魁蚶C型凝集素基因cDNA的克隆及表达分析

通过cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid amplification of c DNA ends,RACE)技术克隆得到魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)C型凝集素(C-type lectin,Sb-Lec1)基因,该基因全长为700 bp,其中,5′-UTR为29 bp,3′-UTR为167 bp,开放阅读框长度为504 bp,编码167个氨基酸,包括长度为23个氨基酸的信号肽序列、129个氨基酸的糖识别结构域(CRD)以及参与二硫键形成的6个半胱氨酸。预测蛋白分子量为19.11 k Da,理论等电点为4.74。多序列比对结果显示,Sb-Lec1基因CRD编码的氨基酸序列与长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)C型凝集素的同源性分别为38%~40%、34%~35%和38%~39%,Sb-Lec1基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他物种的凝集素基因具有相似的结构,均含有形成二硫键的4个保守半胱氨酸。系统进化分析结果显示,魁蚶先与贝类聚为一支,再与脊椎动物聚在一起,表明魁蚶Sb-Lec1基因在进化树上的位置与其传统分类所处位置一致。采用荧光定量PCR技术,检测了Sb-Lec1基因在组织中的表达情况,发现其在肝胰腺、血淋巴、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌、斧足中均有表达,其中,肝胰腺表达量最高。同时,分析了Sb-Lec1基因在鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)刺激下的mRNA表达量变化情况。结果显示,与对照组相比,菌刺激组Sb-Lec1基因mRNA在各检测组织中的表达量均显著上调(P0.05),随着刺激时间的延长,表达量呈先升高后降低的趋势。本研究表明,魁蚶Sb-Lec1基因在机体免疫防御方面发挥重要功能。     

中国美利奴羊不同MBL型个体感染绵羊肺炎支原体的免疫应答分析

为探讨中国美利奴羊不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素(MBL)型个体感染绵羊肺炎支原体的免疫应答变化,对4种不同MBL型个体进行MBL水平测定,选择其中20只作为对照组,50只为试验组,在相同饲养条件下试验组人工感染绵羊肺炎支原体,分别在攻毒前1 d(-1 d)、攻毒后1 d(1 d)、1周(7 d)、2周(14 d)、3周(21 d)用ELISA方法定量分析血清中TNF-α、IFN-γ、补体C1、C3水平.结果显示,A型和B型其MBL浓度较低,C型MBL浓度较高,与对照组相比,在攻毒后1周,A型和B型IFN-γ表达显著降低(P＜o.05),攻毒后2周,补体C3表达显著降低,TNF-α升高显著(P＜0.05);与A型和B型相比,在攻毒后1周,C型IFN-γ表达增加(P＜0.05),在攻毒后2周,补体C3表达增加、TNF-α显著降低(P＜o.05),补体C1各组均不显著.结论:低血清MBL浓度与绵羊支原体肺炎有一定的相关性,不同基因型之间其TNF-α、IFN-γ、补体C1、C3水平有差异,低浓度MBL绵羊更易发生比较严重的炎症反应.     

糖基化磁性纳米粒子的制备及其对凝集素的富集分离

为了构建简单高效的病原微生物分离纯化方法,首先制备了双金属磁性纳米粒子Au-Fe3O4,然后在Au组份的表面修饰了可特异性结合凝集素及病原微生物的的乳糖基(Lac),获得了糖基化磁性纳米粒子Lac-Au-Fe3O4,并进一步研究了Lac-Au-Fe3O4与蓖麻凝集素(RCA120)之间的反应及其对RCA120分离效率的影响,结果表明:1)Au-Fe3O4纳米粒子尺寸均一(8+14 nm),呈哑铃状,Au和Fe3O4组份分别位于哑铃的两端;2)Lac-Au-Fe3O4具有良好的水溶性和磁学性质,在30 min之内可特异性地与RCA120充分结合;3)在外加磁场作用下,Lac-Au-Fe3O4对水溶液中RCA120的分离效率约为70％,可有效分离微量样品(1 nmol/L).通过本实验,笔者对糖基化磁性纳米粒子的制备及其与凝集素的反应有了较为深入的了解,为进一步发展简单、快速的病原微生物分离方法奠定了基础.     

