氮磷钾不同施肥量对杨树菌根化苗生长的影响

通过实验对氮磷钾不同施肥量对杨树菌根化苗生长的影响方面进行了初探。     

模拟氮沉降对一年生香椿幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

为研究氮沉降对一年生香椿(Toonasinensis)幼苗夏季生长以及光合特性的影响,通过在夏季模拟氮沉降控制试验,以尿素为氮源供体,设置0kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)(CK)、20kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)、40kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)、80kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)、120 kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)、180 kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)不同氮添加水平以模拟氮沉降,对香椿幼苗地径、苗高、生物量及其分配和光合作用等进行研究。结果表明:1)不同氮添加量均促进了香椿幼苗地径、苗高和生物量的增加,地径、苗高和生物量均以氮添加水平180kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)下最高,分别较CK高42.5%、64.4%和304.9%,且生物量向根、叶分配较多; 2)香椿幼苗叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)随氮添加水平的增加而增加,在180 kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)下最高,较CK增加73.9%;3)香椿幼苗表观量子效率(AQY)、最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)以及暗呼吸速率(Rd)随氮添加水平的增加均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中LCP以80 kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)下最高, AQY、Pnmax、LSP和Rd均以120kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)下最高。结果表明,适量氮沉降能够促进香椿幼苗生长和光合能力的提高,但更高水平的氮沉降可能对香椿幼苗产生一定抑制作用。     

慈姑轻简栽培技术规程

慈姑轻简栽培技术是以慈姑基质育苗技术为核心,通过培育健壮慈姑种苗、结合旱田定植,简化慈姑种植,节约人工,提高生产效率。本文从产地环境、品种选择、基质育苗、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治及采收等方面总结了慈姑轻简栽培技术规程,以期为慈姑轻简化栽培技术推广应用提供技术支持。     

干旱胁迫下外源褪黑素对烟草幼苗生理特性的影响

为了揭示外源褪黑素(MT)提高烟草抗旱能力的生理效应,以豫烟10号为供试材料,采用水培实验,探究了干旱胁迫下不同浓度(50μmol/L、100μmol/L、200μmol/L、500μmol/L) MT对烟草幼苗膜脂过氧化物、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性及光合特性的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫对烟草幼苗的生理功能造成严重损害,50μmol/L和500μmol/L MT处理对干旱胁迫的缓解效果不佳,而100μmol/L MT处理能够提高叶绿素含量和光合速率,增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,清除活性氧自由基,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,增加可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸渗透调节物质的积累,提高叶片含水率,降低失水率,有效缓解了干旱胁迫的伤害。     

不同昼夜温度对甜瓜幼苗生长的影响

试验研究了6组昼/夜温度处理(30/30、30/25、30/20、30/15、25/15、20/15℃)对甜瓜幼苗形态指标、生长量、叶绿素含量及根系特征的影响。结果表明,在以上6个试验条件下,甜瓜幼苗生长均受到不同程度的影响,25/15℃温度条件下,幼苗未出现徒长状况,并且甜瓜幼苗地下部鲜重最大,比相同夜温处理下的30/15、20/15℃2组分别高出35%、64%;壮苗指数呈现相同的趋势,25/15℃温度处理下壮苗指数和叶绿素含量最高,同样比其他2个处理分别高出43%、35%,幼苗根系活力也最高。对各项指标的分析表明,25/15℃气候条件下较适宜甜瓜幼苗生长发育,利于培养壮苗。     

Fast measurement of starch content in cold-treated seedlings by infrared spectra

Despite the importance of starch for tree growth, methodological challenges in starch analysis slow down the research on its ecological importance. In this study, a rapid monitoring method was developed for measuring starch content in Pinus taeda L. seedlings after cold treatments. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the effects of cold treatments, seedling tissue types and their interaction on starch content. Mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were surveyed, and the results were analyzed using partial least squares regression to determine the starch content. The determination coefficient for calibration and residual predictive deviation were compared between MIR and NIR models to assess the variability of the established models. The results showed that the effects of cold treatments, seedling tissue types and their interaction on starch content were significant. Compared to MIR spectra, NIR spectra is more suitable to estimate starch content in the seedlings. Using NIR spectra, roots provided the most accurate estimates of starch content. The presented guidelines regarding data accuracy as a function of MIR/NIR spectra of samples represent an important methodological reference for starch quantification, which will improve the understanding of the fundamental role of starch in seedlings against environmental forces.     

