硫、硅对水稻体内NPT含量及镉亚细胞分布的影响

在4 mg kg~(-1)的镉污染条件下,设置不同的外源硫和硅供应水平,对辽星1号和沈农315两个品种的水稻进行了土培实验,在分蘖期对辽星1号水稻进行了亚细胞分析,观察在不同条件下重金属镉的亚细胞分布;并在分蘖期测定植株茎叶部分的非蛋白巯基(NPT)含量,研究不同硫硅配比对水稻吸收分配重金属的机理。结果表明,沈农315号水稻叶当中的NPT含量高于辽星1号,外源硫可以提升两个品种水稻叶中的NPT含量,增强对重金属的耐性,同时增加镉在包括液泡在内的细胞可溶部分的分布;施硅可以强化细胞壁,随着施硅量的提升,根茎叶细胞壁中的镉分布均显著提升,并且根细胞壁中的提升幅度大于茎,说明施硅不仅可钝化土壤中的镉,并且在植物体内,加强根细胞壁对镉的固化是硅增强植物体重金属抗性的主要途径。     

大豆7S变异系统含硫氨基酸的遗传分析

本文利用大豆籽粒贮藏蛋白质7S低下变异系统“LA”与省内品种丰交7607和通农9号的杂交后代中选育出的8个稳定的优良品系所组成的“7S变异系统”，进行了有关含硫氨基酸含量的遗传力、遗传相关、遗传进度以及相关遗传进度分析．结果表明：（1）脱氨酸、蛋氨酸、含硫氨基酸的遗传力、遗传进度比较低；（2）它们与一荚粒数和蛋白质含量的遗传相关系数比较大，而与株高和百粒重的遗传相关则较小；（3）就相关遗传进度而言，含硫氨基酸与一荚粒数的相关遗传进度较大，而与蛋白质、株高、百粒重的相关遗传进度较小．     

白菜对硫敏感性的研究

通过小区试验,明确了白菜是硫的敏感作物,施用硫肥白菜增产10.75%～11.06%,增产效果显著.硫肥可以改善白菜的品质,维生素C含量提高13.9%～17.8%,硝酸盐含量降低14.4%～14.9%.试验表明:硫肥可提高经济效益,为绿色蔬菜生产提供一种新的肥源.     

沙薄地追施硫肥对小麦产量和品质的影响

以豫麦50(弱筋)和豫麦49(中筋)两个品种为试验材料,研究了沙薄地大田条件下追施硫肥对小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明:拔节期追硫可增加穗粒数,提高千粒重,显著增加子粒产量;子粒硬度增加、出粉率提高,面团吸水率增加、形成时间和稳定时间延长,弱化度增加,灰分、蛋白质和湿面筋含量下降。从协调小麦产量与品质的角度出发,以少量追硫效果为好,弱筋小麦豫麦50的适宜追硫量为22．5kg／hm2,中筋小麦豫麦49的适宜追硫量为45．0kg／hm2。     

钙对SO_2胁迫下大叶黄杨某些生理指标的影响

本试验研究了钙对SO_2胁迫下大叶黄杨某些生理生化指标的影响。结果表明。Ca~(2+)处理能减少SO_2胁迫时MDA的积累；提高SOD和POD酶活性,减缓膜脂过氧化程度；缓解SO_2胁迫下大叶黄杨叶绿素的降解速度,提高叶片中可溶性蛋白的含量。但Ca~(2+)处理需要适当的浓度,浓度过高会产生负效应,Ca~(2+)调控的最佳浓度为25 mmol．L~(-1)。     

黑龙江省主要耕地土壤硫素现状研究

本研究采集黑龙江省29个市、县,发育于5种母质的8种土壤类型143个耕层土样,分析测试其全硫、有效硫含量;结果表明黑龙江省土壤全硫含量平均值为511.90mg/kg,有效硫含量平均值为26.27mg/kg。缺硫和潜在缺硫(有效硫含量<16mg/kg)土壤以风砂土和盐碱土居多,其次是黑土、黑钙土,而草甸土硫素含量丰富。缺硫面积最大的是黑土。按母质划分,发育于砂质沉积物的土壤100%缺硫,其次是发育于河湖冲积物和沉积物土壤,缺硫达65%以上。     

