降糖降压汤对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者脂肪因子及细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨降糖降压汤对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者脂肪因子与细胞因子的影响。方法 将糖尿病合并高血压患者100例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组患者行常规西药降糖降压治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗基础上,加用降糖降压汤治疗。治疗4周后,观察两组患者治疗前后血糖、血压、血脂及血浆他扎罗汀诱导基因 2（Chemerin）、血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、脂联素（APN）、脑钠肽（BNP）的变化。结果 观察组总有效率为94%,对照组总有效率为76%,观察组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后两组血糖、血压、血清三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、Chemerin、Hcy、BNP较治疗前均明显下降（P<0.05）,且观察组比对照组下降更明显（P<0.05）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、APN较治疗前均有所上升（P<0.05）,且观察组比对照组上升更明显（P<0.05）。结论 降糖降压汤对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的脂肪因子及细胞因子有较好的调节功效及临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

阿尔泰瑞香提取物的体外抗炎及抗氧化活性

目的 探讨阿尔泰瑞香二氯甲烷提取物（Da-Dm）的体外抗炎及抗氧化活性。方法 以不同浓度（1、6、30 μg/mL）的Da-Dm作用于脂多糖（LPS,1 μg/mL）诱导的RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞,采用CCK-8法测定Da-Dm对细胞增殖的影响;Griess法检测细胞上清液中一氧化氮（NO）的释放量;ELISA法检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的分泌量。以维生素C为对照,采用FRAP法、DPPH法评价Da-Dm总抗氧化能力。结果 Da-Dm在浓度为30 μg/mL及以下时对RAW264.7细胞增殖没有影响。与LPS组比较,1~30 μg/mL的Da-Dm可明显降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量（P<0.05,P<0.01）,并呈现浓度依赖性。Da-Dm对DPPH自由基有较好的清除能力,其清除率的IC50为318.1 μg/mL,在FRAP实验中其对Fe²⁺离子具有较强的还原能力。结论 Da-Dm可以抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,它的抗炎作用可能与抑制NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的释放有关。Da-Dm具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

清温消热饮对小鼠LPS致炎模型血清中炎性因子的影响

为了解促炎、抗炎细胞因子在小鼠LPS致炎模型中的动态变化,探讨中药方剂清温消热饮的抗炎治疗作用,采用酶联免疫法测定112例用LPS致小鼠急性炎症模型治疗过程中血清中促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE2)、抗炎因子(IL-10)含量。与LPS致小鼠急性炎症模型组比较:清温消热饮组在18、24 h血清中IL-1β含量明显降低,差异显著(P0.05);清温消热饮组在6、12、18 h血清中TNF-α含量明显降低,6、18 h差异显著(P0.05),12 h差异极显著(P0.01);清温消热饮组血清中的PGE2含量均低于模型组,在6、18、24、36 h时血清中的PGE2含量明显降低,差异极显著(P0.01);清温消热饮组在18、48 h血清中IL-10含量明显升高,差异极显著(P0.01)。同时,清温消热饮组与地塞米松组在各时间段血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、PGE2含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明,清温消热饮在急性炎症模型中能有效降低血清促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE2含量水平,提升抗炎因子(IL-10)含量水平以表现出明显的抗炎作用。     

Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicinal Polysaccharide Extraction on NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA Expression in Different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ Genotype of Chickens Lymphocyte

In order to explore the effect of compound Chinese herbal medicines polysaccharides(cCHMPS) on immunomodulatory in different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chickens,200 White feather broiler were chosen and PCR-SSCP technique was applied to analyze the polymorphism of MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ gene. The peripheral blood were collected according to the different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype,and the lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and the cCHMPS were added with a final concentration of 100,75,50 and 0 μg/mL for co-culturing 24 h.Then the expression of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA in lymphocyte using Real-time PCR method were detected. The results showed that:Compared with the control group,different does of cCHMPS could significantly improve NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA expression levels in chicken with different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotypes (P<0.05), and when the cCHMPS concentration was 50 μg/mL,the NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA expression levels in lymphocyte of AB and AA genotype chicken were significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05).The NF-κB,IL-6 mRNA expression levels of AC genotype chicken were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). The TNF-α mRNA expression levels of AC genotype chicken were significantly higher than the other groups when cCHMPS was 100 μg/mL (P<0.05).There results indicated that the cCHMPS could stimulate NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA expression in different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chickens,and the optimum immunomodulatory does were different in each MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chicken.     

基于电项针对失眠大鼠下丘脑免疫细胞因子影响的实验研究

目的 观察不同频率电项针对睡眠剥夺大鼠下丘脑内免疫因子白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量的影响,明确电项针对失眠的治疗作用,并探讨其发挥促眠效应的可能作用机制。方法 将50只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、2 Hz刺激组、50 Hz刺激组、100 Hz刺激组,每组10只。采用对氯苯丙氨酸（PCPA）化法制作失眠大鼠模型。造模成功后,各频率刺激组连续1周进行电项针干预治疗,1次/日,30 min/次,空白组和模型组每日在相应时间仿照刺激组固定躯体,不进行任何处置。各组于治疗结束后处死大鼠后迅速分离下丘脑组织,运用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量。结果 模型组大鼠下丘脑中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α浓度明显低于空白组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,各频率刺激组IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α浓度均升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;各频率刺激组之间比较,2 Hz刺激组下丘脑IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量高于50 Hz和100 Hz组（P<0.05）,50Hz组和100Hz组间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 不同频率电项针治疗失眠均有效,各频率组电项针治疗比较,2Hz刺激组的促眠作用最好,其促眠作用的机制可能与调节下丘脑内免疫因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量相关。     

