首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   406篇
  免费   14篇
  国内免费   16篇
林业   20篇
农学   3篇
基础科学   3篇
  231篇
综合类   104篇
农作物   10篇
水产渔业   6篇
植物保护   59篇
  2023年   10篇
  2022年   2篇
  2021年   10篇
  2020年   13篇
  2019年   9篇
  2018年   20篇
  2017年   17篇
  2016年   15篇
  2015年   10篇
  2014年   8篇
  2013年   33篇
  2012年   59篇
  2011年   20篇
  2010年   22篇
  2009年   12篇
  2008年   17篇
  2007年   20篇
  2006年   19篇
  2005年   26篇
  2004年   19篇
  2003年   12篇
  2002年   5篇
  2001年   7篇
  2000年   17篇
  1999年   8篇
  1998年   9篇
  1997年   4篇
  1996年   3篇
  1995年   4篇
  1994年   1篇
  1992年   1篇
  1989年   1篇
  1988年   1篇
  1986年   1篇
  1985年   1篇
排序方式: 共有436条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
pH 对土壤及其组分吸附和解吸镉的影响研究进展   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9  
综述pH对土壤和土壤组分吸附和解吸镉的影响研究进展。大量吸附实验研究结果表明,土壤及其组分对镉的吸附随pH增大而增加,pH通过影响Cd2 水解、Cd2 与H 交换作用、吸附表面类型和吸附表面电荷等影响镉的吸附,pH与镉的吸附量间存在密切关系。pH对土壤和土壤组分对镉解吸的影响因提取剂类型不同而呈现不同的趋势,单一无机盐或无机酸提取剂下镉的解吸随pH增大而降低,无机盐加有机酸提取剂下镉的解吸量变化趋势又因pH值和有机酸浓度以及有机酸与镉的络合能力不同而不同。  相似文献   
12.
三氯乙烯在天然土壤中的吸附行为及其影响因素   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
研究了三氯乙烯在天然土壤中的吸附行为,探讨了影响这一行为的环境因素。结果表明,三氯乙烯在天然土壤中的吸附过程可以划分为快速吸附、减速吸附、缓慢吸附和平衡吸附4个阶段。通过对三氯乙烯的土壤吸附等温线的研究,发现其吸附行为与线性模型相吻合,符合分配机理。从环境因素的影响而论,模拟结果显示,土壤pH值和含水量对吸附的影响不显著,当土壤有机质含量较低时,可以通过减少其吸附量达到降低三氯乙烯在土壤环境中的积累。  相似文献   
13.
水稻土磷环境敏感临界值的研究   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
采用室内测试方法研究了3组质地(粘土、重壤土和轻壤土)水稻土水溶性磷(0.01mol·L-1CaCl2-P)与土壤测试磷(Olsen-P和Bray1-P)及土壤磷饱和度的关系。结果表明,水稻土因淹水耕作,其磷释放潜力明显高于旱地土壤,水溶性磷随土壤测试磷的增加而增加。土壤测试磷及磷的饱和度与土壤水溶性磷的关系存在转折点,当土壤磷超过转折点时,土壤水溶性磷和磷的释放潜力明显增加。在好气条件下,供试水稻土磷环境敏感临界值(转折点)在Olsen-P50~75mg·kg-1、Bray1-P90~140mg·kg-1和磷饱和度21%~23%之间;在厌气条件下,供试水稻土磷环境敏感临界值(转折点)在Olsen-P35~45mg·kg-1、Bray1-P75~115mg·kg-1和磷饱和度16%~18%之间,超过临界值土壤磷素可对环境产生非常明显的负影响,不应再施用磷肥和粪肥。  相似文献   
14.
土壤磷素Langmuir等温吸附特性与磷肥效果的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
应用Langmuir等温式解释土壤磷吸收附等温线,具有良好的适合性。在24个供试土壤中,有21个土壤的相关系数达到极显著水准,3个达显著水准。通过Langmuir等温式可获得土壤吸磷参数——最大吸磷量(Xm)和吸附平衡常数(K)。Xm值可以衡量土壤磷库的大小,K值反映了土壤吸磷反应自由能下降的程度。Xm和K与磷肥利用率呈极显著负相关,其相关系数分别为-0.7146、~0.6233。不同性质的土壤,适宜作物生长的土壤平衡溶液磷浓度差异不大。当土壤平衡溶液磷浓度为0.1ppm P时,水稻产量可达最高产量的95%以上。因此,可根据Langmuir方程计算出满足水稻正常生长所需要的磷肥施用量。  相似文献   
15.
