurred from the donors to the unvaccinated but not to vaccinated pigs. These results showed that vaccination with multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C) can efficiently prevent FMD in pigs.     

猪轮状病毒四川株的分离鉴定及增殖规律

为了解猪轮状病毒（PoRV）在MARC-145细胞系上的培养特性及增殖规律,本试验利用MARC-145细胞,从四川仔猪腹泻样品中分离到1株PoRV,并通过PCR检测、病毒理化实验与微量中和实验证实,命名为SC-R株。用含不同浓度胰酶营养液培养SC-R株48h后,分别收集病毒液进行定量分析;同时,以SC-R分离株感染MARC-145细胞,在感染后不同时间分别收集感染病毒液,利用PoRV荧光定量检测方法对不同样品中病毒RNA进行定量分析,绘制PoRV生长曲线。结果表明,用含3％胰酶营养液培养的细胞液中PoRV的RNA含量明显高于其他组;-步生长曲线显示细胞外病毒RNA含量呈“s型”曲线增长,感染后0～8h为潜伏期,病毒RNA含量维持在较低水平;8～36h为突破期,病毒RNA含量呈对数增长;感染48h增长速度减缓,维持在较高水平,逐步进入稳定期。胰酶可增加PoRV对细胞的感染性,3％是本试验最为适用的胰酶浓度;PoRV感染MARC-145后在细胞内增殖并逐步释到细胞外。     

3种药物对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌幼鱼的急性毒性试验

为了解烟酰苯胺、硫酸铜和扑草净对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌幼鱼的毒性影响,在水温(28±1)℃下,采用半静水式试验法开展了这3种药物对体质量(2.88±0.34)g、全长(7.30±0.30)cm的兴凯湖翘嘴鲌幼鱼的急性毒性试验。试验结果显示,烟酰苯胺对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为5.729、4.041、2.224、1.257 mg/L,安全浓度为0.126 mg/L;硫酸铜对幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为3.187、2.116、1.354、0.984 mg/L,安全浓度为0.098 mg/L;扑草净对幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为0.072、0.037、0.020、0.012 mg/L,安全浓度为0.001 mg/L。结果表明,烟酰苯胺和扑草净对翘嘴鲌幼鱼的毒性较大,应避免其污染养殖水体,硫酸铜在其常用质量浓度范围内会对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌幼鱼的成活率产生影响,应严格控制使用浓度并规范使用方法。     

Cu2+和Cd2+对斑节对虾幼虾的毒性作用

研究了Cu^2 和Cd^2 对斑节对虾幼虾 的急性和亚急性毒性作用，获得了Cu^2 和Cd^2 的半致死浓度、安全浓度和累积量。     

盐度对暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的影响

研究了不同盐度对暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的影响，盐度为4和8的试验组中受精卵的发育历期、孵化率及初孵仔鱼24小时的存活能力和淡水相比均无显著差异。在盐度12及以上，绝大部分受精卵死亡，仅有极少数个体孵化出膜，且全为畸形并都在24小时内死亡；发育速度随着盐度的升高而变慢。因此，暗纹东方鲀胚胎正常发育所能耐受的盐度范围是0～8。     

Effect of temperature on copper toxicity and hematological responses in the neotropical fish Prochilodus scrofa at low and high pH

Copper sulfate has been widely used to control algae and pathogens in fish culture ponds. However, its toxic effects on fish depend not only on its concentration in water but also on water quality. The susceptibility of the neotropical freshwater fish Prochilodus scrofa to copper was evaluated at two temperatures with low and high water pH. Juvenile fish were acclimated at 20 and 30 °C and exposed to copper (static bioassay system) in water with pH 4.5 and 8.0. The 96 h-LC₅₀ were determined at each temperature and pH, as were the hematological parameters. The 96 h-LC₅₀ for copper (98 and 88 μg Cu L^− 1 in water with pH 4.5 and 16 and 14 μg Cu L^− 1 in water with pH 8.0 for fish kept at 20 and 30 °C, respectively) was significantly dissimilar in pH 4.5 and 8.0, but no difference was found between 20 and 30 °C in the same water pH. At 20 °C, regardless of the water pH, the hematocrit (Hct) increased while the red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration decreased compared to control pH 7.0. Copper exposure in water pH 4.5 and 8.0 causes an increase on the Hct, RBC and Hb concentrations in relation to the controls pH 4.5 and 8.0. At 30 °C, the changes on the blood parameters depended on the water pH and, after copper exposure at low and high pH, the blood changes indicated more complex responses. The changes in hematological parameters of the fish, regardless of the pH and water temperature, indicate ionoregulatory or respiratory disturbances that imply an increase in energy consumption to restore homeostasis instead of other physiological functions such as weight gain and growth.