加强农民政治参与的制度建设

中国农民政治参与有很好的政治制度基础,但制度不完善、不健全,农民制度化参与少,非制度化参与多。为保证农民政治参与有序化、规范化、健康发展,须加强农民政治参与的制度建设,完善和创新各项法律制度。     

Folk experiments

Folk experiments in agriculture are often inspired by new ideas blended with old ones, motivated by economic and environmental change. They tend to save labor or capital. These notions are illustrated with nine short case studies from Nicaragua and El Salvador. The new ideas that catalyze folk experiments may be provided by development agencies, but paradoxically, the folk experiments are so common that the agencies that inspire them usually pay little attention to them. Some folk experiments are original, but others simply copy innovations that farmers have seen somewhere else. Unlike formal scientific research, in which results are consistently written, folk experiments are rarely “inscribed,” because the results are for use by individual farmers and need not be shared with an audience.     

试论高校图书馆在加强农民信息素质教育中的优势及途径

随着计算机通讯技术和网络技术的飞速发展,用户面对的信息环境和获取信息的途径都发生了很大变化。论述了加强农民信息素质教育的必要性及其内容,以及高校图书馆在加强农民信息素质教育中的优势及途径。     

The role of culture in farmer learning and technology adoption: A case study of farmer field schools among rice farmers in central Luzon, Philippines

The goal of this paper is to show how culture – shared norms and values – is challenged and used to facilitate cooperative behavior within the context of farmer field schools (FFS) in central Luzon, Philippines. The success of the FFS is primarily associated with cultural norms that encourage experiential and collective learning and eventually lead to the adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) methods among the farmers. The study was conducted in central Luzon, the rice granary region of the Philippines, from 1992 to 1995 and again in 1999. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed. Results indicate that a keen understanding of Filipino culture and values is essential if FFS is to be successful and if farmers are to successfully learn and practice IPM. Florencia Palis has a PhD in anthropology and is working as a post-doctoral fellow at the Crop and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines. She is also an adjunct faculty member at the Department of Agricultural Systems of Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.     

推进农科教、产学研结合的探索与实践

文章针对高校推进农科教、产学研结合的难点问题,基于河北农业大学坚持走"太行山道路"的经验做法,探索了大力推进高校与地方政府、企业开展科技战略合作,创立服务地方经济建设的新模式,总结了以试验基地为载体,创新群体为骨干,构建农科教、产学研结合的创新平台,通过创新平台承担重大课题、出重大成果,培育区域支柱产业,创立现代农业先导型样板的经验,提出了加强政府引导作用、制定激励机制、建立技术创新和人才培养平台等推进农科教、产学研合作的意见和建议。     

基于“三生”空间视角的中国农业文化遗产研究文献分析与评述

本研究基于“生产、生活、生态”的空间理论视角,揭示中国农业文化遗产“三生”空间人地关系的研究现状。以“农业文化遗产”为关键词,采用Citespace5.5文献计量分析工具和归纳方法,梳理了近年来中国农业文化遗产的研究成果,结果表明:2005—2020年中国农业文化遗产的研究经历了初步探索、波动增长、平稳发展三个阶段,各个阶段上的研究热点具有明显差异。目前中国农业文化遗产在景观价值挖掘、旅游开发、乡村振兴等领域的研究成果已初具规模,但在基础性理论方面尚未形成权威的认知。农业文化遗产在“三生”空间上的研究对于解决“三农”问题具有重要的实践意义,今后应更加关注基础理论的更新、强化实证研究、贯彻“分层”保护思维、完善社区参与、加快农业文化遗产地的评价指标体系构建和动态保护,以期实现农业文化遗产的高效利用及可持续发展。     

农户金融借贷需求的地区差异及影响因素的实证分析——基于20040个样本调查的经验检验

基于中国人民银行农户借贷情况问卷调查的微观数据,统计分析后发现农户金融借贷需求在地区间具有显著差异,形成地区间4类主导的借贷机构;在地区间影响因素分析上,运用Probit方法,引入影响农户借贷行为的5大类特征变量,揭示特征变量与农户金融借贷需求地区差异关系。结果表明:农户资产存量因素、农户与金融机构之间的互动机制是影响农户金融需求地区差异的主导因素,农户家庭基本情况、人力资本水平、资金用途对借贷地区差异相对弱化。最后,就如何实现我国农村金融差异化平稳发展提出了针对性的政策建议。     

珠三角农业流动人口“代耕农”的社会融合问题——以中山市西区沙朗、隆平、隆昌社区为中心

"代耕农"是农业流动人口中的特殊弱势群体,对珠三角经济与社会发展有特殊的历史贡献。但其至今尚未真正融入珠三角的主流社会,始终保持着"定居不融合"的状态,体现出一定的社会不适应性。他们遭遇诸多社会排斥与歧视,面临居住隔离、交往狭隘及社会保障待遇不公等社会融合困难。以中山市西区的"代耕农"为中心,分析"代耕农"社会融合的基本状况及其制约因素,进而提出"代耕农"的社会融合路径。     

农村电子商务发展带动农村经营新模式——基于江苏省“淘宝村”的案例研究

随着电子商务的发展,中国部分农村地区出现了一种特殊的现象,这些地区的很多农民都以在“淘宝”上开网店为生,所售产品基本来自于该村作坊生产.以“淘宝村”为代表的电商平台模式是一、二、三产业融合发展的实践成果.该研究以江苏省2种典型“淘宝村”——沙集镇东风村、颜集镇堰下村为样本区域,基于实地调研数据、案例分析以及理论研究成果,拟对这种新型农村经营发展模式进行分析.在了解运行现状的基础上,分析“淘宝村”发展至今存在的问题,为农村新型经营模式提供政策建议.     

An institutional case study of Japanese Water Users Association: towards successful participatory irrigation management

This paper examines irrigation management conduct within the Japanese Water Users Association (WUA), namely the Land Improvement District (LID). LID is regarded as a successful case of participatory irrigation management (PIM), in which there are few conflicts over water between farmers so that it attains high social cost performance. However, the management system of LID still remains obscure. We throw light on this system assuming the existence of "the rule of fairness". Farmers operate the irrigation facilities in a self-serving way and have their own rule of fairness, such as upstream superiority, based on the long-term experiences of irrigation systems. We defined this rule of fairness as made up of two components: one is "fairness of outcome" and the other is "fairness of procedure". Finally, we discovered that the approach of LID staff is the essential factor to satisfying the farmers' criteria of fairness and maintaining peace; LID staff place importance on farmers' customary rules, taking care to remain neutral in arbitrating quarrels between farmers and trying to ensure organizational transparency to farmers. This can be also a good lesson for future PIM projects.