兽医眼表移植学及植片材料的研究进展

角膜疾病是动物最常见的眼科疾病之一,治疗不当将引起视力减退、致盲甚至眼球摘除,给动物带来巨大的痛苦与生活障碍。兽医眼表移植手术经历了多年的研究探索与改良,成为治疗动物角膜损伤、挽救眼球甚至恢复视力的有效方法。不同的手术方式与移植材料对于角膜愈合、免疫排斥、光学性以及眼球形态产生深远的意义和影响。现就各种眼表移植技术以及植片材料在动物角膜疾病中的适应症、应用特点以及预后等方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在为兽医眼科相关疾病的临床治疗层面提供有意义的指导。     

水土流失区马尾松扦插繁殖提高成活效果研究

在水土流失区采用做沙床和容器两种方法进行马尾松扦插繁殖试验,选取珍珠岩、河沙及黄心土、草木灰混合进行不同基质扦插对比,在母树下部、中部及上部采集穗条扦插比较,生根剂不同浓度及处理方法进行扦插研究,结果表明:①以河沙、黄心土、草木灰混合或珍珠岩为基质进行容器扦插培育马尾松无性苗,其成活率和成苗率高,扦插苗生长快,起苗容易,减少苗木根系损伤,造林成活率得到保证;②马尾松稳条存在位置效应,母树中上部穗条扦插成活率达90%以上;③用低浓度生根泥浆扦插,能大幅提高马尾松穗条扦插成活率.     

葫芦砧木嫁接对西瓜生长、果实性状和产量的影响

以‘早佳’西瓜为接穗,并以接穗实生苗为对照,比较分析7个葫芦砧木嫁接对‘早佳’嫁接成活率及定植后植株生长、果实性状、产量和田间抗病性的影响。结果表明,各砧木的嫁接成活率均在93%以上,与接穗亲和性良好。与对照相比,7个砧木嫁接均促进了接穗雌花早开,对果实性状和产量也有一定的影响;其中,砧木‘京欣砧1号’和‘火神’嫁接增强了植株长势,且田间发病率较低,砧木‘火神’嫁接的西瓜植株田间发病率最低(21.67%),‘京欣砧1号’次之(30.00%)。综合评价认为,砧木‘京欣砧1号’和‘火神’与接穗的嫁接亲和性良好,植株生长势强,单瓜质量增加,果实与接穗原有的外观形状和品质较为接近,田间发病率较低,且产量提高在20%以上,可作为西瓜嫁接栽培中葫芦砧木选择的参考品种进一步试验验证。     

马铃薯嫁接番茄的试验研究

利用马铃薯苗茎作砧木,用番茄的嫩枝作接穗,进行嫁接试验.结果表明:两者嫁接后不仅可以成活,而且可以结出无异常口味的番茄和马铃薯.能否嫁接成活与嫁接时砧木茎粗、木质化程度有一定关系,砧木直径大于0.4 cm、小于0.8 cm、无木质化时,嫁接成活率较高.樱桃番茄的接后表现明显优于大番茄.     

羧甲基纤维素钠与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚及其缓释性质研究

采用微波法合成羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)-丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝共聚物。研究了接枝时间,引发剂用量,CMC/AM,初始温度等因素对接枝率的影响。结果表明,当接枝反应时间为3min,引发剂浓度为0.5mg/mL,CMC/AM为1/5,初始反应温度为30℃时,接枝率达62.69%。接枝共聚物对卵清蛋白溶液具有一定的缓释作用。     

SONOGRAPHIC AND SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ACUTE RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN CATS