Phenotypical parameters as a tool to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of laminarin in Oncorhynchus mykiss

Laminarin is a β‐glucan from the brown algae Laminaria digitata (J.V. Lamour), which can activate innate immune responses. With the aim of developing a strategy to evaluate specific phenotypical parameters of the effects of laminarin in trout innate immunity, we (i) fed fish with laminarin‐supplemented diet (0.2 g kg^?1 day^?1) for 21 days and (ii) treated fish with a single dose of intraperitoneal injected laminarin (0.08 g kg^?1 fish). The evaluation of cellular and humoral immune parameters was established at phenotypic level by the phagocytic activity of headkidney macrophages and detection of inflammatory cytokines in head kidney and gill tissue by indirect ELISA. Results showed that both delivery methods of laminarin produce an increase in the phagocytic activity in head kidney macrophages and a significant increase in the production of TNFα and IL‐8 in gill tissue at day 21. Additionally, some of these parameters were significantly correlated (P < 0.025), which places them as new potential combined markers to detect activation of trout defense mechanisms by laminarin. These results highlight the importance of developing new protocols to quantitate immune parameters, in order to evaluate immunostimulants in fish farming.     

银杏叶提取物对肉仔鸡淋巴细胞增殖及细胞因子水平的影响

为了研究银杏叶提取物(EGB)对肉仔鸡淋巴细胞增殖及细胞因子水平的影响。将360只1日龄健康AA肉用母雏鸡随机分成5组,每组6个重复,其中一组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;其余4组分别饲喂添加0.009%金霉素及0.15%、0.20%和0.25% EGB的日粮,试验期为42天。测定肉仔鸡外周血和脾脏淋巴细胞转化率以及血清中细胞因子IL-1、IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量。结果显示,日粮中添加不同水平EGB可促进肉仔鸡外周血和脾脏淋巴细胞增殖转化,提高血清中细胞因子IL-1、IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α的水平,并且在日粮中添加EGB的作用效果比添加金霉素的作用效果好。表明日粮中添加EGB可增强肉仔鸡的免疫功能。     

Adjuvant Effects of Recombinant Plasmids of Porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ to Cysticercosis cellulosae Vaccines in Mice and Pigs

To investigate the adjuvant potential of porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ in mice and pigs, the genes of porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ were cloned and the recombinant mammalian expression plasmids were constructed for in vivo expression of the cytokines. Adjuvant effects of recombinant expression plasmids of IL-4 and IFN-γ （pcDNA-IL-4, pcDNA-IFN-γ） co-administrated with Cysticercus cellulosae crude antigen or TSOL18 recombinant protein antigen have been carried out in mice and pigs, respectively. We have demonstrated that recombinant plasmids of the cytokines as an adjuvant could induce stronger immune response in mice and pigs. With the C. cellulosae parasite antigen, porcine pcDNA-IL-4 induced higher specific antibody of immunized mice than pcDNA-IFN-γ. But pcDNA-IFN-γ is significantly stronger than that of no adjuvant or empty plasmids with the antigen control group. For the TSOL18 recombinant protein antigen vaccine, pcDNA-IL-4 still had a stronger ability to enhance specific antibody in swine than pcDNA-IFN-γ （P 〈 0.01）, but the immune protective rate was lower in challenged pigs （only 68.7%）. Although pcDNA-IFN-γ showed lower specific antibody, the protection rate was very high （91%） than other group （P 〈 0.01）. This study indicated that the recombinant expression plasmids of porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ display stronger adjuvant effects to C. cellulosae vaccine, further research should be carried out for understanding of the interaction mechanism.     

Fucoidan Extracted from Fucus Evanescens Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Damage in a Mouse Model of Endotoxemia

An important problem of treating patients with endotoxemia is to find drugs to reduce the negative effects of endotoxin on the organism. We tested fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharide) from the brown alga Fucus evanescens as a potential drug in a mouse model of endotoxemia inducted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The survival time of mice injected with LPS increased under fucoidan treatment compared with the group of mice injected with LPS only. The preventive administration of fucoidan to mice with endotoxemia resulted in inhibition of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6), as well as decreasing of the processes of hypercoagulability. The parenteral or per os administration of fucoidan resulted in decreasing the degree of microcirculatory disorders and secondary dystrophic-destructive changes in parenchymal organs of mice with endotoxemia. Taken together, these results demonstrate that fucoidan prevents endotoxin-induced damage in a mouse model of endotoxemia and increases the mice’s resistance to LPS.     

动物细胞因子研究进展

细胞因子是免疫活性细胞和其它细胞分泌的具有多种生物活性的多肽或蛋白质 ,这些细胞因子是重要的信息传递物质 ,特别在免疫、炎症和造血系统等生物学反应过程中具有重要的作用。近几年 ,细胞因子的研究已成为生物学研究中最活跃的领域之一。新的细胞因子不断被发现 ,大量的细胞因子正在或将要应用于医学临床。细胞因子的研究带动了整个免疫学的发展。其应用展现出广阔的前景。文章简要介绍了动物细胞因子的作用及其应用前景 ,包括细胞因子与免疫抑制的关系、细胞因子在免疫增强剂和免疫治疗剂、构建新型基因工程苗以及细胞因子对于蛋白质、脂肪和葡萄糖代谢的调控作用等方面的主要研究进展