理化因素对白芸豆凝集素生物学活性影响

[目的]研究物理与化学因子对白芸豆凝集素生物学活性的影响,为白芸豆凝集素开发利用奠定理论基础和提供技术参考.[方法]白芸豆（Phaseolus vulgarisL）种子经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose离子交换和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析得到凝集素（PVL）;然后以不同温度和pH梯度、不同金属离子、不同变性剂处理样品,通过倍比稀释法测定凝集素的生物学活性.[结果]白芸豆凝集素能使兔血红细胞发生凝集,在20～70℃红细胞凝集活性不受影响,当温度达到80℃时凝集素样品仅有25％凝血活性,85℃加热30 min凝血活性全部消失.用EDTA溶液处理后,白芸豆凝集素失去凝血活性,金属离子Mg2＋和K＋能恢复凝血活性,Mn2＋能完全恢复凝血活性,Ba2＋、Cu2＋、Fe3＋、Ca2＋不能使凝血活性恢复.白芸豆凝集素在缓冲液pH低于4.0时凝血活性逐步降低,在pH 3.0时,活性仅有45％;在缓冲液pH高于7.2时活性逐步降低,pH 9.0时凝血活性仅有44％.3种变性剂变性试验中,脲能使凝集素凝血活性降低70％,盐酸胍能降低30％,SDS能降低18％.[结论]白芸豆凝集素具很强的热稳定性和广谱酸碱度适应能力;凝血活性依赖Mn2＋等金属离子,且仅能被变性剂6 mol/L脲部分抑制.在实际应用中,可根据适宜条件控制其物理和化学因素,防止凝集素变性失活.     

菊芋块茎发育期凝集素基因的鉴定和表达分析

凝集素是生物中普遍存在的一类糖结合蛋白,通过特异识别不同糖基而介导多种生物过程。本研究以‘南菊芋1号’为研究材料,克隆并鉴定了12个凝集素基因。利用生物信息学分析这些基因编码蛋白的性质表明:等电点为4.96~5.23,偏酸性;依据其特异性糖基结合域归为三类:8个属于木菠萝家族(JRL),2个属于雪花莲家族(GNA),2个属于卫欧矛家族(EUL);其二级结构主要为无规则卷曲,三级结构主要构象成分为β片层。基于转录组数据分析表明,根中HtJRL4/HtGNA2、茎中HtJRL3、叶中HtJRL1、初始块茎中HtEUL1/HtEUL2/HtGNA2和成熟块茎中HtJRL6的表达更为丰富。RT-qPCR分析显示,多数菊芋凝集素基因在块茎发育的中期和/或后期表达丰度显著高于前期,但各自又呈现较大的变化差异,推测其可能作为块茎的贮藏蛋白或参与信号转导和胁迫感知。本研究结果将为后续深入研究凝集素功能和选育优良菊芋品种提供科学基础。     

Breeding of tetra null soybean (Glycine max) for lipoxygenase,kunitz trypsin inhibitor,lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins

Soybean seed includes various bioactive substances. Also, they contain a variety of antinutritional factors including lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. The genetic removal of these proteins will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed new soybean with tetra recessive alleles (lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1) for lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. Seven parents were used to breed tetra null strain. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to determine the presence or absence of lipoxygenase, 7S α' subunit, KTI, and lectin proteins in mature seed. Tetra null soybean line has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, tan pod, and yellow seed coat colour. Stem height of the breeding line was 62.3 cm. The 100‐seed weight of the breeding line was 27.1 g and yield (t/ha) was 2.84. This is the first soybean strain with lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1 genotype (absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins).     

