50%二氯喹啉酸WP替代药剂的筛选

为筛选出50%二氯喹啉酸WP的替代药剂,选择30%氯酰草膦EC、33.6%苯吡唑草酮SC、315 g/L异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆SC作为替代药剂与50%二氯喹啉酸WP在同一玉米地进行田间试验。结果表明:30%氯酰草膦EC除草效果及对玉米的安全性均未达到50%二氯喹啉酸WP同等水平,不宜作为替代药剂;33.6%苯吡唑草酮SC杂草防治效果与50%二氯喹啉酸WP相当,玉米的生长情况与50%二氯喹啉酸WP差异不显著,虽可以降低二氯喹啉酸的药害风险,但考虑到用药成本和半衰期远大于50%二氯喹啉酸WP,亦不宜作为替代药剂;315 g/L异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆SC的除草效果优于50%二氯喹啉酸WP,且易降解,可作替代药剂用于玉米-烤烟轮作区玉米地杂草防除,可以解决二氯喹啉酸对后茬烟草的药害问题。     

电解质渗出率配合logistic方程鉴定7个平欧杂种榛品种(系)的抗寒性

低温冻害是影响平欧榛生长发育的最主要因素之一。为研究不同平欧杂种榛品种（系）之间抗寒性的差异性,采用人为低温胁迫诱导,对平欧杂种榛不同品种（系）休眠期成熟一年生枝进行电解质渗出率的测定,配合logistic 方程进行变化曲线拟合,以计算各品种（系）低温半致死温度(LT50),鉴定7 个平欧杂种榛品种（系）的抗寒性,并与田间露地越冬试验进行比较分析。结果表明,随着温度的下降,平欧杂种榛各试验品种（系）电解质渗出率逐渐增大,曲线变化趋势基本一致,但增幅有所不同,各品种曲线拐点温度（低温半致死温度）分别为‘06-21’（品系）-19.224℃、‘达维’-18.942℃、‘82-11’（品系）-16.630℃、‘金铃’-16.246℃、‘辽榛3号’-16.139℃、‘魁香’-15.859℃、‘84-572’（品系）-15.248℃。综上分析说明7 个平欧杂种榛品种（系）的抗寒性由强至弱顺序为‘06-21’>‘达维’>‘82-11’>‘金铃’>‘辽榛3 号’>‘魁香’>‘84-572’,与田间试验基本吻合,说明平欧杂种榛半致死温度可作为抗寒性鉴定评价的一个重 要指标。     

Agarase: Review of Major Sources,Categories, Purification Method,Enzyme Characteristics and Applications

Agarases are the enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of agar. They are classified into α-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.158) and β-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.81) according to the cleavage pattern. Several agarases have been isolated from different genera of bacteria found in seawater and marine sediments, as well as engineered microorganisms. Agarases have wide applications in food industry, cosmetics, and medical fields because they produce oligosaccharides with remarkable activities. They are also used as a tool enzyme for biological, physiological, and cytological studies. The paper reviews the category, source, purification method, major characteristics, and application fields of these native and gene cloned agarases in the past, present, and future.     

一种新型杀虫生物活性筛选方法的研究

卤虫是一种广温耐高盐的水生生物,由于对毒物敏感、个体微小、容易获得和培养等特点,用于污染物的检毒研究。通过测定常用杀虫剂对卤虫初孵无节幼体的毒力,探讨卤虫作为杀虫活性筛选模型生物的可行性,并研究应用卤虫进行杀虫生物测定的影响因子。     

Lack of acute toxicity of an anthraquinone bird repellent to non-target crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) associated with rice-crayfish crop rotations

Aeroz™ (9,10-anthraquinone (AQ)), a chemical rice seed treatment that effectively deters birds from depredating newly planted fields, could be an important management tool that enables rice producers to plant earlier in the season and increase yields. This bird repellent, while non-lethal to birds, has unknown toxicity to crayfish that often are closely integrated with rice production in southern regions of the USA. This study was conducted to assess if AQ, the active ingredient in Aeroz™, could be acutely toxic to the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard), the crayfish species most often associated with rice cultivation, via seed ingestion and/or through their contact with chemical in pond water. Mortality data from a 96 h feeding study indicate that AQ-treated (1.76% by wt) rice seed was not acutely toxic to juvenile (∼3 mo.) crayfish through the ingestion exposure route. In addition, a 96 h aquatic acute toxicity test showed that the LC₅₀ of AQ in juvenile crayfish is >85 μg L⁻¹ and above the water solubility limit of AQ. These results indicate that very minimal, if any, acute toxicity would be observed in juvenile crayfish if exposed to AQ via ingestion or dissolved or suspended in the water column.     

