基于界限温度的贵德木本花卉观赏期确定

近年来,贵德县以生态为本、旅游为基,大力发展观光农业,为了做好观光农业的气象服务,选取贵德三河地区观光农业中主要种植的月季和牡丹两种木本花卉,应用贵德1961~2016年国家基本站观测资料,通过文献查证花卉的开始生长至开花期的气象指标,分析贵德地区月季和牡丹开始生长至开花期相关的界限温度,确定出贵德地区月季和牡丹萌芽期,利用积温法确定出开花期的积温指标,确定出最佳赏花期,以便提高各特色观光园中花卉的种植,来延长园中花卉观赏期,游客选择各花卉的最佳观赏期,提高观赏效果。     

Relationships between rainfall characteristics and ephemeral gully erosion in a cultivated catchment in Sicily (Italy)

Recent research has shown a lack of long-term monitoring for detailed analysis of gully erosion response to climate characteristics. Measures carried out from 1995 to 2007 in a wheat-cultivated area in Raddusa (Sicily, Italy), represent one of the longest series of field data on ephemeral gully, EG, erosion. The data set collected in a surface area of almost 80 ha, permits analysis of the influence of rainfall on EG formation and development. Ephemeral gullies formed in the study area were measured on a yearly scale with a Post-Processing Differential GPS for length and with a steel tape for the width and depth of transversal sections. Ephemeral gully formation was observed for 8 years out of 12, which corresponds to a return period of 1.5 years. The measurements show strong temporal variability in EG erosion, in agreement with the rainfall characteristics. The total eroded volumes ranged between 0 and ca. 800 m³ year⁻¹, with a mean of ca. 420 m³ year⁻¹, corresponding to ca. 0.6 kg m⁻² year⁻¹. Ephemeral gully erosion in the study area is directly and mainly controlled by rainfall events. An antecedent rainfall index, the maximum value of 3-days rainfall (H_max3_d), is the rain parameter which best accounts for EG erosion. This index is used here as a simple surrogate for soil water content. An H_max3_d threshold of 51 mm was observed for EG formation. The return period of the H_max3_d threshold is almost the same as the return period for EG formation. Although a mean of seven erosive rain events were recorded in a year, EG formation and development generally occur during a single erosive event, similarly to other semiarid environments. The most critical period is that comprised between October and January, when the soil is wetter and the vegetation cover is scarce. Empirical models for EG eroded volume estimation were obtained using the data set collected at this site. A simple power-type equation is proposed to estimate the eroded volumes using H_max3_d as an independent variable. This equation shows an R² equal to 0.67 and a standard error of estimation of 0.79.     

Dose-related antinociceptive effects of intravenous buprenorphine in cats

The dose-related antinociceptive effects of intravenous (IV) buprenorphine were evaluated in cats. Thermal (TT) and mechanical threshold (MT) devices were used for nociceptive stimulation. After baseline threshold recordings, buprenorphine was administered IV (0.01, 0.02 or 0.04 mg/kg; B1, B2 and B4, respectively) in a randomised, blinded and cross-over study. Data were analysed by ANOVA (P < 0.05) using 95% confidence intervals (CI). TT increased 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.2 ± 2.7 °C), 2, 3 and 4 h after B1; 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.1 ± 3.9 °C) and 2 h after B2, and 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.4 ± 3.3 °C), 2, 3, 6 and 8 h after B4. MT increased 15 and 45 min after B2 (260 ± 171 mmHg), and 30 (209 ± 116 mmHg) and 45 min and 1 and 2 h after B4. At 45 min, MT values were significantly higher after B2 compared to B1 (P < 0.05). With MT, B2 and B4 produced more antinociception and longer duration of action than B1, respectively. No dose response to thermal stimulation was detected.     

菜蛾的发育起点温度和有效积温研究

采用18、21、24、27、30℃5个温度对菜蛾(Plutella xylostellaL)各虫态(龄)发育起点温度和有效积温进行了测定。结果表明,卵、幼虫、蛹在18~30℃范围内均能正常生长发育,尤以24~27℃条件下最适宜于菜蛾的生长发育,发育速率与温度呈直线关系。卵、一龄幼虫、二龄幼虫、三龄幼虫、四龄幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为11.07、9.49、9.96、10.20、9.96、8.96℃,有效积温分别为47.10、36.90、34.03、33.62、34.03、72.83日.度。在宁夏菜蛾一年可发生6~7代,在沙芥生长期发生3~4代。     

基于正交小波系数的阈值降噪法

依据信号与噪声小波变换系数的差异,提出的用阈值法去噪可以很好的使噪声得到抑制,且几乎保留了原始信号所有的特征点.本文详细阐述了小波分析信噪分离的基本原理和方法,通过仿真分析得到良好的效果,为信号去噪提供一条有效的途径.     