控释肥和灌溉方式对栓皮栎容器苗苗木质量及造林效果的影响

[目的]探讨控释肥和灌溉方式对栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Bl.)容器苗生长、养分含量、基质电导率(EC)及2年造林效果的影响,为培育高质量苗木提供参考。[方法]以栓皮栎容器苗为研究对象,采用双因素完全随机试验设计,设置5个施肥水平(以N元素含量为基准,5个施肥水平分别为:25、75、125、175、225 mg·株~(-1))和2种灌溉方式(上方喷灌(O)、底部渗灌(S)),测定栓皮栎容器苗形态指标、养分含量、根系生长、基质EC值及连续2年造林效果。[结果]表明:(1)施肥量和灌溉方式二者对苗木形态指标影响存在交互效应,225-O处理的苗木地径、根生物量、单株生物量最大,但根生物量、单株生物量在225-O、125-S、175-O处理之间差异不显著。225-S处理的苗高、茎生物量、茎根比最大,茎生物量在225-S与225-O之间差异不显著。(2)苗木茎、根的氮磷钾浓度和含量随施肥量的增加而增大,施肥量125、175、225 mg·株~(-1)处理之间的根氮、磷含量及单株磷含量差异不显著。(3)增加施肥量促进苗木根系的生长,施肥量为125、175、225 mg·株~(-1)处理之间的根系表面积、体积差异不显著。(4)基质EC值随施肥量的增加而增大,底部渗灌显著提高了基质上层、下层的EC值,基质上层、下层的最大EC值分别为4. 69、0. 56d S·m-1,没有对苗木生长产生不利影响。(5)和上方喷灌相比,底部渗灌显著地促进造林第1年幼树的树高、地径生长;造林第1年、第2年的树高和地径均随施肥量的增加而增大,造林第2年,施肥量125、175、225 mg·株~(-1)处理之间的树高、地径差异不显著。[结论]底部渗灌提高了栓皮栎容器苗体内的养分含量,促进了造林第1年幼树树高、地径的生长。施加控释肥有利于苗期苗木质量的提高及造林后苗木的快速生长。综合考虑苗木质量、经济效益、环境利益,培育栓皮栎容器苗可选择底部渗灌和控释肥量为125 mg·株~(-1)的组合(以N元素含量为基准)。     

珍贵树种蚬木研究进展

通过对珍贵树种蚬木（Excentrodendron hsienmu）的相关研究进行综述,从生物特性、群落结构、生理活动、种子、苗木培育、栽培技术、病虫害防治等方面综合总结分析,提出该树种今后重点研究的方向。     

添加不同基质对含四环素土壤玉米幼苗生理特性的影响

为探究兽用四环素对玉米幼苗生理特性的影响,通过玉米盆栽试验,研究四环素外源污染胁迫下施用不同基质(单施蚯蚓粪、菌糠、菌剂、生物炭及其与菌剂配施)对玉米生长的影响。结果表明,四环素对玉米生物量有明显的抑制作用,其中对根长的抑制作用显著大于株高,而添加不同基质均能缓解四环素对玉米株高和根长的抑制作用,且JK和JJ处理效果最显著,升幅分别为17.29%和30.08%;四环素显著诱导玉米SOD活性上升,升幅为3.34%,抑制CAT和POD活性,降幅分别为10.98%和46.68%,添加不同基质处理中,QY处理对促进抗氧化酶系统平衡的效果最显著;四环素会增加玉米脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及总黄酮含量,添加不同基质处理中,对其减少效果最显著的依次为JK、JJ、QY、S和JK处理,降幅分别为29.09%,50.88%,42.01%,50.23%和35.79%;相关性分析表明,脯氨酸、丙二醛均与可溶性蛋白和总黄酮呈极显著正相关,POD活性与可溶性糖、丙二醛与总黄酮相关性最强。综上所述,添加不同基质可有效缓解四环素对玉米幼苗的毒害作用,总趋势为JK(菌糠)、JJ(菌糠+菌剂)和QY(蚯蚓粪)处理效果较好。通过此研究,可筛选有效减少四环素对植物生长影响的基质及其施用方式,可为四环素对植物生理毒性的研究提供参考,也可为抗生素对植物的风险评价提供科学依据。     

Exogenous application of a low concentration of melatonin enhances salt tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings

Melatonin is a naturally occurring compound in plants. Here, we tested the effect of exogenous melatonin on rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) grown under salt stress. Application of 30 μmol L~(–1) melatonin alleviated salt-induced growth inhibition, and the shoot fresh weight, the shoot dry weight, the root fresh weight, and the root dry weight of seedlings treated with exogenous melatonin increased by 128.2, 142.9, 122.2, and 124.2%, respectively, compared to those under salt stress. In addition, several physiological parameters were evaluated. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) were enhanced by 16.5, 19.3, and 14.2% compared to their activities in plants without exogenous melatonin application under salt stress, while the H_2O_2 content was decreased by 11.2% by exogenous melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin treatment promoted solute accumulation by increasing the contents of proline(26.8%), soluble sugars(15.1%) and proteins(58.8%). The results also suggested that higher concentrations(50 μmol L~(–1)) of melatonin could attenuate or even prevent the beneficial effects on seedling development. In conclusion, application of a low concentration of exogenous melatonin to rapeseed plants under salt stress can improve the H_2O_2-scavenging capacity by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD, CAT and APX, and can also alleviate osmotic stress by promoting the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances such as soluble proteins, proline, and water soluble glucan. Ultimately, exogenous melatonin facilitates root development and improves the biomass of rapeseed seedlings grown under salt stress, thereby effectively alleviating the damage of salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.