生长素对花叶扶芳藤扦插成活及苗质的影响

研究了不同生长激素对花叶扶芳藤扦插繁殖效果的影响。结果表明,供试生长素处理后插条的成活率与对照差异不显著,但对新梢及根系的生长发育有着极显著的促进作用,成苗质量高,综合各项测定指标,效果最好的生长素处理是100mg/L吲哚丁酸与100mg/L萘乙酸等量混合液,其次为100mg/L吲哚丁酸。     

Studying the effect of two biological fertilizers on salt tolerance of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae schreb.)

Abstract

Biological bacteria alleviate the adverse effects of osmotic stress under salinity conditions by different processes. In the present research, factorial test was performed based on complete randomized block design and the effect of two types of bacteria azotobacter and azospirillum and five salinity levels of 0, 4, 6, 8, 12 dS/m in nutrients, fresh and dry weights of the plants, amount of auxin, proline, tillering, and quality of tall fescue were studied. Results showed that the highest dry weight of shoots, dry, and fresh weights of the roots, tillering and nitrogen have been observed in 8 dS/m salinity?+?azotobacter treatment. The highest fresh weight of shoot was seen in 4 dS/m salinity treatment without bacteria. The highest quality of tall fescue was seen in 4 and 6 dS/m salinity treatments without bacteria, the highest amount of sodium was seen in 12 dS/m salinity?+?azospirillum treatment, and the highest amount of auxin contents of roots, stems and the highest amount of phosphorus were obtained in the control?+?azospirillum treatment. Also, the highest amount of potassium (K) and the lowest amount of nitrogen (N) and sodium (Na) were seen in the control treatment without bacteria. The lowest amount of potassium and the lowest fresh and dry weights of the roots were seen in 12 dS/m salinity?+?azotobacter treatment. The lowest fresh and dry weights of the shoots were seen in 4 dS/m salinity?+?azospirillum treatment and 6 dS/m salinity treatment without bacteria. The lowest amount of proline was obtained in control?+?azotobacter treatment. The lowest amount of phosphorus and stem’s auxin and also the highest amount of proline were obtained in 12 dS/m salinity treatment without bacteria. Generally, growth-inducing bacteria reduces the adverse effects of salinity stress and improves quality of tall fescue.     

Isolation and characterization of rhizosphere auxin producing Bacilli and evaluation of their potency on wheat growth improvement

Enhancement of plant growth by Bacillus is well documented and several mechanisms have been suggested for the phytostimulatory activity of this group of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In the present work, the PGP potential of plant associated Bacillus spp. and their growth-promoting effect on wheat were studied. Six out of 35 strains were chosen based on seed germination assay, plant growth-promoting abilities, enzymatic function, and auxin production. All tested strains were subjected to pot experiments and their phenotypic and molecular assays were also done. Two Bacillus strains including WhIr-15 and WhIr-12 produce maximum amount of auxin (16.2 and 14 µg ml^?1, respectively). Strain WhIr-15 had just the ability to produce indo-3-acetic acid (IAA), lipase, and protease enzymes. Strain WhIr-12 was also recorded positive for siderophore, auxin production, and phosphorus (P) solubilization. Bacterial IAA production positively correlated with root length (r = 0.875; p ≤ 0.05). Significant enhancement in root weight (71% and 53%) and in panicle weight (91% and 77%) was recorded in WhIr-15 and WhIr-12, respectively, over untreated controls. Based on phenotypic and 16S rDNA sequencing, these two strains belong to Bacillus sp. Based on our results, phytohormone-producing Bacillus sp. can be applied at field level to improve wheat productivity.     

