外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下加工番茄生理特性的影响

研究了外源甜菜碱对加工番茄幼苗抗盐性的影响。结果表明:外源甜菜碱可以显著提高加工番茄叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,可以提高加工番茄叶片SOD活性,降低膜透性和MDA的含量,从而有效的提高加工番茄的抗盐性。在该试验中叶面喷施高浓度的甜菜碱比低浓度的甜菜碱效果更明显。     

Growth, stomata aperture, biochemical changes and branch anatomy in mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Chokanan in response to root restriction and water stress

Mango production is often subject to space and tree size management pressures among growers. This study found that root restriction contributed to reduced leaf expansion, thus inhibiting the growth of mango trees. There was even less leaf expansion under water stress conditions. Under well-watered conditions, restricted roots considerably reduced stomatal conductance and leaf water potential compared to control root growth. More rapid reductions in stomatal conductance and leaf water potential occurred under restricted root and water stress conditions compared to control trees. Leaf proline concentrations and abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased as a result of root restriction and water stress but decreased with re-watering. Re-watering also increased stomatal conductance, leaf water potential and peroxidase accumulation in plants with both restricted and non-restricted root growth. Anatomical studies of cross sections of secondary branches showed that root restriction and water stress brought about various changes: compacted cells, as estimated by epidermis thickness and area, as well as by cortex thickness, but with increases in schelerenchyma thickness, phloem and xylem thickness, schelerenchyma area, and pith area and diameter. These results suggest that reduction of soil volume and water stress could effectively control tree size through physiological and morphological changes; thereby bringing higher sustainable returns per hectare and greater effectiveness in orchard management.     

水分胁迫对2种牧草幼苗脯氨酸及过氧化氢酶活性的影响

采用聚乙二醇高渗溶液模拟水分胁迫方法,研究了水分胁迫对红豆草、无芒雀麦2种牧草幼苗游离脯氨酸(Pro)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明,在水分胁迫下,2种牧草幼苗Pro含量和CAT活性的变化均呈斜抛物线趋势,即胁迫初期缓慢上升,到达一定胁迫程度后快速下降。     

The role of calcium in regulating photosynthesis and related physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings under low light intensity and suboptimal temperature stress

The response of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline content to low light intensity and suboptimal temperature in Cucumis sativa L. seedlings pretreated with either distilled water, 10 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM LaCl₃, 3 mM ethyleneglycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl) tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or 0.05 mM chlorpromazine (CPZ) were investigated. The results showed that 10 mM CaCl₂ led to an increase in photosynthetic rate (Pn), carboxylation efficiency (CE), ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity, chlorophyll content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and proline content of cucumber seedlings under low light intensity and suboptimal temperature, in comparison with the distilled water-pretreated seedlings. However, LaCl₃, EGTA and CPZ were in contrast to CaCl₂. These results suggest that CaCl₂ has beneficial effect on photosynthetic adaptation to low light and suboptimal temperature stress in cucumber seedlings. This might be related to the observed increase in RuBPCase activity, alleviation of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of osmoregulation, with these effects being inhibited by LaCl₃, EGTA and CPZ.     

亚精胺对渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗渗透调节物质含量和脯氨酸代谢酶活性的影响

为了探讨多胺提高小麦抗旱性的机理,以两个抗旱性不同的小麦品种(豫麦48,抗旱性较弱;洛麦22,抗旱性较强)为材料,研究了亚精胺对短期渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片渗透调节物质含量以及脯氨酸代谢的调控效应。结果表明,渗透胁迫下,两个小麦品种幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量增加,且抗旱性较强的洛麦22增加幅度显著大于抗旱性较弱的豫麦48;脯氨酸代谢关键酶Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)和Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸还原酶(P5CR)活性增强,且洛麦22的P5CS活性增强幅度大于P5CR。但渗透胁迫处理对两个品种鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)活性影响不大。外源亚精胺处理则进一步提高了渗透胁迫下脯氨酸、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量以及P5CS和P5CR活性,且对抗旱性较弱的豫麦48效应较明显,但对两个品种的OAT活性基本没什么影响。这些结果表明,外源亚精胺处理能通过提高脯氨酸合成代谢谷氨酸途径的关键酶P5CS和P5CR的活性促进脯氨酸和可溶性糖的积累,从而提高小麦幼苗的保水性,增强其抗旱性,对抗旱性较弱的小麦品种的效果更加明显。     

