Genetic variability in cultivated common bean beyond the two major gene pools

It is generally accepted that two major gene pools exist in cultivatedcommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a MiddleAmerican and an Andean one. Some evidence, based on unique phaseolin morphotypesand AFLP analysis, suggests that at least one more gene pool exists incultivated common bean. To investigate this hypothesis, 1072 accessions from acommon bean core collection from the primary centres of origin, held at CIAT,were investigated. Various agronomic and morphological attributes (14categorical and 11 quantitative) were measured. Multivariate analyses,consisting of homogeneity analysis and clustering for categorical data,clustering and ordination techniques for quantitative data and nonlinearprincipal component analysis for mixed data, were undertaken. The results ofmost analyses supported the existence of the two major gene pools. However, theanalysis of categorical data of protein types showed an additional minor genepool. The minor gene pool is designated North Andean and includes phaseolintypes CH, S and T; lectin types 312, Pr, B and K; and mostly A5, A6 and A4 types-amylase inhibitor. Analysis of the combined categorical data ofprotein types and some plant categorical data also suggested that some othergermplasm with C type phaseolin are distinguished from the major gene pools.     

Core subsets of base collections and priorities of national programmes: Indian perspective

Summary The establishment of representative core collections and back-up reserve collections was proposed to facilitate effective management and to promote utilization of large base collections. The priorities of the developing national PGR programmes, in the organization of components of their base collections, are different from those of IARCs since the strengths as well as limitations of the two systems vary. Unlike most IARCs, national programmes have the option of networking their active collections, maintained at several eco-sites, and linking this network to the base collection kept under long-term storage. This keeps open the option to develop situation-specific subsets for an effective germplasm utilization. There is a pressing need for a scientific re-examination of the concept of germplasm core in order better to apply it in developing core subsets in the national PGR programmes. The formulation of situation-specific subsets is advocated, as the system would be directed to users' requirements or addressed to gene bank managers' resource constraints. Arguments given in favour of developing core subsets, rather than a single core are: (i) logical; (ii) population genetic; and (iii) germplasm usage considerations. The Indian PGR programme and the emerging core context are briefly discussed, along with features of a programme designed to develop such core subsets.Abbreviations IARCs = International Agriculture Research Centers - NBPGR = National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources - NAGS = National Active Germplasm Collection Site - NGSNs = National Germplasm Screening Nurseries - GACs = Germplasm Advisory Committees     

Biomass production and related characters in the core collection of Pisum germplasm

Retention of residue on the soil surface following harvest is an effective method of reducing soil erosion from both wind and water. The pea crop produces small amounts of residue to effectively reduce soil erosion. Severe erosion occurs in pea production areas such as the Palouse Region of the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) when low residue crops such as spring pea or lentil are followed by fall-sown wheat. The current study was conducted to determine the range of total aboveground biomass (TAB), seed yield, and straw (residue) production from the plant identification (PI) accessions that comprise the core collection of Pisum germplasm. In addition, the potential for increasing seed yield and straw production simultaneously was evaluated. Three hundred and ninety PI accessions were screened in the field in 1996 and 1997. The variation for TAB, seed yield and straw production among the PI accessions exceeded that of the controls both years. Seed yield was positively correlated with straw production (r = 0.81, p< 0.01) indicating that seed and straw production can be increased simultaneously through positive selection for both traits. Significant favorable variation is present among accessions in the USDA core collection of Pisum germplasm which could be used to increase both seed yield and total biomass production of adapted breeding lines.     

Distribution and habitat of Spanish populations of the subtribe Hordeineae; improved views following germplasm collecting activities

A complete study was made of 20 Spanish herbaria and of the literature concerning the regional flora of Spain in order to define the geographical limits of the different genera of the subtribe Hordeineae found in Spain. Accordingly, several expeditions were undertaken to the greater part of the Spanish mainland and its islands in order to collect samples of wild populations of the genera Hordeum L., Taeniatherum Nevski and Hordelymus Jessen. This paper, which contains information garnered from both collection activities and the study of herbaria, describes the distribution and ecological characteristics of the habitats where populations of H. bulbosum, H. secalinum, H. murinum subsp. murinum, H. murinum subsp. leporinum, H. marinum subsp. marinum, H. marinum subsp. gussoneanum, Taeniatherum caput-medusae and Hordelymus europeus grow.The bioclimatic and geographical characteristics of the populations of the different genera and species from which samples were taken during collect ing expeditions are also described.     