为了查明Olsen法(碳酸氢钠提取态磷)是否适用于酸性土壤有效磷的测定,土壤P吸附参数及它们之间的关系,利用同质地不同磷含量酸性土壤提供了这方面的信息。结果表明,Olsen法适用于酸性土壤植物有效磷的测定,Olsen P与植物磷吸收量表现出极显著相关。磷最大吸附量(Qm)与磷吸附强度(K)显著负相关。土壤缓冲容量随取样次数增加逐步减少,第3次取样时,土壤缓冲容量高磷处理(P3)中磷处理(P2)低磷处理(P1)无磷处理(P0),说明随着生长时间增加,作物从土壤带走磷量增加,含磷量低的土壤磷缓冲容量随之降低。Olsen P与Qm,K均无显著相关,但土壤磷吸附饱和度、Olsen P均证实,实验用土壤目前不会因增加施磷量而引发环境问题。磷吸附参数与Olsen P从环境和农业生产需求两方面说明了土壤磷素丰缺状况。  相似文献   
16.
湖泊沉积物对N和P的吸附特性及影响因素研究   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9  
以太湖沉积物为悬浮颗粒物(SPM)材料,进行了SPM对磷酸盐(PO4-P)、氨氮(NH4-N)、硝酸盐氮(NO3-N)的吸附特性及其影响因素的试验研究。结果显示,SPM对PO4-P和NH4-N的吸附分别在5h和2h达到稳态,之后基本处于一种动态平衡。SPM对NO3-N的吸附量很小甚至出现负吸附。pH对SPM吸磷作用影响显著,随着pH值的上升,吸附量下降。盐度、[NO3^-]和[NHg]对PO4-P的吸附有抑制作用,而[Ca^2 ]对PO4-P的吸附影响分为2部分,在低浓度下抑制,在高浓度下有促进;[Ca^2 ]和盐度对NH4-N的吸附都有抑制作用。  相似文献   
17.
在石油污染土壤生物强化修复技术研究这一实际工程项目前期研究工作的基础上,建立了木质素吸附菲的试验方法,通过木质素对有机污染物吸附作用的多次试验具,考察了各种操作条件对于木质素对菲的吸附特性的影响,得出了木质素可以富集污染物的结论,对石油污染土壤生物强化修复技术研究这一工程项目具有重要的基础意义。  相似文献   
18.
有机酸对针铁矿和三羟铝石吸附镉离子的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用平衡吸附法研究了不同浓度的草酸、柠檬酸对针铁矿、三羟铝石竞争吸附与次级吸附Cd^2 的影响。结果表明:草酸、柠檬酸对供试矿物Cd^2 竞争吸附量的影响均表现为峰形曲线,草酸、柠檬酸浓度分别低于1mmol/L和0.1-0.4mmol/L峰值浓度时对Cd^2 的吸附有促进作用,高于其峰值浓度时对Cd^2 的吸附有抑制作用,这种现象的产生与有机酸在固、两相间的分配有关。草酸、柠檬酸对针铁矿、三羟铝石次级吸附Cd^2 的影响效果与竞争吸附明显不一样;低于峰值浓度(0.3-1mmol/L)的有机酸能显著提高Cd^2 的次级吸附量,有机酸浓度大于峰值浓度时,Cd^2 次级吸附量则趋于恒定或略有降低,这主要与矿物吸附有机酸后,其表面净吸附点位的数量有关。  相似文献   
19.
为了综合水分活度及玻璃化转变理论构建状态图,获得灰枣粉的较佳贮藏条件,该文采用静态称量法和差示扫描量热法测定灰枣粉的吸附特性及玻璃化转变温度。结果表明,膨化干燥灰枣粉水分吸附的平衡干基含水率随水分活度的增加而增加,水分吸附等温线呈J型,描述灰枣粉水分吸附特性的适宜模型为GAB模型(R2=0.9968);灰枣粉的玻璃化转变温度随含水率升高而降低,湿基含水率由0.064 g/g增加到0.175 g/g时,玻璃化转变温度由29.90℃降低到?35.02℃;灰枣粉干基含水率≤0.1223 g/g、贮藏温度≤?0.062°C时其稳定性较好,研究结果为灰枣粉加工、运输等过程中的贮藏条件提供理论参考。  相似文献   
20.
