超临界CO_2萃取姜油树脂的工艺研究

[目的]优化采用超临界CO2萃取姜油树脂的工艺。[方法]利用超临界CO2流体作为萃取溶剂从干姜中提取姜油树脂,研究萃取压力、萃取时间和萃取温度对姜油树脂萃取率的影响,通过正交试验确定了姜油树脂萃取工艺的最佳萃取条件。[结果]姜油树脂超临界CO2萃取的最佳萃取工艺条件为：萃取压力35 MPa,萃取时间2.5 h,萃取温度40℃,在此条件下,姜油树脂的萃取率为2.86%。[结论]该研究可为调味料科研工作者和生产厂家提供参考。     

生姜提取液对冷却猪肉保鲜效果的研究

[目的]研究生姜提取液对冷却猪肉的保鲜效果,为生姜的开发利用及猪肉保鲜提供理论依据。[方法]用浓度95%乙醇生姜进行浸提,并将其提取液应用于冷却猪肉的保鲜中,对冷却猪肉在贮藏期的感官、理化及微生物指标进行测定。[结果]生姜提取液能有效抑制冷却猪肉贮藏期间细菌的繁殖及蛋白质分解,同时能在一定程度上延缓冷却猪肉汁液流失的速率。其中,70%生姜保鲜液保鲜效果最佳,至少能保存15 d。[结论]生姜提取液对冷却猪肉具有明显的保鲜效果,且能稳定猪肉色泽。     

姜醋奶保健饮料的研制

[目的]研制一种姜醋奶保健饮料。[方法]选用生姜、陈醋、低脂奶粉为主要原料,配以具有保健功能的木糖醇、蜂蜜作甜味剂,生产姜醋奶新型保健饮料。其中着重研究了生姜榨汁过程中Vc护色的最佳工艺,并通过正交试验确定姜汁、糖（添味剂）、乳酸、陈醋等影响姜醋奶保健饮料风味的最佳比例,同时进一步研究了稳定剂的选择和最佳添加量。[结果]确定了姜醋奶保健饮料的生产工艺、操作要点和产品质量标准及其最佳配方。产品配方：糖（木糖醇：蜂蜜：4：1）添加比例为7．5％,乳酸添加比例0．17％,陈醋添加比例1．8％,姜汁添加比例15％,牛奶添加比例3％,蛋白糖0．0375％,CMC—Na0．30％,黄原胶O．15％。l结论]姜醋奶饮料色泽乳白带棕褐色,质量稳定、风味独特、口感柔和、细腻、营养丰富,是一种保健型营养饮品。     

Effect of temperature on growth,dry matter production and starch accumulation in ten mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars

Summary

Ten mango cultivars of tropical and subtropical origin (Carabao, Kensington, Nam Dok Mai, Alphonso, Dashehari, Florigon, Glenn, Irwin, Haden and Sensation) were grafted onto cv. Kensington seedling rootstock and held at four day/night temperatures for 20 weeks (15/10°C, 20/15°C, 25/20°C and 30/25°C). Vegetative growth increased with increasing temperatures. All grew vegetatively at 25/20°C and 30/25°C. Cultivars which did not grow at 20/15°C were Carabao, Kensington and Dashehari. Cultivars Kensington, Nam Dok Mai, Alphonso, Florigon, Glenn, Irwin, Haden and Sensation produced flower panicles at 15/10°C. The rise in temperature increased the average number of growth flushes (in responsive cultivars) from 0.48 at 15/10°C to 3.21 at 30/25°C, and the number of leaves per growth flush (1.22 at 15/10°C to 13.63 at 30/25°C). Distribution of dry matter from new growth was mostly to the roots at the lowest temperature (95% at 15/10°C) and to the leaves (58%) at 30/25°C. The mean daily temperature for zero vegetative growth was calculated to be 15°C. Temperature and related growth activity also affected the concentration of starch in the woody tissue of rootstock trunks at the end of 20 weeks (15.9% starch at 15/10°C v. 4.8% starch at 30/25°C). ‘Irwin’ had the highest starch concentration at the two higher temperatures (twice that of any other cultivar at 30/25°C) while ‘Kensington’ the lowest starch level at 25/20°C, ca. 50% of most other cultivars.     