Band-applied elemental sulfur to enhance the phytoavailability of phosphorus in alkaline calcareous soils

Summary Applications of elemental sulfur (S°) increase the phytoavailability of P in alkaline high-Ca soils through the production of H₂SO₄ which is induced by microbial oxidation of S. Concentrated S bands, allowing time release acidity, may aid in maintaining the phytoavailability of both residual and fertilizer P. Greenhouse and field studies were therefore conducted to determine the effectiveness of band-applied S° for increasing the phytoavailability of residual and fertilizer P for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.). We also used inoculation of S° with Thiobacillus thioparus to determine whether it is necessary or helpful in alkaline soils to initiate acidification. Treatments were inoculation, S°, S° + inoculation, triple superphosphate, triple superphosphate + S°, triple superphosphate + inoculation, and triple superphosphate + S° + inoculation applied to three alkaline soils: Typic Argiborolls, Borollic Calciorthids, and Ustollic Haplargids. P availability was determined by plant uptake of P, NaHCO₃-extractable P, dry-matter yield, grain yield and grain-protein production, and on available-P index (NaHCO₃-extractable P, post-harvest, + plant uptake of P). Application of S° with triple superphosphate gave a significantly higher available-P index than triple superphosphate alone on all three soils. Inoculation of S° with T. thioparus increased soil acidity; however, in some cases this treatment eliminated the beneficial effect of S°. Grain yields of wheat increased with S° applications at one of two field sites. These results suggest that applying S° with triple superphosphate may be an effective means of increasing soil P availability and the efficiency of superphosphate fertilizers on alkaline high-Ca soils.     

Modeling studies on sulfur deposition and transport in East Asia

A three dimensional regional Eulerian model of sulfur deposition and tranport has been developed. It includes emission, transport, diffusion, gas-phase and aqeous-phase chemical process, dry depostion, rainout and washout process. A looking up table method is provided to deal with the gas-phase chemical process including sulfur transfer. Calculated values have reasonable agreement with observations. Distribution of sulfur deposition and transport in East Asia are also analyzed in the paper. Simulation shows that sulfate (SO ₄ ^2– ) is the main substance to transport in long range transport. Some amount of sulfur emission of different countries transport across boundaries, but the main origin of sulfur deposition in each country in East Asia is from herself. Furthermore, some transport paths on different layers and outlet or inlet zones are found.     

油菜硫营养及其与品质的关系

对缺硫指标、缺硫症状 ;硫肥的效果和影响因素 ;硫营养对蛋白质、含油量和脂肪酸组成、硫甙含量、硫甙组分的影响等几个方面对油菜硫营养生理和硫营养与品质的关系进行了综述。     

Role of sulfur nutrition in plant and seed metabolism of Glycine max L.

The aim of present investigation has been to explore the effect of sulfur application on plant metabolism, seed yield and seed quality in soybean. The sulfur was supplied in different doses ranging as 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 meq S L^?1. Plant supplied with 4 meq S L^?1 showed optimal growth. Plant growth and dry matter was reduced under sulfur deficiency (1 and 2 meq S L^?1) and toxicity (6 and 8 meq S L^?1). Application of sulfur increases the tissue sulfur and cysteine concentration in both leaves and seeds. The critical concentration for deficiency (CCD) and toxicity (CCT) of sulfur was observed 0.194 to 0.277% dry weight respectively. Pod yield and seed yield was also suppressed in sulfur deficiency and toxicity. In leaves sugar (reducing, non-reducing and total sugar) and starch was found to be accumulated while in seeds both were depleted under sulfur deficiency and toxicty. Seed storage proteins (albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamins) were also reduced under sulfur stress. Thus, we conclude that sulfur deficiency and toxicity both affects the plant metabolism, yield and seed quality in terms of carbohydrates and storage proteins of soybean.