旱稻矿质养分吸收与施肥效应

 早稻和水稻的养分吸收规律不同。施氮肥可明显提高旱稻产量,并促进养分吸收;豆科植物与旱稻间套作会增加早稻的氮素养分吸收,对提高早稻产量有重要作用。热带酸性土壤缺磷是限制早稻产量的主要因素之一,施磷肥有显著的增产效果。早稻主要吸收Mehlich-1法浸提形态的磷,但基因型之间对磷的利用效率有明显差异。酸性土壤施入石灰能改善磷的有效性,促进旱稻对磷、钙和镁的吸收而提高产量;但石灰量的增加导致旱稻对钾、锌、铜、锰和铁的吸收减少。旱稻钾的营养和施肥研究结论不一,与各地土壤有效钾含量不同有关。其它元素中锌和硅的研究较多,硅肥和锌肥能提高旱稻产量。我国对旱稻矿质营养及施肥研究仍未引起重视,尤其对国内培育的新品种矿质营养的研究和当前旱稻的主栽区北方碱性土壤中旱稻对氮、磷、钾吸收利用的研究更为薄弱。     

常用植物生长调节剂残留分析研究进展

综述了常用植物生长调节剂在食品中的残留分析方法。     

粮油产品黄曲霉毒素B1检测技术研究进展

对黄曲霉毒素检测技术进行了简要介绍和评述,并对近年来粮油及制品黄曲霉毒素B1快速检测方法研究进展和发展趋势进行了综述和讨论.     

Response of Coniferous Forest Ecosystems on Mineral Soils to Nutrient Additions: A Review of Swedish Experiences

Nitrogen (N) is the only nutrient that promotes forest growth when given individually. An extra stem growth of 15 m 3 ha -1 is obtained during a 10 yr period following an application of 150 kg N ha -1 . Larger growth increases have often been the result of more intensive N fertilization. Lime or wood ash give a minor growth stimulation on sites with a carbon (C) to N ratio below 30 in the humus layer, while the opposite effect prevails on N-poor sites. Nutrients given as soluble fertilizers are readily taken up by trees. Boron deficiency may be induced in northern Sweden after N fertilization or liming. The ground vegetation may be altered by single-shot N fertilization, but long-term effects occur only for intensive regimes. Lime or wood ash may modify the flora if soil pH is significantly altered: the change will be in response to N availability. Fruit-body production of mycorrhizal fungi is disfavoured by chronic N input, but also by lime or ash. However, the mycorrhizal structures on root tips are less affected. Faunistic studies are not common and those present are mostly devoted to soil fauna. A practical N dose of 150 kg N ha -1 has no clear effect, but higher doses may reduce the abundance in some groups. Hardened wood ash does not significantly affect the soil fauna. Lime favours snails and earthworms, while other groups are often disfavoured. The response of aquatic fauna to terrestrial treatments has hardly been studied. N fertilization generally results in insignificant effects on fish and benthic fauna. Lime and wood ash reduce the acidity of the topsoil, but practical doses (2-3 t ha -1 ) are too low to raise the alkalinity of runoff unless outflow areas are treated. N fertilizer use in forestry and N-free fertilizers lack effects on acidification. N fertilization may, however, be strongly acidifying if nitrification is induced and followed by nitrate leaching. N fertilization often results in increased long-term C retention in trees and soil, but does not promote significant N 2 O losses. N may temporarily reduce CH 4 oxidation in soil, but there are indications of a long-term opposite effect. Lime and poorly hardened wood ash may cause losses of C from N-rich soils. Only a few per cent of added N are leached to surface water following practical N fertilization, while N-free fertilizers do not induce N leaching. Soil incubations and soil-water studies suggest an increased risk for nitrate formation and leaching where lime or wood have been added to N-rich soils, but increased leaching to surface water has not been observed. Wood ash causes a temporal increase in bioavailability of cadmium (Cd). Other fertilizers may indirectly increase the availability of heavy metals. Wood ash may contain radioactive caesium 137Cs, but addition of such ash does not increase radioactivity in plants and soil.     

“空心村”问题研究述评

文章依据现有"空心村"研究资料,结合各地农村现实情况,从文化、经济、制度三个方面分析了"空心村"产生的原因,提出了相应对策,并指出政府主动参与决策与规划、农民自身积极规划与执行、村集体进行有效协调与组织是"空心村"规划整改的基础。     

公众参与农村闲置宅基地整理的研究综述

农村闲置宅基地整理是我国土地整理中的重要组成部分,有效的公众参与可以使农村闲置宅基地整理成为真正的"民心工程"。文章分析了以德国和荷兰为代表的国外土地整理中公众参与的研究进展,并与我国公众参与农村闲置宅基地整理的现状进行了对比,针对我国公众参与在农村闲置宅基地整理的方式和法律保障等方面的问题提出了建议。     

全文搜索引擎检索帮助的分析与评述

全文搜索引擎是目前使用较多的搜索引擎,通过对常用的全文搜索引擎和部分具有检索功能网站的检索帮助进行分析研究,找出其存在的不足,以便下一步对全文搜索引擎检索帮助进行改进提供有价值的信息和参考依据。     

发挥优势突出特色推进图书馆事业发展——塔里木大学图书馆事业发展回顾

新疆塔里木大学图书馆始建于1958年,在此回顾了图书馆50多年来的发展历程。对馆藏资源的合理配置、特色馆藏、现代化建设、读者服务工作等方面的发展状况进行了概述,充分展示了50多年来图书馆的发展成就。     

图书馆服务营销与推广文献研究

本文利用CNKI跨库检索,对2000年至2011年图书馆营销研究的论文,从年代、期刊、著者、主题等方面进行统计分析,以研究国内图书馆营销的现状,总结国内图书馆营销研究的发展脉络和近年来研究的热点问题,指出目前国内图书馆营销研究存在的不足。     

光源及光质调控在温室蔬菜生产中的应用研究进展

利用光质调控植株形态建成和生长发育是温室栽培领域的一项重要技术。近年来,为克服温室蔬菜的光照不足现象,多采用人工补光来改善温室内光照条件。本文综述了人工补光光源及光质调控在温室蔬菜生产中的应用研究进展,包括人工光源的特征(传统人工光源以及LED光源)及其在温室蔬菜中的应用、光质对温室蔬菜生长发育和品质的影响等方面,重点介绍了温室蔬菜侧面补光方面的应用进展。并对LED灯在我国温室蔬菜栽培领域的应用前景及侧面补光的应用进行了展望。