小波变换的模极大值在图像边缘检测中的应用研究

边缘检测在图像处理中有着重要的作用.依据canny算子的核心思想,运用小波分析技术,提出了一种基于小波变换的模极大值边缘检测算法.仿真结果表明:该算法能提取图像较弱的边缘,有较好的去噪效果,且边缘有较强的连续性.优于传统的边缘检测算子.     

Density dependent ambient ammonium as the key factor for optimization of stocking density of common carp in small holding tanks

Advanced fry of common carp (1.6 ± 0.2 g) were reared in experimental outdoor tanks (4500 l; 3 × 1.5 × 1 m) for 312 or 151 days under six stocking conditions of 8, 13, 16, 32, 48 and 64 fish per tank for ascertaining the threshold and critical levels of ammonium and, hence, to recommend the optimum stocking density of common carp for culture under rearing stage conditions. The samples of water were monitored from each tank at regular intervals for water quality parameters as well as for ammonium concentrations. Fishes were harvested at the end of the experiment. The results revealed a significant decrease in fish growth as stocking density increased. Absence of mortality and favorable growth resulted in maximum fish biomass at the stocking density of 16 fish/tank, but the heavy mortality and stunted growth caused the poor total fish biomass in the highest stocking density employed. The interactions between ammonium and fish growth were expressed at three different concentration levels of ammonium: (a) favorable concentration range (0.262-0.294 mg l^− 1), (b) growth inhibiting concentration range (0.313-0.322 mg l^− 1) and (c) lethal concentration range (0.323-0.422 mg l^− 1). The ambient ammonium concentrations of 0.313 mg l^− 1 (or equivalent ammonia concentration of 0.0342 mg l^− 1) and 0.323 mg l^− 1 (or equivalent ammonia concentration of 0.043 mg l^− 1), observed for stocking density ranging from 17 to 19 fish per tank, were considered to be the threshold and critical levels of ammonium that caused growth inhibition and mortality of fish. Fish mortality was higher when the ratio of DO to ammonium remained quite low (< 15), but no mortality occurred with higher ratio. Considering the economic viability of the production system, this appears that the optimum fish stocking density would be around SD 16 (equivalent to 210 g m^− 3).     

基于阈值分析法的江淮流域汛期极端强降水变化特征分析

利用1951～2004年江淮流域91个测站汛期(5～9月)的逐日降水资料,采用阈值分析方法来确定强降水的阈值,对强降水阈值和日数的空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明,江淮流域中西部地区强降水阈值总体呈南高北低的分布特征,东部地区呈南高-中低-北高的分布特征;54年间江淮流域有4个年际变化突出的区域;强降水日数总体上呈南高北低的趋势,且54年的年际变化不明显。     

糖蜜酒的除杂除臭淡化增香

本工作采用SC—7(GC)仪,DNP+TWEEN玻璃毛细管柱测定了糖蜜酒精的成分,采取了精制措施,除去了糖蜜酒精中对人体有害及异杂物质,根据需要配制具有一定香型的酒。     

茶长卷蛾发育起点与有效积温的研究

研究结果表明,茶长卷蛾Homona magnanima(鳞翅目,卷叶蛾科)各虫态及全世代的发育起点温度(C)和有效积温常数(K),以及预测式(N)分别为:卵期C=11.63±1.23(℃),K=100.24±9.99(日度)N=100.24±9.99/T-(11.63±1.23);幼虫期C=3.20±1.83(℃),K=634.08±56.46(日度),N=634.08±56.46/T-(3.20±1.83);蛹期C=10.40±1.74(℃),K=93.83±12.10(日度),N=93.83±12.10/T-(10.40±1.74);全世代C=6.37±1.14(℃),K=822.14±53.95(日度),N=822.14±53.95/T-(6.37±1.14);经推算验证,与各地实际发生世代数基本一致。     

门限自回归模型及其在耕地总量预测中的应用

利用梅州市55年来长时序耕地总量统计资料,引入门限自回归模型对耕地面积进行了预测,并和马尔可夫模型预测结果进行了比较.结果表明,通过门限值的控制作用,门限自回归模型有效地利用时序数据隐含的时序分段相依性这一重要信息,限制了模型误差,从而保证了预测性能的稳健性,有很高的短中期预测精度.     

Critical resource levels of pollen for the declining bee Andrena hattorfiana (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae)

The native bee fauna provides an important ecosystem function, but a large proportion of this fauna in Europe is threatened as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation. The solitary bee Andrena hattorfiana is specialised on collecting pollen from the plant-family Dipsacaceae. In northern Europe the major pollen resource is the insect-pollinated herb Knautia arvensis. We quantified the available K. arvensis resource, measured habitat characteristics and performed a flower-visitor survey in 57 well-defined K. arvensis populations in southern Sweden. There was a strong relationship between bee and plant population sizes. In populations with A. hattorfiana present (N = 26), the female bees utilised on average 39% (12-80%) of the total available pollen resource. The nest architecture and nesting biology of A. hattorfiana is described for the first time. By excavating nests, we found that the provisioning for one average bee nest (containing 6 cells) required ca. 72 inflorescences or 11 plant individuals. The results suggest a certain minimum pollen amount needed to host an A. hattorfiana population. For example, for a population of ten reproducing A. hattorfiana ♀ with the average degree of utilisation, the critical resource was predicted as 156 ± 16 individuals (±SE) of the plant K. arvensis, which corresponds to 780 inflorescences or 36,731,978 pollen grains. These findings suggest that calculations via a ‘pollen budget’ can predict critical resources for a given size of specialised bee population, and thereby provide a tool in conservation.     

