3种抗氧化剂对茶条槭(Acer ginnala Maxim.)组织培养污染及褐化的影响

研究了3种抗氧化剂(抗坏血酸、亚硫酸钠、柠檬酸)对茶条槭外植体组织培养中抑制污染及褐化的影响。结果表明:在一定浓度下抗坏血酸、亚硫酸钠、柠檬酸三者配合能明显抑制菌类污染及褐变的产生,在含有抗坏血酸0.125 g/L,亚硫酸钠0.125 g/L,柠檬酸2.5 g/L及BA 2 mg/L的培养基上增殖系数达3.76,与对照相比差异达极显著水准,但高浓度抗氧化剂对茶条槭产生伤害。     

南昌市郊蔬菜基地土壤重金属含量及评价

调查分析结果表明,南昌市郊杨子洲乡蔬菜生产基地土壤重金属平均含量分别为Cu 33.86 mg/kg、Zn 111.85 mg/kg、Cd 0.24mg/kg、Pb 52.51 mg/kg、Cr 55.26 mg/kg、Ni 20.24 mg/kg。该区土壤中的6种元素都高于土壤背景值,部分土壤已受到Cd的轻度污染,部分土壤Cu、Zn为警戒级,其他元素为安全级。综合污染指数顺序为:Cd>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr>Pb。     

百草枯污染土壤的微生物生态效应

研究了除草剂百草枯在3种不同浓度下对土壤微生物的种群数量及其部分活性的影响。结果表明,施用百草枯对土壤微生物有明显的影响。0.05￣5mg/kg的百草枯在施药后30d内,真菌种群严重被抑制;硝化细菌种群和纤维素分解菌种群均呈刺激效应;低浓度的百草枯刺激土壤细菌和放线菌种群的生长,而高浓度的百草枯则抑制其生长。结果同时表明,百草枯对土壤硝化作用和纤维素分解强度的影响均表现为刺激效应。随着加药时间的延长,这种刺激或抑制作用又逐渐恢复或接近正常水平。     

葫芦岛市连山区·龙港区土壤重金属垂直分布与迁移特征

用土壤地理信息系统中套合采样方法布置剖面点5个,对葫芦岛市连山区、龙港区地区各层土壤中Zn、Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni的的重金属含量进行了分析.探讨并改进了计算重金属迁移率的公式.结果表明,表土层的重金属含量明显高于20cm以下土层的重金属含量,体现强烈的表聚性.不同的重金属元素在不同的土层深度形态分布是不同的,随着土层深度的增加交换态Cd、Pb含量明显下降,残渣态Cu、Cd和Pb的比例则明显提高.同一剖面点CA的迁移率明显高于其他元素,而Pb在土壤中的迁移性较差.所有元素迁移的深度均未达到60～80cm.     

苦马豆外植体初代培养杂菌污染率控制的探讨

[目的]以苦马豆种子和发芽幼苗的不同部位作为外植体进行无菌处理和培养,探究杂菌污染率控制的方法。[方法]以MS为基本培养基,通过不同消毒试剂种类和浓度配比、时间,探讨其对外植体初代培养污染率的影响。[结果]野生苦马豆种子去皮后采用0.1%升汞消毒效果较好,消毒时间以6 min为佳;苦马豆幼苗胚轴最佳消毒时间为6 min;外植体表面灭菌后使用50 mg/L的青霉素溶液处理30 min效果最为理想。[结论]筛选获得适宜的外植体消毒方法,对细菌和真菌的抑制作用提供一条有效的途径,为提高苦马豆组培体系工厂化育苗的效率奠定基础。     

细河沿岸土壤5种重金属污染现状评价

以细河沿岸污染土壤为对象,选取富官、翟家、大潘、彰驿站、大兀拉、前余6个区域,分0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm三层采集土壤样本,分析测定土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni的含量,应用单项质量指数和综合质量指数对土壤重金属污染现状进行评价。结果发现,研究区域的土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni的含量分别为:20.96~78.49,6.73~155.54,22.86~159.99,0.61~7.69,1.87~18.99 mg/kg。6个区域土壤0~30 cm三层的综合污染指数达到1.52~18.7,说明重金属污染严重,且中下游的4个区域土壤污染程度呈现随土层深度增加而加重的趋势;其中,Cd污染最重,所有样点三个土层Cd含量均超土壤环境质量标准的二级标准限值,超标达1.02~24.62倍;Cu,仅富官的部分样点超标,为轻度污染(PCu≤1.49),Ni、Zn、Pb则6个区域均未受明显污染。     

