贝类多倍体育种研究现状

我国是世界海水养殖大国，海水贝类在海水养殖中占有重要的地位，开展贝类多倍体育种，育苗和养殖，对于提高养殖贝类生长速度，增加出肉率，提高抗逆性意义重大，本文综述了国内外贝类多倍体育种的最新研究进展，特别对主要经济贝类多倍体诱导的物理，化学和生物方法，多倍体的检测方法以及多倍体贝类的生物学性状进行了论述。     

Effects of temperature on non-specific immune parameters in two scallop species: Argopecten irradians (Lamarck 1819) and Chlamys farreri (Jones & Preston 1904)

The effect of chronic (2 weeks) temperature (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31°C) on certain non‐specific immune parameters of two species of scallops, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck 1819) and Chlamys farreri (Jones & Preston 1904) were studied. The survival ratio of the two species of scallops at 31°C was the lowest. Haemocyte concentration of C. farreri in the 19 and 22°C treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the 25 and 28°C treatment groups but significantly higher than that of the 31°C treatment group. With elevation of seawater temperature, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities in sera of two scallop species increased and reached the peak at 25°C and then decreased. However, the specific activity of ALP and ACP of the 31°C treatment group was the highest. The results demonstrated that temperature of seawater significantly affected immunity of scallops. The concept that the stress of high environmental temperature on C. farreri may be partially responsible for the mass mortality of the organism is also introduced.     

海洋贝类病毒病研究进展

概述目前已报道的海洋贝类病毒病的病原生物学、组织病理学、细胞病理学和流行病学等方面的进展，提出了目前国内外海洋贝类病毒学研究中存在的问题并进行了展望。     

贝类壳色多态的研究概况及展望

贝类壳色在一定程度上呈现出多态性,并受环境、遗传等因素的调控,且与生长发育、营养成分有关.近十余年来,贝类在育苗与养殖过程中,病害频发、个体小型化[1].产生这些问题的原因与海区环境恶化、养殖结构不合理、病原生物增加等有关,也与其种质质量有关[2].     

海洋软体动物生殖调控相关神经肽的研究进展

阐述了海洋软体动物相关生殖调控类神经肽的研究并发现其在软体动物的性腺发育与成熟和繁殖功能的维持中起着重要作用。采用免疫组织化学、酶联免疫吸附测定以及高效液相色谱等方法在多种软体动物中检测到了多种神经肽的存在,主要分布于中枢神经以及周围神经系统。部分神经肽经过RT-PCR已克隆出其片段基因。该类神经肽在软体动物中具有广阔的研究空间,该研究将为软体动物生殖调控机理提供理论依据。     

Metabolomic investigations of American oysters using H-NMR spectroscopy

The Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a useful, robust model marine organism for tissue metabolism studies. Its relatively few organs are easily delineated and there is sufficient understanding of their functions based on classical assays to support interpretation of advanced spectroscopic approaches. Here we apply high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR)-based metabolomic analysis to C. virginica to investigate the differences in the metabolic profile of different organ groups, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to non-invasively identify the well separated organs. Metabolites were identified in perchloric acid extracts of three portions of the oyster containing: (1) adductor muscle, (2) stomach and digestive gland, and (3) mantle and gills. Osmolytes dominated the metabolome in all three organ blocks with decreasing concentration as follows: betaine > taurine > proline > glycine > ß-alanine > hypotaurine. Mitochondrial metabolism appeared most pronounced in the adductor muscle with elevated levels of carnitine facilitating ß-oxidation, and ATP, and phosphoarginine synthesis, while glycogen was elevated in the mantle/gills and stomach/digestive gland. A biochemical schematic is presented that relates metabolites to biochemical pathways correlated with physiological organ functions. This study identifies metabolites and corresponding ¹H NMR peak assignments for future NMR-based metabolomic studies in oysters.