城市郊区基本农田安全风险研究——以眉山市东坡区为例

基本农田生态风险区域的确定对保障粮食安全、实现经济社会的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。本文基于GIS平台,利用最小累计阻力模型,对成都平原城市眉山市东坡区的基本农田生态风险区域进行了研究。在该研究中以东坡区基本农田规划图中提取的基本农田数据作为累计阻力"源",选取了坡度、土地利用类型等6个因子作为阻力层进行分析。结果通过把最小累计阻力栅格的突变点作为临界点,设定阈值,划分出了基于阻力值的4个功能区:基本农田生态安全重点区域、一般区域、过渡区域和非基本农田区域。基本农田安全风险区域的确定可为当地科学全面规划提供决策依据。     

The chemistry of pedogenic thresholds

Pedogenesis can be slow or fast depending on the internal chemical response to environmental forcing factors. When a shift in the external environment does not produce any pedogenic change even though one is expected, the soil is said to be in a state of pedogenic inertia. In contrast, soil properties sometimes change suddenly and irreversibly in a threshold response to external stimuli or internal change in soil processes. Significant progress has been made in understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of soil-property change. Even in the open soil system, the direction of change can be determined from measures of disequilibrium. Favorable reactions may proceed in parallel, but the most prevalent and rapid ones have the greatest impact on product formation. Simultaneous acid–base, ion exchange, redox and mineral-transformation reactions interact to determine the direction and rate of change. The nature of the governing reactions is such that soils are well buffered to pH change in the alkaline and strongly acid regions but far less so in the neutral to slightly acid zones. Organic matter inputs may drive oxidation–reduction processes through a stepwise consumption of electron acceptors (thereby producing thresholds) but disequilibrium among redox couples and regeneration of redox buffer capacity may attenuate this response. Synthesis of secondary minerals, ranging from carbonates and smectites to kaolinite and oxides, forms a basis for many of the reported cases of pedogenic inertia and thresholds. Mineralogical change tends to occur in a serial, irreversible fashion that, under favorable environmental conditions, can lead to large accumulations of specific minerals whose crystallinity evolves over time. These accumulations and associated “ripening” processes can channel soil processes along existing pathways or they can force thresholds by causing changes in water flux and kinetic pathways.     

Thresholds in landscape parameters: occurrence of the white-browed treecreeper Climacteris affinis in Victoria, Australia

The concept of critical thresholds of habitat loss has recently received considerable attention in conservation biology and landscape ecology, yet empirical examples of thresholds are scarce. Threatened species management could benefit from recognition of thresholds because conditions under which populations are at risk can be specified. In this study, 56 woodland patches in north-west Victoria were surveyed for the white-browed treecreeper Climacteris affinis, a threatened insectivorous bird of the semi-arid zone of southern Australia. Comparisons with historic records indicate the species’ range is contracting in Victoria. Using logistic regression and hierarchical partitioning, two models of patch occupancy were developed. Tree species composition was an important factor in both models, confirming the treecreepers’ affinity for belah Casuarina pauper and slender cypress-pine Callitris gracilis-buloke Allocasuarina luehmannii woodlands in north-west Victoria. The first model emphasized the importance of demographic isolation: probability of patch occupancy decreased with distance to the nearest occupied patch. A threshold response in demographic isolation was apparent. In agricultural landscapes, most suitable woodland patches within 3 km of an occupied patch were occupied, whereas patches beyond the threshold were vacant. The threshold distance increased to a minimum of 8 km in a matrix of native vegetation, suggesting landscape context affects the response of white-browed treecreepers to habitat fragmentation. Demographic isolation is a quasi-dependent variable and therefore a second model was developed using surrogate variables for demographic isolation. A positive relationship with the proportion of woodland cover in the landscape (100 km²) emerged as the pre-eminent explanatory factor. Depending on woodland quality, a threshold of patch occupancy was apparent at levels of woodland cover between 15 and 25%. However, belah and slender cypress-pine-buloke woodlands now cover only 10% of their original extent in the region. These results highlight the inter-dependence of patch isolation with the amount and quality of habitat in the landscape and the implications this has for maintaining functional connectivity. The retention (or restoration) of suitable habitat is the critical issue for conservation of the white-browed treecreeper, but in landscapes below the threshold of habitat cover, viability of local populations may be influenced by the configuration and quality of remaining habitat.