化州橘红茎尖微芽嫁接技术研究

以柚、柠檬、红江橙等作砧木,化州橘红作接穗.研究了激素处理砧木、接穗灭菌和培养基配方、砧木苗龄等因素对化州橘红茎尖嫁接成活率的影响.柚作砧木时,任何激素处理的成活率均高于对照,以0.1 mg/L的GA3处理10 min的成活率最高,为31％.不同砧木其成活率不同,成活率最高的为柚,达19.0％,最低的为宽皮橘,为5.0％.灭菌方法对成活率和污染率也有影响,污染率最低的是0.1％升汞灭菌10 min,为5.7％,成活率最高的是0.15％升汞灭菌8 min,为25.0％.培养基配方对嫁接苗的成活率也有影响,MS基本培养基最有利于嫁接苗的成活,添加6-BA、Ad和NAA都会降低成活率.16d苗龄的砧木最有利于嫁接苗的成活,成活率可达36.5％.     

某锑矿区土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价（英文）

为研究某锑矿区土壤质量现状,对锑矿区土壤进行布点取样,分析了Sb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Ni、As 9种元素含量,并运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗指数及潜在生态风险指数对土壤重金属污染状况进行了评价。结果表明,采用内梅罗指数法对该锑矿区土壤重金属污染程度进行评价时,各采样点的内梅罗指数均小于0.7,属清洁状态;采用潜在生态风险指数法对该锑矿区土壤重金属污染情况进行潜在生态风险评估时,各采样点综合潜在生态风险指数均小于150,属轻度污染。     

Isotopic evidence and quantification assessment of in situ RDX biodegradation in the deep unsaturated zone

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is an explosive compound whose extensive use has resulted in significant contamination of soils and groundwater worldwide. We studied its in situ biodegradation along the unsaturated zone beneath an explosives wastewater lagoon using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of RDX in the unsaturated zone, together with biodegradation slurry experiments under anaerobic conditions. We found the highest degradation potential of RDX and its nitroso derivatives in the upper part of the soil profile while in the lower parts, RDX-degradation potential was lower and the nitroso derivatives tended to persist. This was also observed in the field, as reflected by the isotopic composition of RDX along the profile. We also found a correlation between biodegradation potential and clay content: biodegradation was further enhanced in layers characterized by high-clay content or in those influenced by the high-clay layers. In addition, in the presence of high organic matter content, further enhancement of biodegradation was observed. We obtained different isotopic enrichment factors (?) for RDX biodegradation in different sections of the unsaturated profile and suggest that different degradation pathways exist simultaneously in situ, in variable proportions. Using the range of enrichment factors, we were able to assess the biodegradation extent of RDX at different sampling points along the profile, which ranged between 30 and 99.4%. The novel application of CSIA together with slurry experiments provides better insight into degradation processes that are otherwise difficult to detect and assess.     

Successful analysis of gut contents in fungal-feeding oribatid mites by combining body-surface washing and PCR

The feeding habits of soil mesofauna have been a mystery for decades, and depending on the methods used, different degrees of feeding specialisation have been observed. A new way to study the almost unknown feeding habits of soil mesofauna e.g. oribatid mites is to use PCR-based techniques. When applying PCR on these small organisms, the low amount of ingested DNA can cause problems. Even more important is to certify that the amplified DNA does not originate from body-surface contamination. The aim of this study was to analyse if washing of the body surface combined with PCR can be a successful approach when identifying the food ingested by fungivorous mites. The method was developed in a laboratory system where we used the oribatid mite Archegozetes longisetosus as a model organism due to its relatively short life cycle and ease of laboratory culturing. The results demonstrated that surface contamination is a serious problem. Both washing and dissection was needed to remove surface contamination on such small organisms. To get a reliable result the samples also had to contain at least five pooled guts, but preferably ten. This is the first step towards a successful use of PCR-based methods to study natural feeding habits of species most likely contaminated on the body surface. When modified for field conditions, the results obtained by this method have a high potential to answer many questions about the animals feeding habits, and their functional role in the soil.