花椒良种选育研究

在对韩城市大红袍产量、品质等进行调查的基础上,通过选优对比试验,选育出了狮子头、无刺椒及南强1号优良品种,该品种具有丰产性能强、品质优、易采摘(无刺或错开集中成熟期)等优良特性。     

天然花色苷的资源收集及稳定性测定

通过天然花色苷材料野外采集,共得到50种植物的花色苷样品,采用pH1.0/pH4.5溶液吸光值(△OD)差值法,对这些花色苷提取液进行了1年的测定和筛选,筛选出了花色苷颜色稳定性较好的桔梗(PlatycodongrandifloruaA.)、蜀葵(Althaea.RoseaL.)、翠雀(DelphiniumgrandiflorumL.)和日本红菊(ChrysanthemummorifoliumRamat)等4种植物资源。对这4种花色苷进行酸碱性、光照、金属离子、热处理等条件下的稳定性测定,表明在pH4.0以下稳定,高于pH4.0稳定性则明显下降。日光、pH1.0条件下上述4种花色苷溶液的半衰期分别为339d、255d、226d和234d。钙、镁离子对花色苷的稳定性无影响,铝、铜、锡和铁的存在降低花色苷的稳定性,其中铝影响较小,铜锡影响较大,铁影响最大。在100℃20minpH1.0热处理下色素损失率分别为2.7%、29.2%、20.0%和7.1%。桔梗花色苷稳定性明显优于其余3种花色苷。结果表明上述4种花色苷有希望开发成为食品色素添加剂。     

基于MSComm控件的串行通信方法及实现

串行接口由于其具有连接简单、使用方便、数据传递可靠等优点，在工业实时控制系统中得到了广泛应用。本文探讨了基于Windows98平台上利用Microsoft Communica-tions Control控件编写串行通信程序的方法，并结合开发实践，阐述了用C Builder5语言实现了基于ActiveX技术的串行通信编程的一般步骤。实践表明，该方法简单、可靠，从而大大缩短实时控制软件的开发周期，减少程序员的工作量。     

吉林省稻种资源核心种质构建的研究

本研究在借鉴国内外有关同类研究的基础上,以我所自建国以来历年收集、观察、鉴定和筛选出性状稳定一致的3170份稻种资源为研究对象,在吉林省农业科学院水稻所试验地同一试验条件下,自1997～2000年进行了连续4年的系统观察、鉴定,确定了以总体取样量15%、按代码分组、组内简单比例取样及组内聚类取样的取样方案作为构建吉林省稻种资源核心种质的最佳方案。按照最佳建库方案构建起了一个以资源总数3170份的15%,即477份核心样品资源可代表总体资源98%以上的遗传多样性的核心种质库。     

浅谈知识经济时代研究型大学图书馆的建设

从阐述研究型大学图书馆的意义入手，强调从图书馆的藏书布局、馆员素质、服务理念、网络技术应用四个角度进行创新，构建符合知识经济时代的研究型图书馆。     

中国普通野生稻初级核心种质取样策略

以国家品种资源库编目入库的中国普通野生稻种质5571份为材料、19个分类和形态性状的数据比较研究了中国普通野生稻的核心种质总体取样比例和取样策略，以获得最佳初级核心种质。设3个总体取样比例5％、15％和25％，取样方案分3个层次即分组原则、组内取样比例和组内取样方法。分组原则为省、纬度、生长习性和单一性状及不分组的大随机；组内取样比例为对数法、平方根法、遗传多样性指数和简单比例法；组内取样采用随机和聚类2种方法。结果表明，当总体取样比例从5％增加到15％时，所取得核心种质的表型保留比例有比较大的增幅，而比例由15％增加到25％时，表型保留比例变化不大，因此认为15％的取样比例较为合适；取样方案以采集省份分组，组内以对数比例法聚类取样效果最好。最终根据这一方案在计算机上编程取样860份，其多样性指数为1．1015、变异系数为16．87，表型方差为0．8546。3个检测参数值比原始种质库都有明显的提高。此外，根据国家种质资源库表型数据人工定向取样60份，建立了920份材料的中国普通野生稻初级核心种质。