miR-106b-5p靶向KLF4调控山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化

旨在明确miR-106b-5p对山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的影响，并确定这种作用是通过靶向KLF4来实现的。本研究利用实时荧光定量PCR （quantitative real-time PCR，qRT-PCR）技术检测miR-106b-5p在山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的表达模式，通过脂质体转染技术将miR-106b-5p mimic和miR-106b-5p inhibitor转入体外培养的山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞，油红O染色法从形态学验证miR-106b-5p对脂肪细胞中脂滴积聚的影响，qRT-PCR检测预测的靶标基因KLF4和脂肪分化标志基因的表达情况，利用双荧光素酶报告系统鉴定miR-106b-5p与KLF4的靶标关系。qRT-PCR结果显示，miR-106b-5p在山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞诱导分化第3天时表达量最高。在山羊肌内脂肪细胞中干扰miR-106b-5p后油红O染色显示脂滴聚积减少，过表达miR-106b-5p后脂滴聚积增加。在山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞中转染miR-106b-5p inhibitor后PPARγ表达量显著降低（P<0.05），而KLF4表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）；转染miR-106b-5p mimic后LPL和PPARγ表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）。荧光素酶活性试验结果显示，过表达miR-106b-5p可显著抑制KLF4荧光活性。miR-106b-5p通过靶向并负调节KLF4的表达促进山羊肌内脂肪细胞分化。     

磁化水灌溉对保护地土壤质量及尖椒品质的影响

[目的]探讨磁化水处理技术对长期保护地栽培土壤矿质养分、生物酶活性、物理结构等土壤理化性状及果实品质的影响,为减缓保护地栽培土壤次生盐渍化进程及土壤质量改善提供理论依据,为磁化水处理技术的应用提供理论基础。[方法]以山东省寿光市洛城镇长期保护地栽培土壤和尖椒为试材,采用田间小区试验设计,设置磁化水灌溉处理,以非磁化水灌溉处理为对照,测定0~15cm土层中土壤全量养分、有效性养分和交换性养分含量、土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤颗粒以及pH等土壤理化性质和果实品质指标,分析其变化特征。[结果]结果表明：(1)磁化水灌溉提高了尖椒果实中维生素C、花青素、还原糖含量和可溶性糖含量,提高比例分别为1.76~46.85%；降低了果实中有机酸含量。(2)磁化水灌溉处理促进了Fe、Cu、N和P在叶片中的累积,其含量高于果实,而Mn和Zn含量则略低于果实中含量；Fe含量提高比例最高,在叶片和果实中平均值为57.20%,其次为全磷含量,平均值为53.49%；且磁化水灌溉处理尖椒果实和叶片矿质元素含量均高于非磁化水灌溉处理。(3)磁化水灌溉保护地栽培土壤中N、P、Mn和Zn等元素全量含量降低,为2.04%~20.61%；Fe和Cu等元素全量含量提高为4.64%-6.48%；土壤交换性K、Na和Ca等离子含量降低,为2.15%~4.95%,而交换性Mg离子含量则提高；铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷和有机质等有效性养分含量提高。(4)磁化水灌溉保护地栽培土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶等生物酶活性均有不同幅度的提高,为0.27%~24.75%。(5)磁化水灌溉保护地栽培土壤容重降低、孔隙度增加,黏粒和粉粒等细小颗粒含量增加,而砂粒含量则有所下降。[结论]综上所述,磁化水处理技术有利于土壤物理结构的改善,对土壤有效性养分累积和供应强度以及土壤生物酶活性有明显的促进作用,从而提高尖椒果实的鲜食品质；并通过调整交换性离子含量和组成以及土壤pH的调节,减缓保护地土壤次生盐渍化的发生。     

不同林龄杉木林下套种阔叶树对土壤磷组分的影响

套种是杉木人工林经营的重要措施,磷是南方森林生态系统中主要限制性养分元素之一,但套种模式对土壤磷素的影响尚不明确。以亚热带杉木人工林表层(0-10 cm)土壤为对象,研究套种林(杉阔套种幼林、杉阔套种成熟林)和杉木幼林土壤理化性质和土壤各形态磷含量差异,分析套种对杉木人工林土壤磷含量的影响。结果表明:(1)不同套种林显著改变土壤总磷、土壤总无机磷、土壤总有机磷、土壤微生物生物量磷(MBP)和土壤酸性磷酸酶活性(APA),大小顺序均为杉阔套种成熟林>杉阔套种幼林>杉木幼林。(2)土壤各磷组分中活性磷含量较低,其中NaHCO3-Po在活性组分中占主导;土壤NaOH-Po是中等活性磷的主要组分,杉阔套种成熟林尤为显著;闭蓄态磷(Residual-P)在总磷含量中最高。(3)与杉木幼林相比,杉阔套种成熟林显著增加了树脂提取态磷(Resin-Pi)、碳酸氢钠提取态有机和无机磷(NaHCO3-Pi、NaHCO3-Po)、氢氧化钠提取态有机和无机磷(NaOH-Pi、NaOH-Po)、氢氧化钠残留提取态有机磷(NaOHu.s-Po)、盐酸提取态磷(HCl-Pi)和闭蓄态磷(Residual-P)含量;土壤总无机磷、NaHCO3-Po、HCl-Pi、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOHu.s-Pi和Residual-P对杉阔套种幼林的响应不敏感。(4)除含水率外不同林龄下杉阔套种林土壤磷形态与土壤理化性质(土壤总碳氮、土壤可溶性有机氮、土壤微生物生物量磷、酸性磷酸酶)呈正相关性(P<0.05)。冗余分析表明,土壤磷组分的变化主要受MBP调控,且MBP与有机磷组分(NaOHu.s-Po、NaOH-Po)和HCI-Pi呈显著正相关。总之,套种林的土壤磷素有效性高于杉木幼林,土壤养分状况更佳。     

