长江口凤鲚的资源评价

对1998～2006年长江口凤鲚生物学、渔获量、单位捕捞努力量渔获量、捕捞努力量以及最大持续产量数据进行了研究,分析了长江口凤鲚产量下降的原因,并提出了相应的管理意见。结果表明,凤鲚平均全长呈下降趋势,从1998年的130 mm,降低到2006年的50mm,凤鲚种群全长明显小型化;平均全长为(150±21.1)mm,平均体重为(13.6±5.16)g,全长和体重呈幂函数相关,拟合方程为W=0.017 8×L2.422 7。同期凤鲚年均捕捞量为728 t,应用Fox模式估算最大持续产量(MSY)为651.0 t,相应捕捞努力量(fMSY)为625.0艘。与历史资料相比,凤鲚资源量急剧下降。     

超声辅助提取橘皮总黄酮的工艺优化研究

以柑橘果业加工废料橘皮为原料,以橘皮总黄酮得率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交优化,研究了超声辅助提取橘皮总黄酮的最佳工艺条件,以期为橘皮总黄酮的工业化生产提供理论指导.结果表明:超声波法提取橘皮中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取时间30 min,乙醇浓度60％,料液比1∶25 mg/L,此时,总黄酮的提取率可以达到9.6％以上.     

乙烯利对泥鳅5种组织酯酶同工酶表达的影响

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳,在试验水温23～25℃的条件下,研究了乙烯利(ETH)对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)5种组织酯酶(EST)同工酶表达的影响.结果表明,经不同浓度乙烯利处理后,在不同染毒时间下泥鳅5种组织EST同工酶酶谱发生了不同程度的变化,变化的类型包括:酶带的缺失、新增及着色的深浅,5种组织EST同工酶的表达具有明显的组织差异性,活性由强至弱依次为:脾脏＞肝胰脏＞鳃＞心脏＞肌肉;没有发现剂量梯度与EST同工酶表达的正相关变化,在不同染毒时间下,脾脏、肝胰脏、鳃组织EST同工酶基本上表现为在24 h活性增强,48 h活性达到最弱,72 h略有增强,96 h又减弱,而心脏和肌肉组织24 h先增强,而后一直减弱的趋势,表现出明显的组织差异性和应激性.     

微波辅助提取安吉白茶有效成分工艺的优化

采用微波辅助提取法,以安吉白茶茶多酚、茶多糖、咖啡因提取率为检测指标,通过单因素试验及正交试验,研究料液比、提取温度、微波功率及微波时间对安吉白茶3种有效成分提取率的影响.结果表明,安吉白茶有效成分综合提取的适宜提取条件为微波功率80 W,微波时间3 min,提取温度85℃,料液比1∶20(m/V,g∶mL).在此条件下,茶多酚、茶多糖、咖啡因的提取率分别为13.7％、2.8％、1.9％.     

异硫氰酸酯的微生物降解对畜禽的致害性

有关微生物蛋白质饲料的开发一直是新型饲料的研究热点[1],产品不良因子残留等问题也倍受学术界关注[2].     

鸡睾丸生精上皮细胞冷冻保存研究

以广西土鸡为试验材料，利用两步酶解法从出壳后20～30日龄公鸡睾丸中获取生精上皮细胞，以含20％胎牛血清的DMEM为基础培养液，比较了不同浓度DMSO和蔗糖对生精上皮细胞冷冻保存效果的影响。结果表明：DMSO的最佳浓度为10％，添加蔗糖对冻存有害。以10％DMSO为防冻剂，复苏后生精上皮细胞原代混合培养可形成典型的精原干细胞集落，集落呈碱性磷酸酶（AKP）阳性，说明以10％DMSO为防冻剂的冷冻体系适合鸡睾丸生精上皮细胞的冷冻保存。     

Effects of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Plant Protein Compound on Growth,Immune, Antioxidant and Intestinal Microflora Structure of Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of soybean meal replaced by fermented plant protein compound on growth, immune, antioxidant and intestinal microflora structure of black carp (Mylopharyn-godon piceus). The different proportions (1∶1 and 2∶1) of fermented cottonseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal were used to replace 0 (control group), 50% and 75% soybean meal in the basic diet, respectively, 5 kinds of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were prepared, and the black carp with initial weight of (6. 04 ± 0. 18) g were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that there were no significant differences on growth performance, morphological indicators and body composition among all group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences on serum complement 3, malondialdehyde, albumin contents and lysozyme activity among all group (P>0.05). The serum complement 4 content in 50% replacement group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), and the serum immunoglobulin M content in 75% replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase activities and total antioxidant capacity and total cholesterol content among all group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences on intestinal α-amylase and lipase activities among all group (P>0.05), and the intestinal pepsin activity in fermented cottonseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal replacing 75% soybean meal with 1 ∶ 1 proportion group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The dominant microflora in intestine of black carp at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Planctomycotes, and the dominant bacteria at the genus level were Aeromonas, Cetobacterium, Ralstonia and Plesiomonas. There were no significant differences on the relative abundances of intestinal main microflora among all group (P>0.05). To sum up, under the experimental conditions, the high proportion (75%) of fermented plant protein replacing soybean meal do not cause hepatopancreas damage and intestinal microflora structure change of black carp, and even improve the activities of some immune indicators in serum and intestinal protease activity, and the compound proportion of fermented cottonseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal have no significant effects on growth performance, morphological indicators, body composition, hepatopancreas antioxidant indexes and intestinal microflora structure of black carp. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Urology. All rights reserved.     

野生马兰的组培快繁技术研究

以野生马兰茎段为外植体,研究了影响芽与根诱导分化的激素浓度配比。结果表明,在一定范围内,当培养基中BA浓度相同时,NAA的浓度为0.05 mg/L时,适合芽的诱导及生长,马兰的最佳诱芽及生长培齐基为MS 2 mg/L BA 0.05 mg/L NAA。去掉愈伤组织的丛生芽更容易生根,最佳生根培养基为MS培养基。     

野生马兰的组培快繁技术研究

以野生马兰茎段为外植体,研究了影响芽与根诱导分化的激素浓度配比.结果表明,在一定范围内,当培养基中BA浓度相同时,NAA的浓度为0.05 mg/L时,适合芽的诱导及生长,马兰的最佳诱芽及生长培养基为MS+2 metE BA+0.05 mg/LNAA.去掉愈伤组织的丛生芽曼容易生根,最佳生根培养基为MS培养基.