丰帅苹果品种选育报告

丰帅是江苏省丰县农委果树研究所从金帅中选育的芽变品种,于2011年通过江苏省果茶花品种鉴定,鉴定证号为苏鉴果201109号。该品种在保留金帅优良特性的基础上,具有果实高桩、果面光洁、果锈较少的特点,适合在黄河故道区域发展。     

Genetic improvement in pine wilt disease resistance inPinus thunbergii: The effectiveness of pre-screening with an artificial inoculation at the nursery

Open pollinated progenies from 15 clones of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii), that had been selected for their tolerance to pine wilt disease, were tested by artificial inoculation with pine wood nematode for six years at a nursery of Kyushu Regional Breeding Office. Family variations in the respective year were all significant. An analysis of variance across the six years’ tests confirmed highly significant effect of year and of families; however, the year by family interaction was significant also. Phenotypic and genetic variances estimated from each year’s result were fitted to a quadratic regression using their mean survival ratio as an independent variable. The variances were greatest at around 0.5 of the mean survival ratio. Estimated heritability showed a similar trend of change, whereas the peak of the expected amount of improvement shifted toward the lower survival range: around 0.4, where a greater selection differential was anticipated. It was concluded that a useful amount of genetic improvement that may be reduced by 30% due to the interaction, would be expected by prescreening seedlings where the mean survival ratio after inoculation was around 0.25 to 0.6.     

The dynamic mating systems of conifers

Conifer mating systems vary among species and within species; both ecological variables and genetic variation cause mating systems to be dynamic. Within species, estimates of rates of outcrossing vary among populations, among loci, and among individuals within stands. The level of outcrossing varies with stand density, age, and the abundance of local and foreign pollen. Variation in the mating success of both males and females violates the assumption that populations are randomly mating and at equilibrium, and justifies more quantitative analyses of mating systems. Allelic frequencies in the pollen pool and in the pool of receptive female surfaces may vary through a season and among seasons, producing positively assortative mating in time. Seed and seedling viability selects against homozygotes for lethal alleles and favors heterozygous genotypes, biasing estimates of outcrossing. Particularly fruitful topics of research include the genetic consequences of polyembryony, differential male and female mating success, and associations between specific genotypes and floral phenology.     

白僵菌优良菌株的选育

本研究将所收集的28个菌株,用稀释单孢分离的方法,进行生长特征、生长速度、产孢量和室内外对松毛虫致病力的测定比较,以闽林2、闽林1、闽林3号菌株表现突出,为优良菌株。     

彩叶木本植物育种研究进展

列出了106种常见的彩叶木本植物，综述了彩叶木本植物的育种和良种繁育技术研究状况，并分析了其在园林建设中的应用和发展前景。     

接种用松材线虫分离种群的筛选

自2001年10月以来开展了“马尾松松材线虫抗性育种技术的开发”的项目工作，为选拔马尾松松材线虫抗性候补树，确保接种用的松材线虫虫源，对松材线虫分离种群的繁殖、致病力和增殖能力作了研究。对不同地区采取由松材线虫致死的19棵当年枯死木样品，用贝曼漏斗法从中分离出19个松材线虫分离种群，在25℃条件下，成功培养16个分离种群。在2a生黑松苗上进行接种，测定松材线虫的致病力。55d后在野外试验区的感病率为26．1％～97．6％，大棚试验区的感病率为84．4％～100％，野外与大棚内的加权平均感病率差20％以上，显示出松材线虫致病力由气温增高和土壤干燥而增强。分别对16个分离种群以相同的接种头数在PDA培养，其繁殖面积的快慢不同；以大量繁殖为目的，在同量的小麦培养基中以相同的接种量，各自的繁殖量也不同，每培养皿的繁殖量为98万～176万头。根据试验结果，选用致病力最强、繁殖力较强的广朱3B松材线虫分离种群作为接种用松材线虫的接种虫源。     

黑松引种试验研究

对引种的黑松进行了育苗和多点造林试验,从生长和抗逆性上进行了观测.苗期试验表明,黑松苗期在小陇山林区适应性强,苗期保存率高于油松,苗期生长表现与油松差异不显著,2年生苗木平均地径0.61 cm ,平均苗高16.30 cm.多点造林试验表明,黑松适应小陇山林区的气候、立地条件,抗鼠害能力比油松强,造林成活率和保存率比油松高,幼林生长表现与油松差异不显著.8年生黑松林分平均胸径3.20 cm,平均高2.98 m.引种获得成功,丰富了小陇山林区营造生态公益林的种质资源.     

泰山板栗良种(优系)选育研究

本研究通过对板栗种质资源丰富的泰山的实生板栗大树进行良种选育,在对优系生长结果,栗实品质调查的基础上,通过初选、实地调查、专家复选,确定23个优系在3种不同立地条件下建优系对比园。通过各优系的生物学特性、早实丰产性、栗实品质进行对比分析,采用最大隶属度原则进行排序,筛选出综合品质前4位的5号、8号1、6和20号。筛选出的4个优系在不同立地条件上表现丰产稳产,4 a生株产在2.0kg以上,比对照石丰株产高70%~190%,平均投影面积产量在0.5 kg以上。栗实综合品质优良,单粒重在8.0g以上,红褐色或紫褐色,茸毛少或较少,富光泽,栗实整齐均匀,含糖量在18.0%以上,栗肉细、味香、糯性强,栗实品质优于石丰。     

桤叶唐棣育苗及丰产栽培技术

桤叶唐棣属于蔷薇科唐棣属落叶灌木或小乔木,为北美洲的著名经济树种。其果实为浆果,每100 g鲜果含钙88 m g,为百果之首;并含有多种营养成分。详细介绍了桤叶唐棣的形态学特征、生物学特性;重点介绍了桤叶唐棣种子处理、营养钵基质的配制、播种、苗期管理等育苗技术、丰产栽培技术和病虫害防治技术。     

发展福建省林木育种工作的思考

本文指出随着福建林业的发展，林木良种工作也产生了相应的变化，认为应当对主要用材树种进行深入研究，使育种目标多样化并加强对林木种质基因资源的保护。