The possible interaction of ammonium and auxin polar transport on root system architectures in the two ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant growth requires mineral nutrients from soil environment. It is important for plant to develop its root to import mineral nutrient from environment. Both inorganic nitrogen source and plant hormone auxin influence the root system architecture (RSA). Previous study indicated that polar auxin transport is partly involved in ammonium-inhibition of primary root in an Arabidopsis ecotype, Columbia 0 (Col-0); however, the effect of auxin in other ecotypes remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to describe and examine the effect of TIBA, an inhibitor for the auxin polar transport, in ammonium supply-dependent changes of root development. Two Arabidopsis ecotypes, Col-0 and Landsberg erecta 2 (Ler-2), were used due to their different response to ammonium supply. The changes of the RSA in response to ammonium supply on vertical agar medium containing three levels of TIBA and four levels of ammonium were determined in two ecotypes. The primary root length of Ler-2 was markedly shortened by increasing ammonium concentration in the medium, while that of Col-0 was relatively insensitive to ammonium. Conversely, the lateral root length of Ler-2 was increased by ammonium supply. Both primary and lateral root of Col-0 were more sensitive to TIBA than those of Ler-2. ANOVA indicated the significant interaction of TIBA and ammonium in Col-0; however, no interaction in Ler-2. These results suggested the genetic diversity in the interactive effect of auxin and ammonium.     

小豆 AUX/IAA 基因家族全基因组 鉴定及表达分析

【目的】生长素是一种必需的植物激素,而 AUX/IAA 是生长素原初响应因子在环境胁迫中植物 生长和发育中起着至关重要的作用。为了解 VaIAAs 在小豆生长发育过程中的生物学功能,对 VaIAAs 基因家族 进行全基因组鉴定和分析。【方法】利用生物信息学对小豆的 AUX/IAA 进行全基因组鉴定和分析,基于 RNAseq 分析 VaAUX/IAA 基因家族在各组织的表达模式。【结果】在小豆全基因组共鉴定到 41 个 VaIAAs 基因,亚 细胞定位显示均为定位为细胞核。系统发育分析显示来自小豆、拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）和水稻（Oryza sativa）的 AUX/IAA 蛋白聚集成 6 组。基因结构分析表明,所有基因均含有内含子数目 1~8 个,VaIAAs 基因包 含 1~21 个外显子。顺式作用元件分析发现参与响应生物 / 非生物胁迫顺式作用元件最多,包括最常识别到的 ATTATA.bos、G-box 和 sp1 基序,还发现富集在厌氧诱导响应元件 ARE 和植物抗逆相关的 MYB 元件。蛋白 - 蛋白互作网络分析发现,所有 VaIAAs 均与 ARF 相连,此外还有部分基因与 AXR3（生长素诱导阻遏因子）、MP （转录因子 B3 家族蛋白）等基因互作。VaIAAs 具有组织特异性,在不同组织的基因表达水平差异较大。 【结论】小豆 AUX/IAA 基因家族的基因结构、系统进化、蛋白质 - 蛋白质网络互作等生物信息学分析结果,将 为揭示小豆 AUX/IAA 基因家族在小豆生长发育过程中的功能提供重要的线索。     

影响花生体细胞胚胎发生因素的研究

栽培花生可直接从外植体发生体细胞胚（体胚），不同外植体源，生长素浓度及品种差异等是影响花生体胚发生的主要因素。花生未成熟的幼胚易诱导产生体胚，子叶和胚轴的形态发生潜力也较大。2，4－D（20mg/L)有利于提高体胚诱导频率，不同品种的体胚发生能力存在差异，珍珠豆型比龙生型花生品种的体胚诱导频率高。     

外源激素IAA和GA3对马尾松应压木形成的影响

为丰富马尾松培育及材质改良的思路和方法,探索外源激素对马尾松应压木形成的影响。以人工倾斜45°的3年生马尾松作为试验材料,通过连续施加不同浓度的IAA、GA3、IAA+GA3对枝条的生长进行调控,分别观测马尾松当年生枝条的长度,韧皮部、木质部的径向宽度,管胞长度、管胞壁厚,管胞数量,应压木的等级并比较相应差异,分析这两种激素对应压木形成的影响。结果表明:所有激素处理组枝条的增长率明显提高(89.6%～179.1%);施加GA3、IAA+GA3能促进枝条木质部和韧皮部的径向生长,但施加IAA对木质部、韧皮部的生长影响不显著;与空白对照组相比,GA3、IAA+GA3处理组倾斜枝条下侧的管胞数量降低(14～17层),上侧管胞数量上升(5～11层);施加GA3、IAA+GA3使倾斜枝条下侧形成中等应压木,对照组和IAA处理组倾斜枝条下侧均形成重度应压木。说明外源激素能促进马尾松倾斜枝条的顶端生长,在倾斜枝条上侧施加外源激素能抑制倾斜枝条应压木的形成。      

