吴旗柴沟流域植被物种多样性研究

为了解吴旗县植被自然恢复的基本过程及其物种多样性变化,对该县柴沟流域封禁多年的植物群落进行了研究,结果表明:柴沟流域植物种主要以猪毛蒿、达乌里胡枝子、赖草、铁杆蒿为主,阳坡的植被演替规律为猪毛蒿+狗尾草+华虫实→赖草+猪毛蒿(达乌里胡枝子、铁杆蒿、隐子草)→达乌里胡枝子+赖草(百里香、冷蒿、角蒿、铁杆蒿),阴坡植被恢复的演替规律为猪毛蒿(达乌里胡枝子、赖草)→铁杆蒿(冷蒿)。柴沟流域阴坡群落的物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度都较高,阳坡较低,混交林地的丰富度最大、均匀度最小。     

Potential for organic Chilean wine

Abstract

The potential for extending organic wine production in Chile is discussed in relation to its history and present situation. The main objective is to present an overview of the production of organic wine in Chile, its certification, and national and international markets. During the wine harvesting season in March and April 2006, the authors visited and interviewed staff at four Chilean organic wineries. The wineries were all situated in the wine-producing centre of the country and were of variable sizes. One of the certification bodies in Chile was also interviewed. In addition to the field studies and interviews in Chile, various written information has been used. Second to Argentina, Chile is the country that produces most wine in Latin America. Vineyards cover a total of 110 000 hectares of the country's two million hectares of arable land. A study carried out in 2005 showed that 2000 hectares (almost 2%) of vineyards are organically cultivated. The organic production is operated by 32 different companies, which produce organic wine mainly for exportation to the international market. In Chile, the number of certified organic wine producers has increased in recent years in a trend directed by international demand and possible competitive advantages for Chilean wines. In order for a wine to be called ‘organic’ or ‘wine made from organically grown grapes’, the cultivation and final product must be approved by a certification company. In Chile there are three main active certification bodies; one national (Certificadora Chile Orgánico, CCO) and two international (the Swiss company IMO and the German company BCS). The study reveals a country with innovation and energy but facing strong pressures from the international market and its jungle of laws and directives, and the differing prestige of different certifications and labels. Chile as a wine-producing country has many competitors, and the production of organic wine could be a way to find diversity and exploit new market ground where environmental consideration concerns and sustainability are important targets.     

民勤沙区主要植物群落退化特征及其演替趋势分析

优势种植物密度和优势种盖度以及全部植物密度和盖度在样方间均存在不同程度的差异,表明民勤的植物生长在受干旱荒漠环境影响的同时,局部小环境对植物的分布和生长有显著影响。沙蒿当年幼苗密度最大,但幼苗的成活率很低,群落的投影盖度越小,则当年幼苗密度越大;梭梭不能实现自然更新;沙拐枣的生态位宽度较大,各年龄小苗均存在,自然更新能力强。在民勤沙区人工梭梭林普遍退化,尤其在西沙窝一带,梭梭人工林退化更为严重,有被沙拐枣取代的趋势。由于梭梭群落均为人工林,群落内地表异质性较大,因此,草本植物种类较多。     

集水区森林动态模型模拟东北天然次生林的演替规律

运用基于个体的集水区森林动态模型(Catchment scale Forest Dynamic Mode,CFDM),对老爷岭张家沟次生林集水区进行了为期300 a的模拟,并预测了该区域天然次生林的演替发展进程.经过验证证明,所得模型能较准确地量化模拟出树种组成和蓄积量,并能合理地预测森林结构动态.长期演替结果显示:天...     

增加种源树种促进侧柏林演替技术及短期效果

根据徐州市云龙山侧柏林的现状及社会发展需要,制订了人工促进侧柏纯林演替的目标、原则,确定了间伐抚育和林窗开设的标准,提出了种源树种及其配置方式和栽植、管护技术方案.林分改造后各树种生长良好,植物多样性显著增加,景观质量明显改善,风景林的效能已初步形成.     

新疆喀纳斯旅游区森林群落次生演替与土壤肥力的关系

从土壤理化性质出发,利用多元统计方法和土壤肥力综合评价体系,对新疆喀纳斯旅游区森林群落次生演替过程中土壤肥力的变化特征进行了综合评价.结果表明,不同森林类型的土壤肥力综合指标值为阔叶林＞阔叶针叶混交林＞针叶阔叶混交林＞针叶混交林;不同森林演替阶段的土壤肥力综合指标值为演替前期＞演替中期＞演替后期.     

林窗模型研究进展

林窗模型是一类以气候因子(温度和降水)为主要驱动变量对森林动态进行模拟预测的方法, 因其参数易于获得和估计, 结构灵活而开放, 便于研究者根据需要进行适当的修改, 因而得到了迅速的发展, 在世界各地的许多森林类型中得到广泛应用。阐述了林窗模型假设及其发展变化, 系统总结了林窗模型树木生长方程以及影响树木生长的环境因子, 分析了林窗模型对树木死亡过程和更新过程的模拟方法, 指出目前林窗模型研究中存在的问题以及未来的发展方向。