Background  River and lake sediments constitute complex and difficult analytical samples. On the other hand, sediments play a fundamental role in the distribution of toxic compounds in aquatic systems and in the evaluation of the current state and the course of changes taking place in the environment. Among elements present in the environment in trace concentrations, but having well-elaborated toxic properties, one of most dangerous is arsenic. The element occurs in the environment in several chemical forms, predominant are inorganic forms of As(V) and As(III), and methylated forms such as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). Objectives  Reported herein are experiments, which were undertaken with the aim of examining the dynamics of arsenic sorption in sediments and its dependence on speciation of the element and the pH in the environment. Simultaneously, influence of organic matter content and chemical composition of the sediments on As sorption, were investigated. Methods  Sediment samples (upper 10 cm layer) were collected from three sites located in the vicinity of Cracow:
•  Rudawa river — 37 km long river, flowing mainly through the suburban area;
•  Vistula river — heavily contaminated, main Polish river;
•  Dobczyce reservoir — artificial reservoir on Raba river, total capacity of 125,000,000 m3, supplying about 60% of drinking water to the city of Cracow.
Using XRD and IR methods, mineral composition of sediments was analysed. Concentrations of iron, manganese, aluminium and arsenic as well as organic matter content in solid samples were analysed. Sorption experiment  100 g of dry sediment sample was placed in a 400 ml volume glass beaker. 300 ml of arsenic containing solution was poured into the beaker. Every 30 min (total experiment time span equalled 7 to 7.5 hours), 0.5 ml of the suspension’ (the beaker content was constantly mixed) was collected and centrifuged, and the concentration of arsenic was determined in the supernatant. In the series of experiments, solution contained about 0.05 μg/ml of arsenic in organic (DMAA) and inorganic forms, at different pH values — 3, 5, 7 and 9. Results and Discussion  Examined sediments of Vistula river and Dobczyce Lake were characterised by relatively high concentrations of arsenic, iron, manganese and aluminium.Rudawa river. At pH 3, the concentration of inorganic As in solution decreased from an initial value of 0.049 μg/ml to 0.012 μg/ml in 7.5 hours time. The same decreasing tendency was found at pH 5 (initial value 0.046 μg/ml, after 7.5 hours - 0.015 μg/ml). Less distinct sorption effects were noted at pH 7 and 9. Vistula river. At all pH values, a very significant decrease of inorganic As concentration up to 80% of the initial value, as well as a short time of achieving an equilibrium state (1 – 2.5 hours), was found. Dobczyce lake. Inorganic As was distinctly accumulated in sediments at pH 3 (decrease of As concentration in solution from 0.052 to 0.007 μg/ml after 7.5 hours of the experiment) and at pH 5. At pH 7, about 40% of As was accumulated in sediments (solution As concentration decrease from 0.050 to 0.030). Only 20% of As adsorbed on sediments at pH 9.Very weak accumulation of organic form of As (DMAA) was found in all examined sediments at pH 3 and 5. At higher pH values no sorption was registered. Conclusions  The following facts were established:
•  inorganic form of arsenic was effectively accumulated in all analysed sediments;
•  inorganic As sorption in sediments strongly depended on pH — for sediments of Rudawa river and Dobczyce lake, the highest sorption was found at pH 3, and a decrease of accumulated As was noted with an increase of pH (at pH 9, the lowest amount of As was immobilised in sediments); in the case of Vistula river sediments, a reverse tendency was found;
•  organic form of arsenic (DMAA) was accumulated only at pH 3 in all sediments and less significantly at pH 5 (Vistula river sediments); no sorption of that form of As was found in the other sediment samples;
•  state of equilibrium (no change in inorganic As concentration in liquid medium) was achieved in 1 hour for Vistula river sediments, after about 2 hours for Rudawa river and after about 4 hours for Dobczyce lake sediments.
Recommendations  The presented method of analysis of As sorption in sediments and results visualization (based on a newly defined coefficient) provides a useful tool for the characterization of sorptive properties of sediments and may be used for other compounds as well. Crucial, functional information — how much of a given element may be accumulated in sediments at a certain pH — is obtained without digestion of the sediment sample, in an experiment taking less than one day.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号