玉米对持续干旱的反应及红壤干旱阈值

 【目的】研究玉米对红壤干旱的反应以及红壤干旱程度定量表达和干旱阈值。【方法】在田间小区遮雨条件下种植夏玉米，设置连续干旱12～36 d等6个处理，用FDR水分仪每日测量0～60 cm不同土层含水量，定期观测玉米植株生长状况和气孔导度，收割后考种。【结果】玉米的株高、茎粗、气孔导度、根系数量等测量值在不同干旱天数之后显著降低，在不同土壤干旱程度下出现阈值反应，连续干旱25 d之后，玉米籽粒产量显著降低5%。干旱过程中，土层贮水量和累积相对失水量之间的关系可以用对数线性方程表示，将方程的斜率转换为取值在［0，1］区间的指数D，可以定量表达土壤干旱程度。【结论】D值既可以表示土壤干旱状况又可以表示作物受旱程度，玉米拔节－抽穗期红壤干旱程度D达到0.55则产量显著降低。     

自动土壤水分站资料质量控制及其相关关系分析

以距离自动土壤水分站最近的人工观测地段的历史土壤水分资料为依据,开展对应的自动土壤水分站观测资料的质量控制阈值研究.统计有土壤水分观测任务的各台站近30年10 ～ 50 cm深度5个层次人工观测的土壤重量含水率最大、最小值,且分析与本站凋萎湿度和田间持水量的相关性,作为自动土壤水分站所属区域片上的极值,完成区域极值检查规则的定义.通过分析人工站历年极值序列的均方差确定条件阈值范围和安全指标,实现该区域内自动土壤水分站资料的实时质量控制;通过邻近站资料对比、时序检查等自检方法完成人工干预质量控制.     

亚洲玉米螟化性类型的初步研究

本文对自然发生的亚洲玉米螟的一代越冬型和二代越冬型的滞育后发育历期和临界光周期等进行了初步研究。结果表明，在26℃、16小时光照条件下，一代越冬幼虫的滞育后发育历期是：雌虫54.88±1.14天，雄虫53.59±1.42天．二代越冬幼虫的滞育后发育历期是：雌虫28.14±0.99天，雄虫28.47±1.24天。一代越冬型的冬蛹重为0.0757±0.0036克，二代越冬型的冬蛹重为0.0593±0.0021克。在26℃条件下，一代越冬型的临界光周期为14小时30分钟．二代越冬型的临界光周期为13小时40分钟。在26℃、15.50小时光照条件下，一代越冬型的发育历期是：幼虫17.7284±0.2664天，蛹8.3276±0.9930天，二代越冬型的发育历期是：幼虫15.9500±0.2235天，蛹重7.7129±0.1102天．经分析认为，公主岭地区自然发生的亚洲玉米螟存在一化性类型和二化性类型，这两种化性类型具有明显的差异，可以区分开．对此项内容的深入研究有助于解决亚洲玉米螟大发生预测预报和综合防治的疑难问题。     

露地栽培条件下大白菜氮肥投入阈值研究

通过田间试验,研究了不同施氮量对大白菜产量、氮肥利用率、硝态氮残留量的影响。结果表明,施氮对大白菜有显著的增产作用,但随着施氮量的增加产量变化不大,产量对施氮量的反应呈平台模式。氮肥利用率在3.3%-12.6%,并且随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在施氮量为656.4 kg/hm^2（纯氮300 kg/hm^2＋有机肥12 000 kg/hm^2）时,氮肥利用率和作物产量最高。合理控制氮肥用量会促进作物对土壤氮素的吸收。施氮可明显提高0-180 cm剖面土壤NO3--N的累积量,残留的NO3--N的分布随施氮量的增加而显著增加,并且随施氮量的增加残留深度下移,表现出明显的底层累积。各处理土壤氮均集中在0-100 cm土层中,100 cm土层以下,各处理氮含量渐趋一致。综合不同施氮量对大白菜产量以及环境指标的影响,在本试验肥力水平下,大白菜氮肥投入阈值为656.4 kg/hm^2（纯氮300 kg/hm^2＋有机肥12 000 kg/hm^2）时,能够兼顾作物高产与环境安全。     

合理施肥中投资风险预测研究

在合理施肥确定边际利润率值〔１〕的基础上,应用数学方法给出一种确定投资风险预测阈值Ｋ的方法。根据阈值Ｋ可预测施肥投资风险的大小。肥粮价格比例失调是造成投资风险过大的主要原因,本文通过计算机模拟可以计算出适宜的肥粮价格,为市场宏观调控提供可行性建议。