陇东地区黄土滑坡稳定性分析

在分析陇东地区地质环境背景的基础上,选择在坡度、坡高、滑坡体厚度等方面具有代表性的直线型、凸型、凹型和阶梯型黄土滑坡为计算模型,设定天然、饱水、地震和饱水+地震等4种工况,对不同类型、不同坡度、不同坡高、不同滑坡体厚度的黄土滑坡在各工况条件下的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:从影响因素看,对滑坡稳定性影响最大的因素是坡度,其次是坡高;从工况条件看,诱发滑坡的主要因素是降雨入渗,其次是地震;从滑坡类型看,直线型滑坡稳定性相对较好,阶梯型滑坡和凸型滑坡次之,凹型滑坡稳定性最差。     

肉异物识别中肉厚度激光补偿试验系统的研制

农产品形状的不规则性严重影响用X射线成像方法检测农产品的内部品质的检测质量。针对这个问题,该文以肉为研究对象,建立了基于激光的肉厚度补偿试验系统,补偿X射线图像因厚度不同对肉产生的影响。该系统包括X射线图像采集系统、激光图像采集系统,机械传输部分、控制系统及图像处理系统等。用最小二乘法求取肉厚度补偿模型,建立激光图像与厚度补偿图像映射关系,用激光厚度补偿图像与X射线肉图像融合,基于OTSU算法(最大类间方差,automatically perform histogram shape-based image thresholding)提取出融合后的肉X射线图像中的异物。试验结果表明,这种方法能够消除厚度的变化对图像的影响,该研究为支撑为肉异物提取提供了一种准确高效的方法。     

振流式精密播种装置种层厚度检测及控制系统研制

为提高振流式精密播种装置的播种合格率和播种稳定性,减少种子流动性的不同对播种合格率的影响,研制了基于超声波传感器的种层厚度检测和控制系统,对播种过程中的播种量实现全程监控和自动控制。试验表明:自动控制系统能有效检测出匀种装置筛分板上种层厚度的变化,并根据播种时种子流动性的不同,调整供种装置的振动幅度和频率,使种层厚度保持在设定的范围之内,调整时间约为4.32s;且当种子流动差异性过大时能有效报警;采用检测和控制系统后振流式精密播种装置杂交稻2～5粒/穴或取秧面积的播种合格率由80.1%提升到87.3%。该研究为杂交稻精密育秧播种装置的研究奠定了基础。     

不同厚度PE膜包装对青皮核桃果实采后鲜贮效果的影响

通过研究不同厚度PE膜包装对青皮核桃果实采后鲜贮效果的影响,为生产上探寻简易、高效的青皮核桃保鲜技术提供依据。以“温185”青皮核桃为试材,以普通地膜包装为对照,采用PE30(30μm)、PE40(40μm)及PE50(50μm)3种不同厚度薄膜包装处理,于(-1±1)℃条件下贮藏,定期测定青皮核桃贮藏过程中营养和品质指标。结果表明:PE40包装自发气调能力最强,贮藏14 d后,袋内气体达到平衡,O2体积分数为5.5%~6.5%,CO2体积分数为4.5%~5.5%。与对照相比,不同厚度PE膜包装可较好地维持青皮核桃含水量、色泽及硬度,抑制核仁含水量及酸价的下降。PE40包装对青皮核桃果实采后鲜贮效果显著,可使其贮至70 d时,腐烂指数为12.17%,裂果率为16.67%,核仁保鲜率达到100%,生产上推荐使用PE40包装对青皮核桃进行贮藏保鲜。     

缸内直喷汽油机旋流喷射喷雾特性影响因素的分析研究

为了研究影响缸内直喷汽油机高压旋流喷嘴喷雾特性的因素,对高压旋流喷射初始阶段运动进行了理论分析研究,确定了影响初始喷雾旋流体运动的无量纲参数。通过试验改变空心旋流体内外压差、初始旋流强度、旋流体油膜厚度,发现喷雾特性呈不同的变化趋势。随着旋流体内外压力差的增大,喷雾锥角明显减小而贯穿度变化不大;旋流强度增加,喷雾贯穿距离明显增加,而喷雾锥角变化不大;增加旋流体初始厚度,可以使喷雾在自由空间中外形尺寸增加。     

Microwave l-band (1730 MHz) accurately estimates the relative water content in poplar leaves. A comparison with a near infrared water index (R1300/R1450)

In this study the estimation of reflectivity at 1730 MHz (l-band), measured with a microwave digital cordless telephony (DCT) patch antenna, is presented as an easy-to-handle and non-destructive new method to assess the relative water content (RWC) of poplar leaves and filter discs at different levels of dehydration. The accuracy of this new method has been contrasted with the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index, determined by a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The close correlations found between RWC and the reflectivity at a frequency of 1730 MHz, both for filters and leaves, indicate that microwave determinations are rather independent of the physical properties of the material analysed. On the contrary, the differences found between poplar leaves and leaf filters in the relationships established between RWC and the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index demonstrate a strong influence of the properties of the material in NIR reflectance measurements, specifically as they relate to changes in leaf thickness during dehydration. It should be noted that the amount of energy received by the leaf for the microwave technique (0.1 mW) was much lower than that received for the measuring of the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index (2.5 W). Moreover, R-square coefficients were higher for microwaves than for the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index. The use of a technologically simple, low cost and portable device, based on a microwave DCT patch antenna, could yield a solid support for the development of a commercial apparatus enabling the determination of plant water status under field conditions.     