香蕉凝集素基因启动子5′远端的分离分析及鉴定

在已知香蕉果实特异表达凝集素(BanLec)启动子670 bp序列的基础上,利用染色体步移方法,克隆获得该段序列5′端上游远端序列330 bp,从而得到该启动子1 000 bp序列。通过Promoter predictions、Plant CARE软件分析表明,新获得的BanLec启动子5′端330 bp序列中具有更多组织特异性表达调控元件。构建总长度为1 000 bp的BanLec启动子表达载体,以35 S启动子和原有670 bp长度BanLec启动子表达载体为对照,利用基因枪转化香蕉根、叶和果实,测量GUS基因和GFP基因瞬时表达,结果证明长度为1 000 bp BanLec启动子为果实特异表达启动子,启动活性高于原有的670 bp BanLec启动子和35S启动子。     

MytiLec,a Mussel R-Type Lectin,Interacts with Surface Glycan Gb3 on Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cells to Trigger Apoptosis through Multiple Pathways

MytiLec; a novel lectin isolated from the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis); shows strong binding affinity to globotriose (Gb3: Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc). MytiLec revealed β-trefoil folding as also found in the ricin B-subunit type (R-type) lectin family, although the amino acid sequences were quite different. Classification of R-type lectin family members therefore needs to be based on conformation as well as on primary structure. MytiLec specifically killed Burkitt''s lymphoma Ramos cells, which express Gb3. Fluorescein-labeling assay revealed that MytiLec was incorporated inside the cells. MytiLec treatment of Ramos cells resulted in activation of both classical MAPK/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) and stress-activated (p38 kinase and JNK) Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways. In the cells, MytiLec treatment triggered expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (a ligand of death receptor-dependent apoptosis) and activation of mitochondria-controlling caspase-9 (initiator caspase) and caspase-3 (activator caspase). Experiments using the specific MEK inhibitor U0126 showed that MytiLec-induced phosphorylation of the MEK-ERK pathway up-regulated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, leading to cell cycle arrest and TNF-α production. Activation of caspase-3 by MytiLec appeared to be regulated by multiple different pathways. Our findings, taken together, indicate that the novel R-type lectin MytiLec initiates programmed cell death of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells through multiple pathways (MAPK cascade, death receptor signaling; caspase activation) based on interaction of the lectin with Gb3-containing glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains on the cell surface.     

Entry Inhibition of Influenza Viruses with High Mannose Binding Lectin ESA-2 from the Red Alga Eucheuma serra through the Recognition of Viral Hemagglutinin

Lectin sensitivity of the recent pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1-2009) was screened for 12 lectins with various carbohydrate specificity by a neutral red dye uptake assay with MDCK cells. Among them, a high mannose (HM)-binding anti-HIV lectin, ESA-2 from the red alga Eucheuma serra, showed the highest inhibition against infection with an EC₅₀ of 12.4 nM. Moreover, ESA-2 exhibited a wide range of antiviral spectrum against various influenza strains with EC₅₀s of pico molar to low nanomolar levels. Besides ESA-2, HM-binding plant lectin ConA, fucose-binding lectins such as fungal AOL from Aspergillus oryzae and AAL from Aleuria aurantia were active against H1N1-2009, but the potency of inhibition was of less magnitude compared with ESA-2. Direct interaction between ESA-2 and a viral envelope glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), was demonstrated by ELISA assay. This interaction was effectively suppressed by glycoproteins bearing HM-glycans, indicating that ESA-2 binds to the HA of influenza virus through HM-glycans. Upon treatment with ESA-2, no viral antigens were detected in the host cells, indicating that ESA-2 inhibited the initial steps of virus entry into the cells. ESA-2 would thus be useful as a novel microbicide to prevent penetration of viruses such as HIV and influenza viruses to the host cells.     

Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) bacterial infection and confinement stress acts on F‐type lectin (DlFBL) serum modulation

The F‐lectin, a fucose‐binding protein found from invertebrates to ectothermic vertebrates, is the last lectin family to be discovered. Here, we describe effects of two different types of stressors, bacterial infection and confinement stress, on the modulation of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) F‐lectin (DlFBL), a well‐characterized serum opsonin, using a specific antibody. The infection of the Vibrio alginolyticus bacterial strain increased the total haemagglutinating activity during the 16‐day testing period. The DlFBL value showed an upward regulation on the first, second and last days and underwent a slight downward regulation 4 days post‐challenge. In contrast, the effect of confinement and density stress showed a decrease in the plasma concentration of lectin, ranging from 50% to 60% compared with the control. The modulation of DlFBL is in line with the hypothesis that humoral lectins could be involved and recruited in the initial recognition step of the inflammation, which leads to agglutination, and the activation of mechanisms responsible for killing of the pathogens.