大麦籽粒4种主要黄酮类化合物含量基因型与环境互作分析(英文)

[目的]该研究旨在研究其黄酮类化合物的基因型与环境互作分析,以在栽培和育种等方面提高大麦籽粒的黄酮类化合物含量。[方法]该研究通过高效液相色谱技术研究了种植在昆明,曲靖,保山地区大麦籽粒儿茶素,杨梅素,槲皮素,山柰酚的含量,并对这几种黄酮类化合物的基因型,环境及基因型×环境四大大麦黄酮含量的相互作用的变化进行了研究。[结果]结果表明,儿茶素和山奈酚含量的基因型方差、环境方差和G×E互作方差趋势相同,为基因型变异>环境变异>G×E互作变异,均达到极显著水平;槲皮素和总黄酮含量的基因型方差、环境方差和G×E互作方差趋势相同,为基因型变异>G×E互作变异>环境变异,均达到极显著水平;杨梅素含量的基因型方差和环境方差均达到极显著水平,G×E互作方差达显著水平;杨梅素含量的基因型变异>环境变异>G×E互作变异;总黄酮含量的基因型变异>环境变异>G×E互作变异。不同大麦品种,紫光芒大麦和宽颖大麦在曲靖,昆明,保山三个地区都具有较高的槲皮素含量,其他大麦几乎不含槲皮素,研究中发现,紫光芒大麦和宽颖大麦的籽粒颜色为紫色,而其他品种的大麦籽粒颜色均为黄色。[结论]该研究中的四种黄酮类化合物及总黄酮都是主要受遗传控制及遗传环境相互作用。紫色大麦籽粒中具有较高的槲皮素含量。     

松针功能性成分及应用研究进展

介绍了松针中黄酮类化合物、莽草酸、木脂素等化学成分功能特性的研究成果,介绍了不同功能性成分的提取分离方法,并介绍了松针综合应用的研究进展,为进一步研究松针中的功能性成分提供依据。     

不同越冬处理对苹果幼树抽条和黄酮质量分数的影响

以富士和金富苹果为材料,采用建造阳畦、缠薄膜、“小温室”越冬等方法,调查不同越冬方式对2a生苹果幼树越冬抽条的影响,测定越冬期枝条电导率和黄酮质量分数变化.结果表明,苹果幼树越冬期枝条电导率呈先降再升的趋势,最低值在12月下旬,萌芽前最高,萌芽前枝条电导率的高低与幼树抽条呈正相关;枝条黄酮质量分数则表现为先升后降的趋势,最高值在2月下旬,萌芽前最低,越冬期幼树抽条率与枝条韧皮部黄酮质量分数变化幅度呈正相关.“小温室”与树体缠膜幼树越冬抽条率低,其枝条电解质渗出率和黄酮质量分数均显著低于阳畦和对照.不同品种间,富士枝条电导率稍低于金富,但变幅较大,其黄酮变幅高于金富.树体缠薄膜和“小温室”方法是目前甘肃沿黄地区苹果幼树安全越冬最有效的方法.     

聚酰胺分离纯化翅果油树叶黄酮工艺研究

采用聚酰胺树脂分离纯化翅果油树(Elaeagnus mollis Diels)叶黄酮,通过不同条件下两种聚酰胺树脂(100-200目、60-100目)对翅果油树叶黄酮静态和动态吸附与解吸特性的研究,确定最佳精制工艺。结果表明,100-200目聚酰胺树脂对翅果油树叶黄酮的吸附性能较好,饱和吸附量为0.153mg/g,解吸率为85.88%;最佳工艺条件为吸附液pH 4.0～6.0、解吸液体积分数为60%、V(吸附液)∶m(树脂)=6∶1、洗脱剂用量为1.5BV(柱体积);在此条件下,聚酰胺树脂可重复使用4～5次。     

蕨菜黄酮对皖西白鹅雏鹅生长的影响

选择80只健康、体重相近的7日龄皖西白鹅雏鹅平均分成试验组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)与对照组(Ⅳ),在其它条件完全相同的情况下,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别补饲50、100、150mg/(kg.d)的蕨菜黄酮添加剂,并分别测定试验鹅37日龄空腹体重和体尺。结果表明:在体重、体尺方面,各试验组间差异不显著,各试验组与对照组间均差异显著。故蕨菜黄酮作为饲料添加剂可提高皖西白鹅雏鹅的生长性能。     

大叶白麻叶总黄酮提取方法研究

通过不同的方法提取大叶白麻叶的总黄酮,比较不同提取方法的提取率及提取物中总黄酮的含量,从而探讨最佳提取方法。     

茶叶中黄酮类化合物对羟自由基清除实现抗氧化功能研究

茶叶中黄酮类化合物是一种天然抗氧化物质，通过对羟自由基清除作用，实现抗氧化作用。茶叶有较强的的抗氧化作用，是因其黄酮类化合物有清除自由基的功能。     

The perinatal development of the gastrointestinal tract in piglets can be modified by supplementation of sow diet with bioactive substances

Dietary bioactive substances involving taurine, l-carnitine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids and antioxidants were shown to control the perinatal development in mammals. A blend of bioactive substances was used to supplement the diet of sows according to the optimal needs of their offspring. Our study aimed to examine the development of gastrointestinal tract in their offspring as compared to the offspring from control sows fed with standard diet. The supplemented diet was given from the gestation day 80 until the end of lactation period. One piglet from each litter was sacrificed on postnatal days 1 (i.e., unsuckling neonates), 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 for tissue sampling. At birth, the stomach relative weight was larger in the supplemented group, and the small intestine relative weight was smaller as compared to control. These differences disappeared within 1–4 postnatal days. The stomach weight was larger at postnatal day 28 in the supplemented group as compared to control. Gastric protein content and the proteolytic activity in the offspring of the supplemented sows showed after birth a tendency to increase as compared to control, though the differences disappeared after the fourth postnatal day. In conclusion, the supplementation of sow diet with dietary bioactive substances affected primarily the prenatal development of the stomach and small intestine in their offspring.     

Antimicrobial activity of flowers from Anthemis cotula

The flavonoid containing total extract of Anthemis cotula flowers, tested at the concentration of 200 μg/ml, showed interesting antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms.     

Induction of flavonoid production by UV-B radiation in Passiflora quadrangularis callus cultures

Callus cultures from several species of Passiflora were initiated in vitro, and their capacity to produce four glycosyl flavonoids (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin) was analysed. The aim of the present work was to examine the possible role of UV-B irradiation and elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the production of these compounds in callus cultures. All the species tested (P. incarnata, P. quadrangularis, P. edulis) formed friable callus from leaf explants after 4 weeks on medium supplemented with kinetin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Among them, P. quadrangularis turned out to have a faster growth rate and a more friable texture, and was therefore chosen for experiments with elicitors. In callus cultures only small amounts of isoorientin were found, while the concentration of the other flavonoids was below the detection limit. UV-B irradiation of calluses was able to increase the production of all four glycosyl flavonoids. After a 7-day exposure of cultures to UV-B light, the production of isoorientin reached concentrations similar to those found in fresh leaves from glasshouse-grown plants. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate also enhanced orientin, vitexin and isovitexin concentrations, even though the stimulation was about 6-fold weaker for orientin and vitexin and about 40-fold for isovitexin, than that exerted by UV-B treatment. Callus cultures treated with the UV-B dose which most enhanced flavonoid production showed a higher antioxidant activity compared to untreated calluses, with an increase ranging from 28% to 76%. Results show that the secondary metabolite biosynthetic capacity of Passiflora tissue cultures can be enhanced by appropriate forms of elicitation.