西瓜新品种抗枯萎病鉴定

西瓜枯萎病(Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.niveum)是1种严重危害西瓜生产的土传病害。该病的病原菌可在病残体上存活7-10年,导致该病逐年加重。由于土壤消毒技术难度大,成本高,选用抗病品种成为防治该病的首选方法,为此,安徽省农业科学院培育出一批抗枯萎病西瓜品种。经鉴定:有4个品种为高抗品种,2个为中抗品种。     

行道树枯萎病害及防治

阐述了行道树枯萎病害在大通县的发生现状,并针对病原体的发生规律提出防治措施。     

西蒙得木枯萎病的研究——Ⅱ.病原菌生物学特性和病害发生发展规律

引起西蒙得木枯萎病的4种镰刀菌在10～35℃温度范围内均能生长和产生分生孢子,菌丝生长以25～30℃最适,产分生孢子以30～35℃最好。分生孢子萌发所需最适温度因茵种不同而异。茵丝生长和分生孢子萌发能适应的 pH 值较广,但以 pH6～8为佳。分生孢子萌发需高湿条件,以水滴中萌发率最高。菌丝生长所需碳源以淀粉最好,纤维素最差,氮源以蛋白质、天门冬酰胺较好,尿素较差。大田环境下,病株地上部分症状以旱季(云南11月至翌年5月)表现较明显,出现病情高峰;进入雨季(6月至10月)症状相对稳定或消退。病害的发生发展与土壤条件、地形地势以及栽培措施有一定的关系,尤与土壤条件关系最为密切。控制该病应采用以栽培管理措施为主,辅以其它防治方法的综合治理。     

丛枝菌根菌剂对大田棉花抗病性及产量的影响

在大田棉花上接种两种丛枝菌根真菌(Glomus mosseae 和Glomus etunicatum).两种处理的发病率和病情指数比对照都有显著下降,其中最低的处理(G. etunicatum)分别降低了47.8;和56.6;.两种处理的皮棉产量比对照都有显著增加,分别增产了48.0;和13.6;.两种处理的丛枝菌根侵染情况表现出与产量的正相关关系.     

棉枯萎抗性与接菌量关系的研究

在不同接菌量条件下对感病和抗病品种的病株率和病情指数进行了研究，结果表明：不同接菌量间品种病情指数存在显著差异，１０００和 ７５０ ｇ／ｍ２接菌量的病情指数极显著高于 ２５０ ｍ／ｍ２，表现出品种病情指数随接菌量增大而增高。品种病株率与接菌量之间里显著正相关且具有直线回归关系。在品种的选育进程中，加大接菌量可以加速选育进度和提高选育效果。     

生姜姜瘟病发病原因与防治对策

姜瘟病是生姜在生产过程中最主要、危害最重的病害,对生姜的产量及质量造成极大的影响.文章就近几年在平乐县无公害蔬菜生姜生产过程中姜瘟病的危害日趋严重的现状,分析和探讨姜瘟病的发病原因,并提出了相应的防治对策,为今后生姜规模化发展提供了真实的技术依据.     

生物有机肥对连作西瓜土壤酶活性和呼吸强度的影响

研究了生物有机肥对连作西瓜土壤酶和呼吸强度的影响,结果表明:施用生物有机肥对土壤酶影响不同,施肥处理2周时土壤过氧化氢酶活性均比对照低,刺激了土壤脲酶活性,有机肥处理提高了土壤呼吸强度,但随处理时间的延长,并不能长期维持下去,土壤脲酶活性和呼吸强度都有下降趋势,有机肥V施用后连作西瓜枯萎病发病率有增加趋势,有机肥II防治效果较好。     

穿心莲,胡椒枯萎病病原鉴定

对广东省２种重要的栽培药用植物：穿心莲及胡椒的估萎病进行了调查和鉴定。明确了２种药用植物病害的病原，并进一步对尖孢镰刀菌进行了专化型测定。根据形态，培养性状及致病性试验，鉴定出穿心莲枯萎病系由Ｆｕｓｒｍｕｍ ａｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ Ｓｃｈｌ．ｆ．ｓｐ．ａｎｄｒｏｇｒｐａｈｉｓ Ｋ．Ｘ．Ｚｈｏｕ ｅｔ Ｐ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｉ，ｆ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．引起，采用浸根接种获得成功。胡椒枯萎病系由Ｆ．ａｘｙｓｐａｒｕｍ Ｓ     

伽师甜瓜嫁接栽培的防病增产效果研究

以黑籽南瓜为砧木,伽师甜瓜为接穗,采用不同的嫁接方法和育苗方法,研究了嫁接对伽师甜瓜幼苗和植株生物学特性及枯萎病抗性、产量、品质的影响。结果表明,4种嫁接方法都有较强的亲和性,在无土育苗条件下,嫁接苗成活率均在77.7%以上,显著高于有土育苗的成活率(68.1%)。各嫁接伽师瓜幼苗根系比自根苗根系发达,嫁接苗的各项生长指标均显著高于自根苗,尤其是伽师瓜嫁接苗的叶绿素含量、光合速率及地上干样质量均显著高于自根苗。嫁接苗田间防效达到95.4%以上,无土育苗嫁接效果比有土育苗好,嫁接伽师甜瓜比自根伽师甜瓜增产75.9%～112.3%,增产效果主要表现在后期产量上。     

Suppression of spinach wilt disease by biological soil disinfestation incorporated with Brassica juncea plants in association with changes in soil bacterial communities

Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) is a method of controlling soil-borne pests and diseases through anaerobic decomposition of plant biomass incorporated in field soil with temporary irrigation and covering with sheets. In this study, effects of BSD on suppression of spinach wilt disease were investigated in two different field experiments using mainly Brassica juncea plants as plant biomass. Soil bacterial community compositions were analyzed with clone library analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences to determine the relationship between the bacterial composition in the treated soil and suppression of the disease. For the BSD-treated soils, oxidation–reduction potential dropped, and acetate was usually detected at high concentrations. Although the control treatment (irrigation and polythene covering without biomass) decreased the wilt disease incidence in spinach plants cultivated in the treated plot as compared with those for the non-treated plot, BSD-treatments suppressed the disease more effectively. The clone library results showed that both non-treated and control soils contained diversified bacterial communities of various phylogenetic groups, while members of the Firmicutes mainly from the class Clostridia dominated in the BSD-treated soils. The clostridial groups detected were diverse and the major clone groups were closely related to strictly anaerobic fermentative bacteria such as Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium cylindrosporum, Clostridium sufflavum, and Clostridium xylanovorans. These clostridial groups were almost eliminated from the soil bacterial community when the BSD-treated soil was treated again with irrigation and covering without biomass before the next cropping, in which the wilt disease was hardly suppressed.