乙烯促进牡丹‘洛阳红’切花花瓣脱落与内源生长素的关联性分析

【目的】探讨牡丹切花衰老过程中花瓣萎蔫脱落的生理机制,为更好地开发牡丹切花贮藏保鲜技术提供理论依据。【方法】以 ‘洛阳红’牡丹为试材,分别用去离子水（CK）、20 µL·L^-1乙烯拮抗剂可利鲜（AVB）、20 µL·L^-1乙烯释放剂乙烯利（CEPA）处理1 h时及20 µL·L^-1可利鲜预处理1 h后再用20 µL·L^-1乙烯利处理1 h（AVB+CEPA）,然后插入去离子水进行单枝瓶插,观测不同预处理的生理效应。利用显微镜观察花瓣离层细胞形态,通过拉力试验测定瓶插过程中花瓣抗脱落力,运用生理生化手段测定乙烯与生长素代谢、离层水解相关酶活性和PsETR1、PsCTR1、PsEIN3、PsERF1、PsYUCCA10、PsPIN1、PsPME1、PsPG1及PsBG1的相对表达量。【结果】牡丹‘洛阳红’切花花瓣基部有明显的离层结构;AVB预处理明显推迟了切花乙烯跃变出现的时间,乙烯释放峰值降低34.9%（P<0.05）,提高了花瓣的抗脱落力,降低了花瓣基部多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）活性和PsPG1、PsBG1表达量,延缓了牡丹切花的衰老进程,显著延长了切花的瓶插寿命;外源CEPA明显加快了花瓣内源乙烯的释放速率,提高了生长素氧化酶（IAAO）、PG和BG活性,加快了切花花瓣的离层细胞的衰老,减小了花瓣的抗脱落力,从而促进了花瓣的萎蔫脱落;AVB+CEPA复合预处理瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期与对照组相差不大,CEPA能够部分抵消AVB的生理效应。【结论】对乙烯敏感型切花牡丹‘洛阳红’,内源生长素参与了乙烯促进花瓣离层细胞脱落的过程,控制乙烯是改善其切花瓶插品质的基础途径。     

杨树不同组织中ARF 表达与生长素相关性研究

木质素的生物合成是一个复杂的过程,有许多酶参与了此过程.生长素响应因子(ARFs)在木质素合成过程中起着重要作用,通过调节早起生长素基因的表达,从而影响基因的转录活化或抑制.利用A RFs已有序列及杨树基因芯片数据对其进化及与生长素的相关性进化分析,结果表明,杨树ARF序列的保守性高达60％;生长素含量、上调基因数目与基因表达信号量两两之间在夏秋季节中表现为高度相关,冬季对生长素响应因子信号量的影响最大.     

钙信号试剂对水稻种子根负向光性生长的影响

 为了探讨水稻根负向光性形成与钙信号传导的关系,以水稻种子根为材料,用不同浓度的钙信号试剂\[氯化钙、钙通道有机阻断剂异搏定、钙通道无机阻断剂氯化镧、钙调素抑制剂氯丙嗪（CPZ）以及生长素极性运输抑制剂NPA\]处理水稻种子根,以1/10 Hoagland培养液为对照,并用100~200 μmol/(m2·s)单侧光照射24 h。实验结果表明,适量的CaCl2使水稻种子根负向光性增强并使其生长加快,负向光性增强是由于外源Ca2+进一步促进生长素从向光侧向背光侧运输引起的,与生长速率加快无关;同时,随着钙通道有机阻断剂、无机阻断剂、钙调素抑制剂以及生长素极性运输抑制剂浓度的上升,水稻根的负向光性及生长均受显著抑制,当异搏定的浓度大于100 μmol/L,LaCl3的浓度大于12.5 μmol/L,负向光性消失,种子根的生长也受到严重的影响;而60 μmol/L钙调素抑制剂氯丙嗪、6 μmol/L 生长素极性运输抑制剂NPA也使得根负向光性消失,根的生长几乎停止;向LaCl3溶液、异搏定溶液以及NPA溶液中添加100 μmol/L CaCl2可使负向光性及生长速率得到不同程度的恢复,表明钙离子作为第二信使系统,与生长素相互作用,参与光信号调控水稻根生长和负向光性形成。