木麻黄毒蛾高致病力绿僵菌和白僵菌菌株的筛选

木麻黄毒蛾是我国东南沿海防护林主要树种木麻黄的主要害虫之一。通过8株绿僵菌和2株白僵菌菌株对该木毒蛾进行室内生物测定,综合考虑产孢量、校正死亡率、LT50等多项指标,筛选出M aYDTR03和BbSMYXTR03为优良菌株,此2菌株对木毒蛾的校正死亡率均超过了95%,僵虫率分别为72.5%和80%,LT50分别为6.68,6.57d,均好于其它菌株。同时,分析了绿僵菌产孢量与LT50间的相关性,结果表明,两者之间存在显著的线性回归关系。     

中药制剂对小鼠耐力及免疫器官指数影响

为了探索中药制剂对动物免疫机能的影响,将6种中药提取物复方免疫增强剂A、B、C、D、E、F按高、中、低(1、2、3)3个浓度分别饲喂3-4周龄的昆明小鼠30d。每组随机挑选10只,分别进行小鼠耐力及免疫器官指数等指标的检测。结果表明,各组小鼠游泳时间均显著增加;F1实验小鼠的免疫器官指数显著增加;E3实验小鼠的碳粒廓清指数K显著增加;B3实验小鼠的补体总活性CH50显著增加;经统计学软件SPSS11.5单因素方差分析有显著性差异(P0.05)。提示6种中药制剂均能增强小鼠的非特异性免疫力。     

应用Logistic方程研究优良冷季型观赏草抗热性

高温是热带和亚热带地区冷季型观赏草生长发育的最大限制因子。本研究以叶片为材料,用改良电导法测定配合Logistic方程求拐点温度的方法测定了6种冷季型观赏草的高温半致死温度(LT50)。结果表明,经等梯度的高温处理后,待试材料叶片细胞伤害率和温度之间呈现明显的"S"形曲线,符合Logistic方程,拟合度较好。抗热性排序为:宽叶苔草(Carexsiderosticta)(LT50=53.5℃)皱苞苔草(C.chungii)(LT50=52.5℃)发状苔草(C.comans)(LT50=51.5℃)棕榈叶苔草(C.muskingumensis)(LT50=48.4℃)蓝灰石竹(Dianthus gratianopolitanus)(LT50=46.3℃)花叶虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)(LT50=44.8℃)。通过对供试材料在南京地区越夏情况的田间观测,发现宽叶苔草、皱苞苔草、发状苔草的长势良好,外观无任何变化,因此认为这3种观赏草的抗热性较强。     

牛源金黄色葡萄球菌突变株的筛选、鉴定及其免疫原性的研究

 【目的】诱变牛源金黄色葡萄球菌山东分离株(zfb),筛选、鉴定弱毒性突变株,并研究其在鼠上的免疫交叉保护性。【方法】牛源金黄色葡萄球菌山东分离株zfb,经N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)化学诱变,经生长特性、回复突变、毒力检测、LD50、多种特征性酶检测、小鼠中免疫保护性等实验比较研究了突变株与亲本株的生物学特性,筛选得到遗传性状稳定β－溶血素缺失的弱毒性突变株。【结果】弱毒性突变株Hx与亲本株相比：其β－溶血性状完全缺失,生长缓慢,耐热核酸酶、血浆凝固酶等胞外蛋白的产量减少,在活体条件下可产生荚膜,半数致死量(LD50)10－1.83•mL-1远低下于亲本株的10－4.33•mL-1。亲本株保护检测,免疫接种过的鼠的半数致死量是未接种过的6—50倍。非亲本株保护检测,免疫接种过的鼠的半数致死率是未接种过的5—60倍。【结论】突变株Hx的β－溶血素缺失,毒性减弱,对金黄色葡萄球菌攻击具有较高免疫保护性。     

岗梅根醇提液对小鼠的半数致死量(LD_(50))的测定

用寇氏(k-rber)法测定了岗梅根醇提液腹腔注射对小鼠的半数致死量(LD5)0,结果显示,岗梅根醇提液腹腔注射的LD50为37 786.27 mg/kg,95%可信限为33 744.27～42 315.55 mg/kg。表明岗梅根醇提液属实际无毒级,临床日用量安全。