生姜试管苗根状茎诱导研究

采用D310饱和最优回归设计方法，进行了生姜试管苗根状茎诱导试验，建立了生姜试管苗平均单球重与KT、GA、NAA用量问的三元二次数学模型。通过对模型解析得出．GA对生姜试管苗根状茎的诱导作用大于KT、NAA。应用计算机模拟试验，筛选出本试验条件下平均单球重超过0．25g的GA、KT、NAA用量分别为1．33～2．35mg／l、0.49-0．66mg／l、0．62～0．94mg／l。并且得出生姜试管苗根状茎诱导的最适蔗糖浓度为80～110g／l。     

玉米与生姜间作复种系统增产增效分析

[目的]为推广复种系统提供依据。[方法]以玉米(兴黄单999)和生姜(当地种)为试材,设4种间作处理,带宽分别为1.67(CK)、2.33、2.67和3.00m,研究了不同带宽间作方式的玉米和生姜的产量和产值。[结果]不同带宽间作处理方式对2种作物产量的影响不同。2.33、2.67和3.00m带宽处理的玉米产量分别比对照的降低22.21%、20.66%和27.72%;3.00m处理的生姜产量最高,为21750.0kg/hm2;2.33m带宽处理的最低,为19927.5kg/hm2。玉米生姜间作时,2.33、2.67和3.00m带宽处理的2种作物的产值分别为31404.30、32450.40和32413.20元/hm2,分别比对照(14752.80元/hm2)增加了112.87%、119.96%和119.71%,2种作物的纯收入分别比对照增加了138.87%、138.94%和132.40%。[结论]2.67m带宽处理是玉米和生姜间作的最佳复种模式。     

Survey of Fura production in some northern states of Nigeria

The objective of research was to conduct a survey related to the production process for fura. Fura is a staple food for the Fulanis and Hausas. The single most important cereal grain for fura production is millet. A significant difference exists among respondents on the variety of millet chosen for fura production. A significantly greater proportion (p=0.05) indicated that `gero' is the variety in common use. Spices are indispensable as an ingredient in fura production with ginger being the single most important spice (p=0.01). The traditional pounding method for processing millet into flour is still very much used. The implication of this is highlighted and a possible solution of optimizing fura production process is recommended. Strictly speaking, fura is distributed with a minimum of packaging. The choice of suitable package provided protection during a generally short shelf-life and for local distribution. With increasing influence of advertising upon customers, small food processing enterprises making fura will have to improve the packaging and preservation of their products if they are to survive the competition.     

不同钾肥用量对生姜生长和营养品质的影响

采用田间试验研究不同施钾量对生姜生长、钾素吸收、营养品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明,施用适量钾肥能明显促进生姜生长发育,提高块茎产量、植株含钾量和钾素吸收量,改善营养品质,提高施肥经济效益。2年2地试验结果表明,施钾生姜块茎产量增长13.0%~27.2%和22.3%~37.7%,平均增产22.5%和28.7%,中等钾肥用量的K450处理获得了最高产量;块茎产量与施钾量间呈一元二次抛物线关系。施用不同数量钾肥后,生姜茎叶、姜块和全株含钾量分别提高33.4%~210.7%、2.9%~70.8%和18.4%~139.9%,钾素吸收量增加64.5%~342.2%、31.3%~118.7%和48.5%~209.0%。施用适量钾肥后,生姜块茎粗蛋白质、Vc和可溶性糖含量相应提高,K450处理最高。施钾增收13 626~23 286元/hm2,施用钾肥的产投比高达(2.27~12.60)︰1。     

~(60)Co-γ射线抑制生姜根茎发芽及其细胞学基础研究

本试验采用60Co-γ射线以15~40 Gy的剂量,辐照刚收获的生姜根茎,调查分析了催芽状态和自然储藏状态下根茎萌芽率、芽体形态、根尖细胞有丝分裂以及根尖细胞核变异情况。结果表明,一定剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照生姜根茎,萌芽率降低,芽体变小,畸形,根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,微核率提高,且与照射剂量呈显著正相关。抑制生姜萌芽的适宜辐照剂量为35~40 Gy。     

光质对生姜叶片光合特性的影响

【目的】探讨光质对苗期生姜叶片光能利用及光合特性的影响,为生姜苗期遮光处理提供理论依据。【方法】以莱芜大姜为试材,采用不同颜色塑料薄膜及尼龙纱网进行苗期遮光处理,创造光强相同而光质不同的环境条件,测定叶片叶绿素荧光参数、光合速率和光呼吸速率日变化及光合特征参数。【结果】不同处理叶片叶绿素荧光参数日变化动态相似,但叶片Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’、ΦPSⅡ、qP和光化学反射指数（PRI）均以绿膜处理最高,其次为蓝膜和白膜处理,红膜处理最低;而PSⅠ和PSⅡ间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数（β/α-1）和NPQ则以绿膜处理最低,蓝膜、白膜和红膜处理依次升高。叶片Pn日变化均为有明显午休的双峰曲线,但由高到低依次为绿膜、白膜、红膜、蓝膜;而Pr及Pr/Pn则相反。红膜处理叶片AQY较高而光补偿点较低;绿膜处理叶片CE、RuBP最大再生速率及光饱和光合速率较高。【结论】适当增加遮光光质中绿光比例,生姜叶片午间光抑制程度较轻,PSⅠ和PSⅡ间线性电子传递协调性较好,激发能热耗散较低,光能利用效率较高。因此,绿膜处理叶片适应强光能力较强,Pn较高。