人凝血酶原复合物提取及纯化工艺的研究

[目的]确定血浆中人凝血酶原复合物提取及纯化的最佳工艺条件。[方法]以人血浆为原料,凝血酶原复合物的吸附率和回收率为评价指标,采用单因素试验及正交试验对提取和纯化条件进行优选。[结果]最佳工艺为:选用pH值为7.0的DEAE-Sephadex A50凝胶从人血浆中提取人凝血酶原复合物,吸附50 min时,凝胶对凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的吸附率可达84.0%、86.5%、85.7%和78.0%;采用NaCl浓度为0.1 mol/L、pH值为7.2的洗涤液洗涤吸附后的凝胶5次,然后用NaCl浓度为2.0 mol/L的洗脱液洗脱3次,对凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的回收率可达84.9%、76.4%、82.8%和78.7%。[结论]该工艺合理、可行,适合人凝血酶原复合物的工业化生产。     

榆树叶绿色素的提取与性质研究

研究了从榆树叶中提取天然绿色素的工艺方法以及其榆树叶绿色素的理化性质。结果表明：从榆树叶里提取绿色素时用75%的乙醇（pH值7.80）为提取液效果较好;该色素溶解性和热稳定性良好,在pH值为5～9时较稳定。该色素具有一定的开发利用价值。     

无患子总皂苷的提取工艺研究

[目的]确立无患子皂苷提取的最佳工艺。[方法]通过单因素试验和正交试验，研究各种提取条件（提取溶剂、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数、料液比）对无患子皂苷得率的影响，优化其提取工艺。[结果]无患子皂苷的最佳提取工艺为：提取溶剂为乙醇，提取温度为60℃时，料液比为1：9，提取时间为3h，提取为3次。在该条件下，无患子皂苷得率为9．32％。[结论]该工艺操作简单、提取效率高、对环境友好，适合于无患子皂苷的工厂化生产。     

鹿角托盘总蛋白的提取工艺研究

[目的]优化鹿角托盘总蛋白提取工艺。[方法]以总蛋白得率为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验设计优选最佳提取工艺。[结果]最佳提取工艺为：用含0.3mol/LNaCl,20mmol/LNa2HPO4缓冲液（pH值为9）提取,料液比为1：15,提取时间为24h,提取3次。在此工艺条件下,总蛋白得率达10%以上。[结论]试验优选出的工艺稳定、合理、可行。     

Influence of Extreme Management on Decomposable Soil Organic Matter Pool

Basing on two long-term model experiments (microplots as well as greenhouse pot experiment) the influence of extreme management on a very easily decomposable pool of soil organic matter (SOM) was measured. The carbon content (C hwe ) of a hot water extractable pool of SOM was used as an indicator for the decomposable C pool. This parameter reflects both the dynamics of the amount of decomposable organic C pool and the different transformation conditions in case of the pot experiment (outside versus inside the greenhouse). Depending on soil type and both the total and decomposable organic matter level at the starting point of the experiments we can observe differences in the decreasing speed of the decomposable C pool: in the soils having a high level of SOM at starting point C hwe pool decreases more rapidly compared to the soils unfertilized or in case of the only P and K treatment of the Static Fertilization Experiment at the beginning of the pot experiment. At least we can observe a difference in decreasing intensity of this C hwe pool when comparing different soil types.     

桑叶中黄酮化合物的提取工艺及不同品种不同时期的含量变化

探讨了不同单因子对桑叶中黄酮成分浸提效果的影响。用80%乙醇作溶剂,原料质量浓度50.00 g/L,于70℃、pH 8的条件下浸提3 h并抽提2次的提取效果较好。以毛细管电泳仪测定、分析了不同品种、不同时期桑叶中的芦丁、槲皮素等成分,湖桑9001叶片中的芦丁含量高,湖桑32号的槲皮素含量高,10月份采摘桑叶中的芦丁和槲皮素的含量最高。芦丁、槲皮素等成分在桑叶中的动态变化:以10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-20 mmol/L的硼砂溶液(pH 8.62)作缓冲液,在25℃,20 kV的压力下电泳,245 nm波长处检测,线性关系良好,在8 m in内完全分离。     

桑叶中抗凝血活性成分的初步分离与纯化

采用乙醇分级沉淀和Sephadex G100凝胶层析的方法,结合凝血指标检测,对桑叶中的抗凝血活性成分进行了分离纯化。结果表明:桑叶的抗凝血活性主要集中在桑叶的水提取液中,能够显著延长人体血浆的活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)值。桑叶水提取液经30%乙醇沉淀、凝胶层析和醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳表明其抗凝血活性成分是一种多糖组分。试验还表明,高浓度乙醇处理对桑叶多糖的抗凝血活性没有影响。     

超声波强化超临界CO2萃取柞蚕油的工艺

柞蚕幼虫虫体干物质中含有丰富的脂肪,而且含有β-蜕皮激素、细胞色素C、保幼激素等多种功能性成分,具有很高的保健功效和营养价值。为了高效开发利用柞蚕资源,以柞蚕5龄幼虫为材料,探讨以超声波技术强化用超临界CO2萃取(SCE)方法萃取柞蚕油的效率,并进一步优化工艺条件中的萃取温度、压力、时间、原料细度等因素。结果表明,与SCE法比较,采用超声波强化超临界CO2萃取(SSCE)的方法能提高柞蚕油的生产效率和萃取得率,节约生产成本和降低生产能耗。采用SSCE法萃取柞蚕油的最佳工艺条件为:温度50℃,时间90 min,压力15 MPa,原料细度110目。在此工艺条件下,用SSCE法对柞蚕油的萃取率可达到13.88%。     

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of cuticular wax isolated from Asian pear fruit (cv. Pingguoli)

In order to understand the cuticular wax properties of Asian pear fruits (cv. Pingguoli), a series of assays was conducted on extraction, fractionation and determination of composition. The results showed that the maximum yield of wax from the fruit was obtained by chloroform/methanol (3:1), and then by chloroform extraction. Polar and low polar fractions occupied 64.3% and 26.9% of total crude wax by column chromatography. 54 and 22 components were identified in polar and low polar fractions by GC/MS, respectively. Long-chain fatty acids and triterpenoids predominated in polar fraction and n-alkanes were predominant in low polar fraction. In vitro tests indicated that polar fraction, low polar fraction and total crude wax inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, which is a causal agent of Alternaria rot of pears, and the maximum inhibition was obtained by polar fraction. These findings indicated that n-alkanes in low polar fraction and triterpenoids, fatty acid in polar fraction might have contributed to the antifungal properties of pear fruit cuticular waxes.