生防菌剂与生物有机肥复配对黄瓜抗病促生效果的研究

以"津优二号"保护地黄瓜为试材,研究了枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、淡紫拟青霉、粉红粘帚霉等生防菌与生物有机肥复配对黄瓜形态指标、产量和蔓枯病发病率的影响。结果表明:各种复配组合都能够增加黄瓜的叶面积、株高、茎粗、茎节数,提高产量,增强抗病性。但以粉红粘帚霉67-1+有机肥复配效果最好,能增产19.33%,对蔓枯病的防治效果达到92%。     

淡紫紫孢菌微菌核防治黄瓜根结线虫病及土壤环境对其定殖的影响

微菌核是丝状真菌产生的一种休眠结构,由菌丝特化形成。实验室前期研究发现,淡紫紫孢菌在特定的培养条件下可以产生微菌核,并具有较强的抗逆性和稳定性。本研究通过实验室生测和温室盆栽试验,研究了淡紫紫孢菌微菌核对根结线虫的寄生作用和对黄瓜根结线虫病的防治效果,以及不同土壤条件对生防菌定殖的影响。结果表明,微菌核对根结线虫卵的寄生率随着接种浓度的提高而增加,当浓度为300 MS/mL时寄生率超过50%。黄瓜移栽时接种淡紫紫孢菌微菌核,用量为300个/100 g土时对根结线虫防效为44.7%,在育苗基质中提前接入微菌核可防效提高36.0%。土壤水分、温度和pH值对淡紫紫孢菌微菌核的定殖均有显著影响(P<0.05),含水量过高或过低不利于生防菌增殖,含水量为10%~15%,20 d时淡紫紫孢菌种群数量提高6~9倍。本研究为淡紫紫孢菌微菌核制剂的研发和应用提供了理论指导。     

Clonostachys rosea 67-1液生孢子形成及其抗性研究

 The growth and sporulation of Clonostachys rosea strain 67-1 in PD broth was observed and figured out. A large amount of submerged spores were obtained in shake flask with proprietary Czapek me-dium. Meanwhile, the colonies of strain 67-1were cultured in PDA plate and aerial spores were collected by elution. Resistances of submerged spores and aerial spores to high temperature, dry condition and UV treatment were determined. The results showed that the survival of the submerged spores kept in 60℃ for 30 min was 76.7%, while the aerial spores were hardly germinated in the same condition. After two weeks' drying treatment, the spore activities were 89.2% and 29.3%, respectively. Similarly, the activity of submerged spores was 72.6% and that of aerial spores was 19.7% when exposing to UV for 1 min. It is illuminated that deep submerged fermentation is more efficient than solid culture for strain 67-1 to produce chlamydospores, which act as main component in biopesticide mass production.     

粉红粘帚霉67-1菌株对水稻纹枯病的抑菌防病作用研究

采用对峙培养法和含毒介质法测定67-1菌株和无菌发酵液对水稻纹枯病菌的抑制作用和对菌核形成的影响;测定67-1菌株孢子悬浮液和无菌发酵液处理不同时间对菌核萌发的抑制作用;采用种子处理和土壤处理的方法测定67-1菌株孢子悬浮液对水稻幼苗生长的影响;通过室内盆栽试验和田间药效试验,测定67-1菌株孢子粉对水稻纹枯病的防病效果。结果表明,67-1菌株及其无菌发酵液对水稻纹枯病菌的菌丝生长、菌核的形成有明显的抑制作用,发酵液60℃处理30min后抑菌率有所下降,121℃处理30min抑菌活性丧失;孢子悬浮液和无菌发酵液处理不同时间菌核萌发率明显下降;67-1菌株孢子悬浮液土壤和种子处理后,能够提高水稻发芽率,促进水稻的生长;750g/hm²的孢子粉对水稻纹枯病有较好的防治作用,田间试验防病效果和保产效果分别达69.1%和22.4%,与20%井冈霉素可湿性粉剂没有显著差异。