不同嫁接方式对甜瓜幼苗生理代谢的影响

以厚皮甜瓜M101和M135为试材,研究了插接和双断根嫁接对甜瓜幼苗嫁接成活率和干重、根系活力、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,双断根嫁接嫁接苗成活率高,根系活力强,脯氨酸含量明显比插接和自根苗高,叶片MDA含量降低,可在工厂化生产中推广应用。     

脯氨酸代谢途径在调控水稻phyB突变体干旱胁迫耐性中的作用

本研究分析了水稻野生型和phyB突变体中脯氨酸代谢途径关键基因的表达水平。结果显示,干旱处理能够诱导脯氨酸生物合成相关基因OsP5CS1和OsOAT的表达,抑制脯氨酸生物降解基因OsP5CDH的表达。且phyB突变体中OsP5CS1基因的表达水平明显高于野生型,据此推测phyB负调控OsP5CS1基因的表达。为了分析OsP5CS1基因的高水平表达是否与phyB突变体较强的干旱胁迫耐性有关,本研究进一步培育了转OsP5CS1基因烟草。离体叶片失水速率结果表明,转基因烟草的失水速率小于野生型;盐胁迫条件下,转基因烟草的分化率明显高于野生型。综上所述,phyB对脯氨酸代谢途径的调控是phyB突变体具有较强干旱胁迫耐性的重要因素之一。     

干旱胁迫下3种结缕草的抗旱性分析

通过在塑料大棚内进行盆栽试验,比较兰引3号、新品系ZS-1和ZS-SJZ 3个结缕草品种的抗旱性强弱.分别测定叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶片相对电导率(REC)、脯氨酸含量(Pro)和可溶性总糖含量(TSC)4个生理指标,观测了叶片的萎蔫情况和复水后的恢复情况.结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,3种结缕草的RWC逐步下降,REC、Pro含量和TSC逐渐上升,但不同草种的变化幅度不同.其中兰引3号的RWC下降幅度最小,REC和Pro含量上升幅度最慢,TSC上升幅度最大,且萎蔫时间晚,复水后恢复速度快.而ZS-1和ZS-SJZ的RWC、REC和TSC变化幅度差异不大,但ZS-1的Pro上升幅度较ZS-SJZ小,且萎蔫时间晚.综合评价,3种结缕草的抗旱性强弱顺序为:兰引3号＞ZS-1＞ZS-SJZ.     

青花菜ProDH基因的克隆及功能鉴定

脯氨酸是水分胁迫植物中最常见的渗透保护物质之一,脯氨酸脱氢酶（ProDH）是存在于线粒体内的催化脯氨酸降解的关键酶,构建RNAi表达载体转化青花菜可以抑制脯氨酸分解提高其抵抗干旱胁迫和盐胁迫的能力。本研究利用同源重组和RACE技术克隆青花菜脯氨酸脱氢酶基N（ProDH）,以酶切、连接的方法利用载体pFGC1008构建植物RNAi表达载体pFGC—PDHi。序列分析表明,本文首次克隆了1595bp的青花菜脯氨酸脱氢酶基因cDNA全长,该序列编码498个氨基酸;序列比对发现该核酸序列与拟南芥、甘蓝型油菜、芜菁分别有83．26％、89．07％和97．73％的同源性,其氨基酸序列和拟南芥、甘蓝型油菜、芜菁分别有89．78％、91．38％和98．80％的同源性。测序和酶切鉴定表明青花菜ProDH基因RNA干扰表达载体已经构建成功,并将其转化青花菜得到转化株,经PCR检测,转化株均为阳性株,证明干扰载体的T-DNA区已经成功地整合到了青花菜基因组中。研究还发现在外源的L-脯氨酸存在时,转化株的脯氨酸脱氢酶的活件受到了明显的抑制。本研究为青花菜的抗旱育种提供了非常有价佰的新种质材料。     

施肥对铅镉污染土壤上芥菜铅镉含量及生理的影响

盆栽试验研究了不同化学肥料组合处理对铅镉污染土壤上芥菜(Brassica juncea)Pb、Cd含量及其生理特性的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, 各肥料处理在显著提高芥菜生物量的基础上, 显著降低了芥菜地上部Cd含量(P<0.05), 其中碳酸氢铵+磷酸二氢铵+硫酸钾处理的效果最佳, 芥菜Cd含量仅为对照的41.0%; 施肥处理提高了芥菜地上部Pb含量, 但Pb没有健康风险; 施肥提高了叶菜的叶绿素含量, 但丙二醛、脯氨酸、细胞质膜透性与芥菜地上部Pb、Cd含量无显著相关性。重金属污染土壤施肥处理是一种值得推广的降低叶菜有害重金属含量的有效技术。