旱地燕麦间作对土壤酶活性、微生物含量及产量的影响

本文通过研究内蒙古旱作区禾本科、豆科及茄科间作对土壤生物性状的影响，旨在揭示燕麦（Avena sativa Linn）与不同作物间作及其单作在土壤酶活性、微生物量及土地当量比（LER）等方面的优势机理。本试验设置燕麦、黑豆（Glycinemax（L.）merr）、苜蓿（Medicago sativa）、马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L）单作和黑豆间作燕麦、苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦共7个处理，探讨各处理对上述各指标的影响。结果表明：燕麦间作黑豆土地当量比最高，2015年和2016年分别为1.62和1.65。燕麦间作黑豆土壤脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性较苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦显著提高了5.00%~51.61%和5.73%~52.29%。2015年和2016年播种后75 d苜蓿间作燕麦土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著高于黑豆间作燕麦，分别提高了29.47%和40.56%。黑豆间作燕麦对比其他两间作处理土壤微生物的生物量碳、氮含量分别显著提高了2.70%~17.89%和11.36%~26.47%，土壤脲酶活性提高了1.51%~55.22%，蔗糖酶活性提高了5.73%~52.29%，是该地区最优的间作模式。     

不同光照条件对脱镁叶绿酸钠光敏抑菌活性的影响

脱镁叶绿酸钠是叶绿素代谢中间产物脱镁叶绿酸a的水溶性钠盐，具有良好的光敏抑菌活性。为探索光照条件对其抑菌活性的影响，采用菌丝生长速率法，研究在不同光照度、光波长及光照时间条件下，脱镁叶绿酸钠对忽视拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis neglecta的抑制作用。结果表明:20 mg/mL的脱镁叶绿酸钠在照度为2 000 lx的白光照射下对菌丝生长的抑制率为83.7%，在黑暗条件下抑制率为77.0%，表明光照对脱镁叶绿酸钠抑菌活性有显著影响 (P < 0.05)；此外，白光的效果好于单色光；光照度及光照时间对抑菌活性也有显著影响，其中当照度为16 000 lx且光照时间为24 h时抑菌作用最强。     

不同光照时间对毛红椿种子活力的影响

研究了不同光照时间对不同家系毛红椿种子活力特性的影响.结果表明:全黑暗、全光照条件下均会抑制种子活力;光照16h条件下毛红椿种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、苗高显著高于其它光照处理;宣恩5号、宣恩4号、宣恩6号3个家系种子发芽率高于其它家系;宣恩4号家系种子发芽势最高,出苗最整齐;建始家系幼苗生长最快,苗高最高.宣恩1号种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数最低.     

Fusarium solani Upregulated Sesquiterpene Synthase Expression,Sesquiterpene Production and Allelopathic Activity in Piper betle L.

Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.     

裂褶菌多糖的研究进展

裂褶菌多糖(Schizophyllan)是裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune)的主要活性成分之一.综述了裂褶菌多糖结构、提取纯化工艺和生理活性功能等方面的研究进展.     

Uneven ripening in ‘Bangalore blue’ grape (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca) berries in India is linked to seed viability

Uneven ripening (UR) is a physiological disorder of unknown origin in ‘Bangalore blue’ grape (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca) leading to wine of inferior quality. A preliminary study found wide variations in total dehydrogenase activity (TDH) of seeds from unevenly ripe berries. In our experiments, gibberellin (GA₃) applied to young grapes increased seed TDH activity and reduced the incidence of uneven ripening to 2% compared with 35% in the control. In contrast, paclobutrazol (PBZ) decreased TDH activity and increased the incidence of the disorder to 58%. GA₃-treated berries had higher concentrations of sucrose and TDH activity in seed representing mature seeds with high viability. In contrast, PBZ-treated and control berries had higher concentrations of glucose and lower TDH activity, indicating immature seeds with low viability. These results suggested that competition among developing berries can lead to differences in seed gibberellin content, seed viability and the rate of berry growth resulting in green, purple, and black berries at harvest. The study established the role of seed viability in uneven ripening and demonstrated that the incidence of the disorder is reduced by the application of GA₃ to immature berries.     

密度泛函法研究金丝桃素的结构特性与光活性

采用密度泛函法（Density functional theory method,DFT）在6-31G＊基组水平上对金丝桃素（Hypericin,4,4′,5,5′,7,7′-六羟基-2,2′M甲基-中位-萘骈二蒽酮,化学式为C30H16O8）的分子结构、轨道能量、电荷布居、红外图谱等进行了研究,并对分子中的不同氢键类型以及光活性的本质特性进行了讨论;同时对部分计算结果与实验数据进行了对比分析.结果表明,金丝桃素易于与生物分子发生作用从而破坏病变分子;理论计算的数据与一些已知的实验数据具有较好的吻合性,说明计算结果有效.