Effect of some rare earth elements on the growth and lanthanide accumulation in different Trichoderma strains

Accumulation of rare earth elements (REE) in the soil may be due to the use of REE enriched fertilizers and to contamination by REE containing wastes. Although widely used in China for soil and foliar dressing of crops, little is known about the effect of REE applications on the soil microbial community. The effect of REE on the growth of biological control strains of Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum was investigated in vitro using either a mix of different REE containing different amounts of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate alone in comparison to treatments with potassium nitrate and water. In plate tests applied concentrations ranged from 0.1 mM to 300 mM for lanthanum and REE mix and from 0.1 mM to 900 mM for the potassium solution. In liquid culture tests applied concentrations ranged from 0.001 mM to 100 mM for lanthanum and REE mix and from 0.003 mM to 900 mM for the potassium solution. ICP-MS, TEM and TEM X-ray microanalysis were used to study the accumulation of REE in fungal biomass. All the Trichoderma strains showed a good tolerance to the presence of REE in the culture media. Some growth enhancing effects were observed in liquid cultures of T. harzianum strains but not in T. atroviride. Accumulation of REE in fungal biomass, both at intracellular level and in the extracellular matrix, was observed.     

TCP污染土壤的植物修复及其毒性研究

[目的]研究2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)污染土壤的植物修复及其毒性,为氯酚植物修复技术的实际应用提供参考。[方法]利用玻璃房盆栽试验,研究了苜蓿(Loliummultiflorum L.)对土壤中TCP污染的修复作用,苜蓿的生长情况和TCP对莴苣(Lactucasativa)种子发芽和根生长的毒性影响。[结果]75 d的盆栽试验表明,土壤中TCP的可提取态浓度随着时间延长逐渐减少,苜蓿加快了土壤中可提取态TCP浓度的下降。对于种植苜蓿的污染土壤,在75 d培养中,1、10、100 mg/kg处理(低、中、高)的降解率分别是55.2%、80.2%、90.1%,无植物处理的降解率分别是20.1%、30.2%、49.2%。莴苣根的生长对TCP污染土壤的毒性敏感,可以作为污染土壤毒性的快速评价指标,但发芽率不能反映土壤的毒性变化规律,不宜作为评价TCP污染土壤的毒性指标。[结论]种植苜蓿具有强化TCP污染土壤修复的作用,可通过促进苜蓿生长,增强土壤过氧化氢酶的活性,增强土壤微生物活性,提高苜蓿修复TCP污染土壤的能力。     

城市景观水体的生物修复技术

介绍了城市景观水体的特点、污染来源及其污染状况,并且分别从物理、化学和生物方法3个方面综述了景观水体的各种污染控制和管理措施,详述了微生物、水生动物、水生植物以及它们之间相互结合处理富营养化水体的修复技术,指出了目前的各种方法都存在着一定的局限性,应采取综合治理措施,加强微生物、水生动物、水生植物之间的结合,尤其是不同方法、技术的综合研究和应用。     

生物修复技术在养殖水环境中的研究进展

针对生物修复的4种类型（微生物修复、植物修复、动物修复、生态修复）原理及其在受污染养殖水体中的应用研究进行综述。     

土壤农药污染原位生物修复技术及其研究进展

介绍了农药污染土壤的生物修复和原位生物修复技术及其研究现状,分析了其研究方向与发展趋势,以期为农药污染土壤原位生物修复技术的理论研究和应用提供参考。     

Exploring Northeast American and Asian species of Porphyra for use in an integrated finfish-algal aquaculture system

Many aquaculture industries generate a nutrient-rich waste stream that can lead to eutrophication of coastal waters. To address this environmental issue, the bioremediation potential of several native Northeast American species of Porphyra was assessed and compared to the well-known Asian species. Porphyra thalli were cultured over 4 weeks at 15 °C at a stocking density of 0.4 g FW L^− 1. At 3- to 4-day intervals nutrient uptake, tissue N accumulation and phycobiliprotein concentration (PBP) were determined as functions of nitrogen (N) concentration (25-300 μM) and N source (nitrate vs. ammonium). Growth rates were measured weekly. Growth and tissue N reached maximal levels at inorganic N concentrations of 150-300 μM. Maximum growth rates ranged from 10% to 25% day^− 1, although induction of archeospores reduced average growth rates in many cases. No evidence of ammonium toxicity (reductions in growth rate) was observed; in fact, similar values were found with both N sources. Ammonium generally yielded higher PBP and tissue N contents than nitrate. Porphyra amplissima presented the highest growth rate, followed by the Asian Porphyra yezoensis. Under the experimental conditions, Porphyra spp. removed 70-100% of N within 3-4 days at N concentrations up to 150 μM, but was less efficient in removing inorganic phosphorus (35-91% removal). The highest tissue N and PBP concentrations were found at 150-300 μM of N, with N values close to 7% DW. Overall, Porphyra appears to be an excellent choice for bioremediation of moderately eutrophic effluents, with the added benefit that tissue may be harvested for sale.     

