紫色土地区秸秆覆盖耕层土壤养分动态分析

通过田间试验,研究了不同秸秆(水稻秸秆和玉米秸秆)不同量覆盖条件下早地油菜株高、花序数和分枝数的差异,以及0～10cm和10～20cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾和pH的动态变化过程,并进行了产量分析.结果表明:秸秆覆盖处理下油菜株高高于对照,有速腐剂处理的株高最高;秸秆覆盖处理花序数多于对照;速腐剂处理下一级分枝数高于不加速腐剂处理;覆盖处理的有机质和碱解氮含量均略高于对照;加速腐剂覆盖处理的产量最高.     

油菜水分胁迫的冠层表面温度特征及诊断研究

对油菜的冠层温度特征进行了研究,并在此基础上建立了油菜的冠气温差模型和CWSI模型。利用建立的CWSI模型对植株含水率进行预测,结果表明:油菜含水率预测值与实测值的平均相对误差小于9.2%;CWSI模型能够实现对油菜含水率的定性和定量分析。     

上海2BGKF-230U型油菜直播机的研制与试验研究

本文介绍了上海2BGKF－230U型油菜直播机的结构特点、操作要点及测试结果，分析了油菜直播机的经济效益和社会效益。     

Agricultural practice changes with cultivating genetically modified herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape

To facilitate weed suppression, oilseed rape or canola (Brassica napus) has been genetically modified (GM) over the last two decades to incorporate herbicide tolerance (HT). The introduction of oilseed rape in commercial agriculture raises concerns about potential adverse agronomic and environmental effects linked to both the genetic modification and altered agricultural practice. How will this new crop modify the existing cropping practice? What are the potential agro-environmental implications of its introduction? This paper analyses and schematises recorded and conceivable agricultural practice changes with GMHT oilseed rape introduction and its likely agro-environmental effects. It develops a conceptual systematics of influencing factors, subsequent practice changes and likely agro-environmental effects. The results can be used to design the mandatory monitoring of adverse GM crop effects.     

盐分胁迫对油菜碳酸酐酶活性的影响

对盐胁迫下油菜光合作用、碳酸酐酶活性和叶绿素含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,随着盐浓度的提高,碳酸酐酶活性下降,油菜的光合速率降低,叶绿素含量先增加后减少。这说明,盐胁迫抑制了碳酸酐酶的活性,不同程度地破坏了植物的光合机构,气孔关闭,碳酸酐酶对光合作用的调控作用使得碳酸酐酶活性降低的同时光合速率也下降;盐胁迫下植物叶片中叶绿素含量下降,其主要原因是由于NaCl能增强叶绿素酶活性,促进叶绿素分解。     

我国油菜全程机械化现状与技术影响因素分析

从生产与需求、种植区域分布、品种特点和生产机械化等角度出发,概述了我国油菜生产现状,分析了油菜生产全程机械化等技术问题;根据品种特点、种植方式、收获工艺3个方面与机械化的关系,阐述了油菜全程机械化的技术影响因素,指出了推进我国油菜生产机械化的主要技术途径.通过研究分析可知:油菜全程机械化是一个复杂的系统工程,必须从品种培育、规范农艺技术、改进和开发机械装备等3方面协调地解决;必须针对各主产区品种特点、自然条件和经济条件,集成并融合单项技术,建立油菜机械化的区域技术模式和技术体系,系统地推进油菜机械化发展.     

油菜联合收割机清选装置研究动态和技术分析

籽粒含杂率、清选损失率和清选效率是衡量联合收割机清选性能的主要指标。为此,通过对油菜脱出物特性、油菜联合收割机清选装置结构、清选机理等方面的研究,对清选装置进行参数优化,以实现油菜联合收割机籽粒含杂率和清选损失率最低、清选效率最高的目的。同时,介绍了国内外的研究动态,并对其进行了技术分析和发展前景展望。     

油菜联合收获机的作业适应性研究

本文以“向明4LZ(Y)―1.5A型”油菜联合收获机的田间作业试验为基础,肯定了该联合收获机的性能和油菜机收的发展方向,同时指出了收获机存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决办法和措施。     

油菜蚜虫田间防治药剂筛选

为了有效地控制油菜蚜虫的危害,筛选出可作为油菜蚜虫大田防治的经济、有效、环保的药剂,通过对药剂的安全性测定、田间药效试验以及各种药剂的经济效益分析来验证所选取的药剂对油菜蚜虫的防治效果和应用技术。试验表明:70%吡虫啉WP、5%地蚜灵DP、50%烯啶虫胺SWG、10%氟氯氰菊酯EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC、2.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC等6种药剂对油菜具有较好的安全性。田间药效试验结果表明:6种药剂对油菜蚜虫均有一定的防效,其中70%吡虫啉WP、5%地蚜灵DP、50%烯啶虫胺SWG第一次施药后10天防效为89.31%、93.99%和79.18%,而第二次施药后10天防效为89.80%、80.40%和86.35%。各药剂有利于油菜的生长发育,且油菜的经济性状较对照好,通过药剂防治油菜蚜虫,对其经济效益分析可知,6种药剂的投入产出比为1:6.53,其中地蚜灵DP投入产出比达到了1:11.88。5%地蚜灵DP、70%吡虫啉WP、50%烯啶虫胺SWG对油菜蚜虫有较好的防效,且对油菜安全,成本低,可作为油菜蚜虫大田的防治药剂。     

Effect of Timing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). I. Growth Dynamics and Seed Yield

The field experiments conducted on the grey‐brown podzolic soil in the four growing seasons (1998–2001) at Krzeslice Farm, central‐western Poland comprised seven fertilization variants: 80_NF + 80_CAN; 80_CAN + 80_CAN; 80_AN + 80_AN; 80_NF + 50_CAN + 30_CN; 80_CAN + 50_CAN +30_CN; 80_AN + 50_AN + 30_CN (where NF – nitrofos NPK; CAN – calcium‐ammonium nitrate; AN – ammonium nitrate; CN – calcium nitrate) and control (without N) applied in split rates at the beginning of spring regrowth (80 kg N ha^?1), stem elongation (80 or 50) and flower buds visible stages (30). The yielding effect of tested fertilization variants was significant in comparison with the control (2.24 t ha^?1). The highest mean seed yield (3.64 t ha^?1) was collected from 80_AN + 80_AN and 80_CAN + 80_CAN variants. Mean values of 4 years indicate that the second N rate division (80 + 50 + 30) decreased yield, although not significantly in comparison with these two N treatments. Plants grown on these treatments have developed different patterns of growth to yield the seeds. These patterns were characterized by very high crop growth rate during flowering (above 21 g m^?2 day^?1) and negative at maturation (down to ?2.5 g m^?2 day^?1). Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate (80_AN + 80_AN) reached maximum growth rate earlier (65 days), which lasted longer (20 days) than plants fertilized with calcium‐ammonium nitrate (71 days lasting 17.5 days). Plants grown on the control treatment reached the highest crop growth rate within 79 days (14.8 g m^?2 day^?1), which lasted 15 days.