基于数字摄影测量的森林蓄积量估算

利用收集到的东北林业大学哈尔滨市城市林业基地的16张航片和相应的外方位元素,建立了一个测区,通过模型的内定向、相对定向和绝对定向构建了测区的立体像对模型,选择了有代表性的8个小班.在立体像对模型的基础之上,利用专业的数字摄影测量平台估测了8个小班的蓄积量.同时用样地法实地测量了8个小班的蓄积量,并将实地估算结果与数字摄影测量估算结果进行了对比分析.分析发现:两组数据的差异不显著,基于数字摄影测量的蓄积量估算平均精度为85.3%,最高精度为98.7%.研究结论说明,使用数字摄影测量方法估测其蓄积量,其精度比较高,该方法可以在一定条件下接近或满足森林资源调查的精度要求.     

基于全数字摄影测量的林分立木高度量测

树高是森林资源调查中的主要测树因子之一,快速准确地量测树高具有现实意义和应用价值。该文收集了东北林业大学哈尔滨市试验林场的16张航片和相应的外方位元素,建立了一个测区,通过模型的内定向、相对定向和绝对定向构建测区的立体像对模型;在立体像对模型的基础上,利用专业的数字摄影测量平台,量测研究区域内的32棵样木的高度;同时使用超声波测高器在准同步状态下实地测量32棵样木的实际高度,并将实地测量结果与数字摄影测量结果进行对比分析。结果表明,两组数据的差异不显著,基于数字摄影测量的立木高度量测的实际精度为90.92％,使用数字摄影测量量测立木高度的方法精度较高。      

An aerial photograph auto-interpretation system for forest resource inventory

Aerial photographs arc important information sources for forest inventory. With the development of science and technology, an automated approach to aerial photograph interpretation has been sought. This paper introduces an experimental computer system for the auto-interpretation of aerial photographs. On thebasis of the experimental system, several algorithms are developed for the interpretation of density, crown closure, working groups and species composition of forest stands. Experiments show that auto—interpretation works well for some forest inventory data.     

Comparing biophysical forest characteristics estimated from photogrammetric matching of aerial images and airborne laser scanning data

Recent development in aerial digital cameras and software facilitate the photogrammetric point cloud as a new data source in forest management planning. A total of 151 field training plots were distributed systematically within three predefined strata in a 852.6 ha study area located in the boreal forest in southeastern Norway. Stratum-specific regression models were fitted for six studied biophysical forest characteristics. The explanatory variables were various canopy height and canopy density metrics derived by means of photogrammetric matching of aerial images and small-footprint laser scanning. The ground sampling distance was 17 cm for the images and the airborne laser scanning (ALS) pulse density was 7.4 points m^–2. Resampled images were assessed to mimic acquisitions at higher flying altitudes. The digital terrain model derived from the ALS data was used to represent the ground surface. The results were evaluated using 63 independent test stands. When estimating height in young forest and mature forest on poor sites, the root mean square error (RMSE) values were slightly better using data from image matching compared to ALS. However, for all other combinations of biophysical forest characteristics and strata, better results were obtained using ALS data. In general, the best results were found using the highest image resolution.     

Multiple‐use characteristics of Norwegian clearcuts: Using aerial photographs to digitize in three dimensions

Using aerial photographs and a PC (personal computer) based photogrammetric instrument, the author measured landscape features to characterize clearcuts in a “multiple‐use” forest of the outskirts of Oslo, Norway. One hundred and forty‐six clearcuts were examined for area and non‐timber features (such as buffer dimensions and residual vegetation). The results of three dimensional digitized data—captured directly off the stereophotos—created the profiles of clearcuts on private and public land. In addition, the application of PC‐based photogrammetry to natural resource management is discussed.     