The sonographic features of acute renal allograft rejection in humans and dogs are manifested by increase in renal cross-sectional area and reduction in renal cortical blood flow. These changes have not been investigated in cats. The objectives of this study were to evaluate sonographic and scintigraphic changes during acute renal allograft rejection in cats. Eight SPF, intact, adult, male cats received heterotopic renal allotransplantations. Immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporine and prednisolone were administered for 14 days and then discontinued to allow acute allograft rejection to occur. Serial measurements of renal cross-sectional area, resistive index (RI), echogenicity, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were performed to evaluate changes during acute rejection. Upon sonographic confirmation of absent diastolic blood flow or a 20% increase in cross-sectional area of the allograft, a nephrectomy and histopathologic evaluation were performed. Acute allograft rejection was confirmed histologically in all cats. Significant increases in renal cross-sectional area (P < 0.001) occurred postoperatively and during rejection. There were no significant changes in RI (P = 0.43) at any time. A subjective increase in medullary echogenicity and a decrease in corticomedullary demarcation were observed in the rejection period. While GFR decreased significantly in the immediate postoperative period (P < 0.001), no further change occurred during rejection (P = 0.42). Changes in RI and GFR do not appear to be sensitive indicators of acute renal allograft rejection in cats. Serial measurements of renal cross-sectional area appear to be a sensitive method for the early diagnosis of allograft rejection in feline renal transplant recipients.     

椪柑高接换种的接枝方法研究

通过对中间砧的不同角度、不同接芽方位、不同粗度接枝进行高接试验。结果表明:8年生枳砧普通从江椪柑高接改换从江椪柑良种少核株系,切接高度可选择在1～1.5m,切接角度0°～70°,接枝切面近靠主干一侧,并以距主干角度0°～70°且直径大于1.5cm以上的粗壮接枝开砧为优。     

核桃方块芽接愈合体形态特征调查

砧木和接穗质量是植物嫁接繁殖工作的基础,对砧木和接穗数量化指标研究工作很少。以云新核桃方块芽接愈合体为研究对象,采用大样本的调查方法,调查了砧木粗度、帮扎方式、导流孔宽度、芽片的大小和芽的形状。分析结果表明,核桃生长期方块芽接时砧木和接穗的量化指标为:①接穗芽座无,叶痕无或有隆起但不明显;②方块芽芽片宽度在16~25 mm,长度在40~50 mm之间;③绑扎方式为露芽和叶柄;④导流孔宽度2~5 mm之间;⑤砧木嫁接部位的粗度以1.3~2.0 cm最为适宜。     

Effects of Ozone on Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Varieties

The well-known ozone bioindicator tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) variety Bel-W3 and six varieties cultivated in Greece were tested for their relative sensitivities to ozone by exposures conducted in controlled-environment chambers (0, 90, 135 and 180 p.p.b. for 20 days at 8 h day⁻¹). Based on the extent of macroscopic symptoms, Bel-W3 was found to be the most sensitive variety, followed by Zichnomirodata (KK6/5), while K63 was the most resistant. There was a differentiation between Bel-W3 and KK6/5, in terms of both magnitude and visual appearance of symptoms. Ozone reduced the plant height, leaf area and dry weights of leaves, stems and roots. The root dry weight reduction was greater than that of leaves and stems. Moreover, gross photosynthesis was reduced by ozone exposure, mainly in the lower leaves. The ozone-related sensitivity could not be attributed to greater stomatal density because (a) the most tolerant and the most resistant varieties had almost the same number of stomata per mm² and (b) the most resistant leaves (upper) had greater stomatal density than the most sensitive (lower) ones, even in the same plant. Stomatal conductance was greater in the abaxial surface (P < 0.001) than in the adaxial surface and in the upper leaves (P=0.013) than in the lower leaves, but it did not differ significantly between the Bel-W3 and K63 varieties (P=0.3417). The fumigation of grafted plants – Bel-W3 (ozone-sensitive) on K63 (ozone-resistant) and vice versa – suggested that stocks did not affect the ozone sensitivity of scions.     

Facial reconstructive surgery

Reconstruction of facial defects can be very challenging, even in the hands of an experienced surgeon. Most defects can be repaired using local available tissues. Lip defects can be reconstructed using geometric closure techniques and advancement of local tissues. Forehead defects can be reconstructed using skin grafts, caudal auricular flaps, or rotational or transposition flaps. Care must be taken to minimize tension on eyelids and maintain the integrity of the facial nerve. Cheek defects can be reconstructed using local advancement, superficial temporal, omocervical, and caudal auricular flaps. The bridge of the nose can be very difficult to reconstruct due to a paucity of local tissues; however, skin grafts, indirect pedicle flaps, and superficial temporal flaps can be considered. .