敌草隆降解菌SL-6的筛选鉴定及降解条件优化

【目的】明确筛选分离得到的敌草隆降解菌株SL-6生物学分类地位,并优化其降解条件,为降解敌草隆提供新的途径。【方法】采用富集培养法从棉田中分离敌草隆降解菌SL-6,并通过16S rDNA及nrdA基因序列分析结合形态学、生理生化特征对其进行鉴定;运用HPLC法检测SL-6菌株对敌草隆的降解效果,研究该菌株在不同敌草隆初始质量浓度、接菌量、蔗糖含量、pH及温度条件下的降解能力并优化降解条件。【结果】从棉田土壤中分离得到7株菌株,其中,无色杆菌属Achromobacter菌株SL-6、SL-7和SL-9对敌草隆的降解效果好且消解动态符合消解动力学方程;木糖氧化无色杆菌A. Xylosoxidans SL-6降解效果最佳,第15天的降解率为94.6%。在敌草隆初始质量浓度为200 mg/L、接菌量为15%(φ)、不外加碳源、pH为8.0以及温度为30℃时,处理5 d后降解率达93.1%。【结论】SL-6菌株能够高效降解敌草隆,可作为新的菌株资源,为进一步研究微生物降解敌草隆奠定基础。     

大型海藻江蓠对养殖池塘水质污染修复的研究

通过对菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichenoides)与南美白对虾(Penacus vannamei)、青石斑鱼(Epinephelusawoara)混养池塘水质的跟踪监测,研究了不同养殖模式下江蓠对池塘水质的修复效果。结果表明:江蓠对水中无机氮(IN)、无机磷(IP)有较好的净化作用,能使养殖池中水体保持很低的IN、IP浓度和较高的溶解氧(DO)浓度,维持良好的水质状况;江蓠与虾或鱼混养,对水质均有改善作用。大型海藻江蓠易调控、无二次污染、有较好的经济价值,同时其对水质调节作用优于微藻等。利用江蓠进行生态养殖,可减少药物投放量,提高产品的质量和市场竞争力,促进海水养殖业的可持续发展。     

土壤有机氯污染的生物修复和土壤酶活性的关系

简述了土壤生物修复的意义以及微生物 -酶 -生物修复之间的关系 ,对有机氯污染土壤的生物修复进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明 ,自然土壤中含有过氧化氢酶 ;加入“六六六”后 ,降低自然土壤中过氧化氢酶活性。此外 ,对产生过氧化氢酶的外源细菌进行初步搜集、筛选 ,并测定了其产生过氧化氢酶能力。结果表明 ,在有机氯污染的土壤中 ,加入外源细菌能增加土壤过氧化氢酶活性 ;有机氯能诱导加入土壤的外源微生物分泌过氧化氢酶的能力 ;细菌 B1是较有希望的能消除有机氯污染的菌株     

Bioremedial potential of fenamiphos and chlorpyrifos degrading isolates: Influence of different environmental conditions

Previously isolated bacterial strains for chlorpyrifos and fenamiphos degradation were used to examine their potential as bioremedial agents in soils and water containing pesticide residues. Both, chlorpyrifos-degrading Enterobacter sp and fenamiphos-degrading consortium rapidly degraded pesticides when inoculated into natural and sterile water and soils. Degradation rate was slower in lower pH soils in comparison with natural and alkaline soils. Soil organic matter had no impact on pesticide degrading ability of isolates. Soil moisture <40% of maximum water-holding capacity slowed down degradation rate. The bacterial isolates were able to rapidly degrade fenamiphos and chlorpyrifos between 15 and 35 °C but their degradation ability was sharply reduced at 5 and 50 °C. Both groups of bacterial systems were also able to remove a range of pesticide degradation. An inoculum density of 10⁴ cells g⁻¹ of soil was required for initiating rapid growth and degradation. Ageing of pesticide in soils prior to inoculation produced contrasting results. Ageing of fenamiphos had no impact on subsequent degradation by the inoculated consortium. However, degradation of chlorpyrifos by Enterobacter sp after aging resulted in persistence of ∼10% of pesticide in soil matrix. Higher K_oc value of chlorpyrifos may have resulted in a lack of bioavailability of a smaller percentage of chlorpyrifos to degrading bacteria. Overall, this paper confirms bioremedial potential of a fenamiphos degrading consortium and a chlorpyrifos degrading bacterium under different soil and water characteristics.