一种汽车车内一氧化碳监控系统

汽车车内由于CO导致的意外安全事故常常被忽略。汽车发动机和空调在运行过程中产生的CO进入车内,极易被忽视而诱发中毒的事故。利用单片机传感器技术设计一种汽车车内CO浓度监控系统,当车内CO浓度达到200 ppm时系统发出第一次报警,当车内CO浓度达到300 ppm,系统发出第二次报警提示,并开启天窗通风,保证车内人员安全。     

温度传感器在大功率采煤机摇臂故障诊断技术中的应用

为了减少大功率采煤机的故障率,在典型部件摇臂上安装了温度传感器,及时准确的获取摇臂温度信息,首先通过故障预警使采煤机故障达到防患于未然,然后通过故障信号简便的判断故障产生原因,大大的减少故障率和故障排查与维修时间。此方法结构简单,使用方便,对以后的推广奠定了一定的基础。     

Measuring biogeochemical heterogeneity at the micro scale in soils and sediments

Steep physiochemical gradients and diffusive limitation associated with microscale features such as cracks and pores make soil and sediments remarkably heterogeneous environments, which is reflected on many environmentally important processes. If we are to understand and attempt to control the ecology of the microorganisms which inhabit these environments we must not only characterize their inhabitants, but also the complex biogeochemical landscape they live in. This includes local concentrations of electron acceptors and donors, microbial metabolites and key physical and chemical parameters such as pH and soil structure.To this end, an array of techniques for collecting data at the microscale has been developed, deployed and refined, ranging from microsensor probes to planar sensors. This review provides a general reference for and a critical comparison of microscale techniques available to the fields of soil and sediment microbial ecology. Techniques are evaluated based on their ability to provide spatially resolved data at the microscale, with focus on performance characteristics, potential for repeated measurements, degree of physical disruption they create, and accessibility.Microscale studies have given us many insights, but we outline further progress needed to make the microscale toolkit more accessible and to extend the range of analytes that can be measured simultaneously, so that we may expand our knowledge of the complex environmental microscale heterogeneity and its impact on soil and sediment ecology and functioning.     

On-farm evaluation of an active optical sensor performance for variable nitrogen application in winter wheat

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) represents almost 50% of total cereal production in the European Union, accounting for approximately 25% of total mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to all crops. Currently, several active optical sensor (AOS) based systems for optimizing variable N fertilization are commercially available for a variety of crops, including wheat. To ensure successful adoption of these systems, definitive measurable benefits must be demonstrated. Nitrogen management strategies developed based on small-scale plot research are not always meaningful for large-scale farm conditions. In 2010–2012 (5 site-years) on-farm study was implemented in northern Poland utilizing a strip-trial design. The objective was to evaluate the performance of AOS in combination with a built-in algorithm for variable N rate fertilization. In this study, the reference uniform N rates (farmer’s practice) were comparable to optimum variable N rate recommendations. Side-by-side comparisons of uniform and variable N application revealed inconsistent benefits in terms of grain yield, grain protein content (GPC), N use and N use efficiency (NUE). Anticipated yield increases and/or reduced N rates are typical drivers for AOS adoption. Significant yield increases are not easily attained on farms with winter wheat yields already close to maximum yield potential. Thus, sensor-based variable N rate recommendations for fields previously fertilized with relatively low uniform N rates would often entail more appropriate allocation (redistribution) of the same amount of total N. This would minimize N surplus in areas of lower productivity and to improve the sustainability of N management overall.     

基于WSN的油菜生长环境数据采集系统

针对传统作物生长环境数据获取手段实时性差、劳动强度大以及部署微型自动气象站和商用Zigbee产品成本高、开放性较差等问题，设计并实现了一种基于WSN的油菜生长环境数据采集系统。提出了轻量级的能量感知路由协议CLFP，并给出了软硬件的相关设计方法。仿真和大田试验结果表明，系统温度采集精度最高可达0.01 ℃，测湿精度达±5%，光强采集范围为1~65 535 lx，可并发的数据传输达到36路，可满足农业现场环境数据的较高测量要求。在标称电源供电情况下，系统实际有效生存周期超过142 d，由于采用AT89C51和nRF2401作为基础硬件平台，成本低廉，有助于大规模部署和应用。     

Flash flood simulation and valve behavior of Mytilus galloprovincialis measured with Hall sensors

Mussels close their shell as a protective strategy and the quantification of this behavioral marker may represent an alarm signal when they are exposed to environmental stressors. In the present study, we investigated the ability of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to recover and then the resilience or inertia of valve activity after a pulsing exposition to diverse levels of salinity (5, 10, 20, and 35 PSU as reference value). The trial simulated an event of drastic and sudden reduction of seawater salinity thus mimicking an event of flash flood from intense rain. Valve gaping and movements were measured in continuous cycle for 10 days using a customized magneto-electric device which uses Hall sensors. Results showed that under normal conditions of salinity (35 PSU), the general pattern of valve movements was a continuously open state with sporadic spikes indicating a closing motion. At salinity of 5, PSU mussels reacted by closing their valves, leading to a 77% mortality on the 4th day. At salinity of 10, PSU animals were observed with closed valves for the entire duration of the exposure and no mortality occurred, they showed a significant reduction in the valve activity once the reference value of salinity was re-established. In contrast, salinity of 20 PSU did not trigger a significant behavioral response. Interestingly, there no define rhythms of valve movements were recorded during salinity challenges.     

基于无线传感器网络的水质监测系统研究

针对国内外水质环境研究中水质样品异地监测分析存在的巨大缺陷,研究了水质自动监测系统。文章介绍了基于无线通讯传感器网络的简易水质自动监测系统,实现水质数据自动采集和实时上传,可以实现对钱塘江源头水质（衢州水质）进行更好的监测及保护。     

震动气吸针式精量播种机的性能与应用

为适应园艺农业的发展，在借鉴国外同类播种设备的基础上，开发出一种国产全智能精量播种机。本文介绍了该机的工作过程、主要性能指标及需改进的方向。     

An Overview on Fiberoptic Sensing Technology in Smart Civil Structure

The paper discuss the concept of fiberoptic smart civil structure,and analysis the principle of non destructive evaluation of civil structure with the help of embeded fiberoptic sensor in sensing the inner state and integrity of the structure.The typical experiment and development of fiberoptic sensing system in the health monitoring of dam,highway,bridge and buildings are overriewed.     

Monitoring and Assessment of Tie on the Caiyuanba Yangtze Bridge

The monitoring and assessment scheme of the Caiyuanba Yangtze Bridge is present by sensitivity analysis. The mechanics character of the six ties is studied by numerical simulation, and then the sensor location and selection are discussed considering the technique of sensor and construction situation. The trend of the displacement at the sensor location is analyzed according to different damage level of ties, the pattern associating with several displacements which are sensitive to damage at ties is bring forward to improve assessment reliability. The result can assist implement of structural health monitoring system to the same type as this bridge.