聚乙烯管壁厚对圆柱灌水器水力性能影响的研究

为提高圆柱灌水器流量设计精度及滴灌系统的均匀度,以7种圆柱灌水器和4种壁厚组成的25种滴灌管作为研究对象,利用精密微小物体三维扫描仪MCS-60型测量灌水器流道结构参数,并采用自动化程度较高的灌水器水力性能测试平台测试此25种滴灌管,得出其流量压力曲线关系、流量系数和流态指数。测试结果表明,使用不同聚乙烯（PE）管厚度对同一灌水器的流量确实产生影响,其最大影响率能达到20%;不同的PE管壁厚对流量系数影响较大,但对流态指数影响较小;灌水器流道宽度也是造成不同PE管壁厚对灌水器出流的因素,流道越宽,对灌水器出流影响越大。     

水稻秧苗密度对苗质的影响

在合肥先后共用六个组合(品种)进行了三年播种量试验。结果表明,秧苗密度时苗质在三叶期前无显著影响,三叶期后影响日益加大。秧苗单株叶面积、干物重、分蘖数等均与密度呈显著负相关,回归线近似y=1/(a+bx)曲线。3—5、5—7和7—9叶期单株叶面积和地上干重的增长量,较300苗/米~2下降50%以上的临界密度,依次为2000、1200和600苗/米~2左右。单株干重增长速度降低10%,分蘖速度下降12.5—29.5%。5,7,9叶期可发分蘖成蘖率<20%的临界密度依次为2500,1500和600苗/米~2左右。苗质对大田产量的影响随着秧龄延长而加大。在秧大田比保持一定的情况下,苗质对大田产量的影响一般小于秧苗密度对苗质的影响。     

Reference Values and Repeatability of Transabdominal Ultrasonographic Gastrointestinal Tract Thickness and Motility in Healthy Donkeys (Equus asinus)

The present study aimed to provide reference ranges for the wall thickness and motility pattern of the gastrointestinal tract from a sample of donkeys (Equus asinus) population using B-mode ultrasonography. In the present study, 30 clinically healthy donkeys (Equus asinus) (15 males and 15 females), aged 2–20 year old and weighed 100–280 kg were randomly selected for B-mode ultrasonographic scanning of the abdomen. The wall thickness of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was assessed. Moreover, the motility pattern of the duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was evaluated over a period of 3 minutes. Abdominal ultrasonographic scanning of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy donkeys explored that the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum could be visualized easily. The wall thickness of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was 7.0 ± 0.9 mm, 3.3 ± 1.0 mm, 5.4 ± 0.6 mm, 5.1 ± 0.5 mm, 5.4 ± 0.5 mm, and 5.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. The thickest part of the gastrointestinal tract is the stomach, whereas the thinnest part is the duodenum. The motility pattern of the duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was 7.7 ± 1.3 contractions/3 minutes, 6.9 ± 1.1 contractions/3 minutes, 4.1 ± 1.2 contractions/3 minutes, 5.5 ± 1.3 contractions/3 minutes, and 4.0 ± 0.8 contractions/3 minutes, respectively. Both the duodenum and jejunum contractions were significantly higher than that of the left colon, right colon, and cecum. This is the first study reporting the reference values for both the wall thickness and motility pattern of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt. Good knowledge of these standard and reference values of the wall thickness and motility pattern of gastrointestinal tract structures represents a step in the early diagnosis of the gastrointestinal disorders, including colic in such animal species.     

微观水分和养分条件对铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体裂解宿主过程的影响

摘 要：【目的】研究不同水分和养分条件下,细菌和噬菌体的生长和运移规律、细菌和噬菌体种群互作过程以及其对群落结构的影响和调控机制。【方法】通过控制微生物运动平板表面相对水膜厚度研究铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1）和铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体PA-27-1（Pseudomonas phage PA-27-1）的互作过程。【结果】细菌和噬菌体的互作主要受噬菌体裂解细菌、细菌的运动和噬菌体扩散三个因素控制。水分通过调控多孔表面水膜的厚度和连通性来改变细菌在微孔尺度的运动,进而影响微生物在粗糙界面的增殖和生物膜的形成过程以及菌落的形态特征,同时通过影响噬菌体的扩散传播来调节细菌和噬菌体之间的互作机制。细菌与噬菌体自身运动性及个体大小上的不同也导致二者在微观孔隙中增殖（扩散）特征的差异。相对低水膜网络促进了细菌和噬菌体之间的空间隔离,降低了噬菌体有效侵染细菌的概率,从而有利于细菌的增殖。丰富的养分条件有利于细菌生物量的快速繁殖,进而促进噬菌体的增殖。【结论】本研究揭示了环境生物膜等微生境中噬菌体和宿主细菌的生长和运移规律,有助于为深入理解土壤噬菌体的时空分布特征与演变规律以及其与土壤细菌之间的互作模式提供理论基础和数据支撑。