昆虫生长调节剂对东亚飞蝗表皮和脑神经分泌细胞的影响(Ⅱ)

通过光学显微镜及电子显微镜观察，综合分析了昆虫生长调节剂卡死克对东亚飞蝗表皮与脑的显微及亚显微形态结构的影响。结果表明，处理后的若虫表皮由于真皮细胞结构被破坏导致内表皮变薄、板层结构消失，而且真皮细胞层与内表皮层分离，细胞质内小泡变大而分布不均，核染色质凝结成为小颗粒且分布不匀。脑神经分泌细胞受药物影响数量明显减少，结构松散，胞间空泡变大，引起轴突变形。经透射电子显微镜检查发现，脑神经分泌细胞的轴突与胞体分离并膨大变形。线粒体结构发生改变，膜与内嵴消失。另外，轴浆运输中的神经分泌颗粒明显减少。     

鲁中南山地刺槐萌生更新林经济效果评价

采用企业动态经济评价方法对刺槐萌生林不同轮伐期的经济效果进行了评价；按ＮＰＶ最大、ＩＲＲ最大确定了林分经济成熟龄；通过敏感性分析确定了经济成熟龄区间。     

刺槐平茬后的经营管理技术研究

刺槐林木生长到中龄林以上阶段,出现老化衰退现象,经人工平茬后达到萌蘖复壮更新的目的,其经营管理技术极为重要。通过清除伐根、严格管护、林间挖沟、补植等系列经营管理技术,才能达到复壮更新的目的。     

窄冠刺槐无性系的选育

对选自河南省淮阳县的窄冠刺槐优良无性系的选育过程及其生物生态学特性、无性系繁殖与育苗方法以及无性系林分在不同立地条件下的生长表现进行了研究.多点测定结果表明:窄冠刺槐生长快,在不同栽培条件下4～8年生时,树高年平均生长量达1.5～I.8 m,胸径2.1～2.5 cm;干形好,树干通直,形率达0.7～0.8;树冠窄,紧凑而圆满,分枝角度＜35°;托叶刺少或无.窄冠刺槐无性系是营建速生丰产用材林、生态防护林、农林复合系统以及园林绿化的优良无性系.     

Quality and decomposition of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) mulch for temperate alley cropping systems

Black locust and alfalfa mulch quality were characterized over a 9-week period of decomposition. Both mulch materials were harvested with a forage harvester. The black locust material was harvested from trees annually coppiced for four years, the alfalfa from a preflorescent second cutting. Two identical, adjacent experiments were conducted, one on each mulch source. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications for this single factor experiment. Fifty grams fresh weight of both mulch types were placed in litter bags, made of 98% shade cloth, a woven plastic with holes approximately 1×0.5 mm. The treatments included two placements of the mulch material, surface and buried. Sampling took place on weeks 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9.The incorporation of mulch materials appears to accelerate dry weight loss. From an initial dry weight of 44.25 g, the buried black locust mulch averaged 4.58 g, while the surface mulch averaged 7.41 g by week 6. The alfalfa mulch initially weighed 40.99g, with buried mulch averaging 1.75 g and surface mulch averaging 4.08 g by week 9.Carbon concentration of alfalfa mulch increased with time in both mulch placements from 43.6% to 57.6% and 51.8% in surface and buried mulch, respectively. Black locust, with an initial carbon concentration of 46.9% increased to 55.9% for the buried mulch and to 53.89% in surface mulch. Nitrogen concentrations increased as well in buried mulch. Lignin concentrations increased dramatically over time for both species of mulch. Black locust lignin concentrations rose from 13.11% to 51.0% (buried) and 32.9% (surface); alfalfa mulch lignin concentrations rose from 6.67% to 31.4% (buried) and 47.7% (surface).     

Management Effects on Biomass and Foliar Nutritive Value of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gleditsia triacanthos</Emphasis> f. <Emphasis Type="Italic">inermis</Emphasis> in Arkansas,USA

The browse potential of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and thornless honey locust [Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis (L.) Zabel] has not been adequately tested. Our objective was to determine effects of fertilization and pollarding on biomass and foliar nutritive value in separate studies of black locust and thornless honey locust in Arkansas, USA. Shoots were sampled monthly for two consecutive growing seasons in 2002 and 2003 to determine foliar, shoot, and total aboveground biomass, shoot basal diameter, and foliar nutritive value (crude protein and in vitro digestibility). Black locust yielded more foliar biomass when pollarded at 50 or 100 cm and fertilized with 600 kg P ha⁻¹, than at 5 cm with or without P, averaging 3.5 Mg dry matter ha⁻¹. Black locust foliar crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility ( ≤ 170 and 534 g kg⁻¹, respectively) decreased as leaves aged, but still met maintenance needs for beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). Thornless honey locust had little agronomic potential because of slow establishment, low foliar yield (330 kg ha⁻¹), and a 2% reversion to undesirable thorny phenotype. Black locust should be considered for livestock browse when drought induces semi-dormancy of herbaceous forages.     

Propagation methods for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) improvement in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. Black locust plants are commonly produced by two methods, by seed and by root cuttings. Tissue culture propagation can be considered as a relatively new method. Growing trees from seed is a relatively simple method for reliably producing seedlings on a large scale under a variety of circumstances. Mechanization of the method is easy and the production cost is relatively low. Propagation from root cuttings and tissue culture are valuable for reproduction of superior individuals or varieties. By applying these methods, superior traits of the selected trees can be preserved in the clones. Recent experiments demonstrated that micropropagated trees could be successfully transplanted into soil, hardened and grown in the field. Biography: Karoly Redei (1952), male, doctor, deputy director general of Hungarian Forest Research Institute H-1023 Budapest, Frankel Leó Str. 42 44, HUNGARY. Responsible editor: Chal Ruihai     

匈牙利刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)改良的繁殖方法(英文)

在匈牙利,匈牙利刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)是重要的成林树种之一,且该树种的重要性在世界其它国家也日益增加。该树种的生产通常有两种方法:种子和根插条。组织培养对该种来说是一种相对较新的方法。对于在各种环境条件下大规模地生产苗木来说,种子栽培是相对简单的方法,机械化方法比较容易且生产成本相对较低。根插条和组织培养对于优势个体或品种繁殖是有价值的。利用这些方法,所选出的树木的优势品质可以在无性系得以保存。近期实验表明,微繁殖树木可以成功地移植到土壤中,在野外生长。     

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacada L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.     

转Bt基因水稻对东亚飞蝗抗寒性的影响

为了探究转Bt基因水稻对东亚飞蝗抗寒性的影响,在室内条件下以转Bt基因水稻和非转基因水稻分别喂养东亚飞蝗3代,用过冷却点仪测定东亚飞蝗的过冷却点和冰点。结果表明,转Bt基因水稻饲养的东亚飞蝗的4龄、5龄幼虫、成虫（雌和雄）的过冷却点分别为-5.89、-7.59、-6.64和-6.79,与对照组无显著差异。