基于近景摄影测量的径流冲刷条件下冻融坡面侵蚀产沙过程

为研究冻融坡面径流冲刷条件下侵蚀产沙过程,采用2个坡度(10°,15°)、3个流量(3,6,9 L/min)、2个起始解冻深度(6,12 cm)组合进行野外冲刷试验,结合近景摄影测量技术分析不同解冻深度、不同坡度和不同流量条件下的产沙量,运用线性回归方程对近景摄影测量值和实测值进行拟合。结果表明:起始解冻深度和坡度相同条件下,冻融坡面的土壤侵蚀产沙量随着径流量和坡度的增大而增大;随着时间推移,产沙量越来越小。在流量和坡度相同时,随着初始解冻深度的增大,坡面产沙量也逐渐增大;在流量和解冻深度相同时,随着坡度的增大,坡面产沙量也逐渐增大。当流量、解冻深度和坡度最大时,坡面侵蚀产沙量达到最大。坡面产沙量实测值与近景摄影测量对比分析得到误差平均精度为90.67%,近景摄影测量技术可以在冻融条件下土壤侵蚀监测中应用。     

低空无人机航空摄影测量技术在土地整治项目规划设计阶段的运用

低空无人机航空摄影测量技术是现代新型应用测绘技术,该技术的运用将有助于提高土地整治项目规划设计工作的开展.该研究主要阐述了低空无人机航空摄影测量系统的组成及特点,介绍了低空无人机航空摄影测量作业流程及测绘成果在土地整治项目规划设计阶段的运用,比较了相对于传统野外实测地形图,低空无人机航空摄影测量技术运用的优势.     

小型无人机低空摄影测量在土地确权应用中的探究——以陕西试点区域为例

低空摄影测量具有成本低、效率高、时效性强、周期短、灵活性强的优点,能够高效率地获取高分辨率的影像,从而对地表进行快速、实时地调查和监测。以陕西三试点区域为例,应用小型无人机获取高分辨率影像,将此影像利用INPHO全数字摄影测量工作站中的Match AT光束法平差软件进行空三加密与计算,并利用航天远景Map Matrix立测软件进行基本定向点及检查点的精度检查,最终生成高精度的数字正摄影像底图。为了验证此无人机低空摄影测量的时间效率和结果精度,首先将此数字正摄影像底图的精度与传统航测法土地确权的精度指标进行比较与分析,得出此小型无人机低空摄影在土地经营权确权中具有很强的可行性与实用性,然后选用特定数量的影像数量重复执行此工艺过程并对过程进行时间统计,从而在总体工作量很大并保持稳定的情况下,验证了此无人机低空摄影在时间效率上的高效性,最后选用空三完成后影像上明显加密点坐标与实际量测坐标进行比较,得出结果精度满足较大比例尺的测绘成图。     

Quantifying spatial distribution of interrill and rill erosion in a loess at different slopes using structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry

The spatial distribution of interrill and rill erosion is essential for unravelling soil erosion principles and the application of soil and water conservation practices. To quantify interrill and rill erosion and their spatial development, four 30-min rainfalls at 90 mm h^?1 intensity were consecutively simulated on runoff plots packed with a loess at six slopes of 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 35°. The soil surface was measured using the structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry upon each simulation run, and the runoff and sediment samples were collected and measured at every 10 min. Rills did not develop until the third simulation run. During the initial two runs, the lower third section was more severely eroded than the upper and middle thirds along the slope direction, yet the interrill erosion was statistically uniform from left to right. Rills tended to emerge by both sidewalls and in the lower portion in the third run. The corresponding rill erosion increased with slope from 10° to 20° and then decreased for the slopes steeper, which was consistent with the slope trend of the sediment yield directly measured. The rills expanded substantially primarily via head retreat and to a lesser extent via sideward erosion after receiving another 30-min rainfall. Rill erosion contributed 69.3% of the total erosion loss, and shifted the critical slope corresponding to the maximum loss from 20° to 25°. These findings demonstrate the significance of rill erosion not only in total soil loss but also in its relation to slope, as well as the effectiveness of SfM photogrammetry in quantifying interrill and rill erosion.