转MsLEA4-4基因拟南芥株系的耐盐性分析

为了深入研究紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）MsLEA4-4基因的抗逆性，本试验对前期获得的转MsLEA4-4基因的拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）株系进行不同浓度盐胁迫处理，以验证MsLEA4-4基因在拟南芥植株体内的耐盐性。试验结果表明：盐胁迫后转基因株系的发芽率达到55%，比对照植株（Control plant，CK）高81%；转基因株系的鲜重、叶绿素含量均高于CK（P<0.05）；盐胁迫后转基因株系的存活率比CK提高75.0%~81.3%；盐胁迫明显抑制根系生长，但转基因植株的侧根数量比CK多4~5根（P<0.05）；盐胁迫后转基因株系体内的可溶性糖含量（P<0.05）和超氧化物歧化酶（P<0.01），过氧化氢酶（P<0.01），过氧化物酶（P<0.05）活性均高于CK，脯氨酸（P<0.01）和丙二醛（P<0.05）含量均低于CK。综上可得，MsLEA4-4基因参与了拟南芥体内的耐盐性调控，提高了转基因拟南芥对盐胁迫的耐受性。本研究为进一步探索MsLEA4-4在转基因紫花苜蓿盐胁迫中的功能及培育耐盐性紫花苜蓿品种提供依据。     

雅鲁藏布江尖裸鲤胚胎和仔稚鱼发育研究

尖裸鲤（Oxygymnocypris stewartii）成熟卵呈圆形,黄色,沉性,卵径（2.57±0.07）mm,受精卵吸水充分膨胀后卵径为（3.22±0.07）mm。水温9.5～11.8℃,尖裸鲤胚胎发育历时265h,根据胚胎发育的外部形态及典型特征,将其分为受精卵、胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚、器官分化和孵...     

花楸树体细胞胚与合子胚的发生发育

利用花楸树人工控制授粉后的未成熟合子胚进行体细胞胚的诱导培养,通过石蜡切片、扫描电镜和透射电镜对合子胚和体细胞胚的发生发育过程进行组织、细胞观察。结果表明:1)体细胞胚发生进程与合子胚相似,均经历了球形期、心形期、鱼雷形期,最终发育成成熟胚;2)直接发生和间接发生在愈伤组织表面的体细胞胚均为单细胞起源,间接发生在愈伤组织内部的体细胞胚存在单细胞起源,同时还存在可能的多细胞起源;3)子叶和愈伤组织表面发生的体细胞胚在发育早期均具明显的胚柄,鱼雷形胚期胚柄退化;4)愈伤组织内部发生的体细胞胚没有胚柄;5)与合子不同,胚性细胞的第1次分裂为均等分裂;6)多细胞原胚周围降解的细胞具有细胞程序性死亡的形态特征。     

Effect of mannitol pretreatment to improve green plant regeneration on isolated microspore culture in Triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. 'Jennah Khetifa'

The use of doubled haploids improves the efficiency of cultivar development in many crops and can be helpful in genetic and molecular studies. The major problem with this approach is the low efficiency of green plant regeneration. We describe here an efficient method for inducing embryos and regenerating green plants directly from isolated microspores of durum wheat cv. ‘Jennah Khetifa’. Tillers from donor plants were pretreated in 0.3 m mannitol and were stored at 4°C at various times: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 days. Our results showed clearly that the novel pretreatment combined mannitol 0.3 m and cold for 7 days had a strong effect on the number of embryos produced and regenerated green plants. Under this condition 13 475 mature embryos were produced from 2 693 500 microspores. Moreover, 85 green plants were obtained. High green plants regeneration frequency was recorded. As an average 11.55 green plants were produced per 100 000 microspores (about the equivalent of six plants per spike). Therefore, this study showed clearly that our results are the best ones published until now in durum wheat.     

A Simple Method of Inducing Somatic Embryogenesis in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.

A single-step method for the induction and development of somatic embryoids from hypocotyls explains of Brassica juncea is reported. On modified MS medium containing 2 % sucrose, 0.25 mgl ¹ 2,4-D, 0.5 mgl ¹ each of NAA and BaP-R, each explant calluses at both of and at its best, 31% of explants produce embryoids. In the variety RLM-198, the number of embryoids ranges from 8–21 per culture. Each embryoid, upon proliferation, developed up to the 25 shoots. The method is rapid; the time La ken from inoculation to the development of intact plantlets is 8–10 weeks. Regenerated plants have flowered normally and have set seed. The system can profitably be used for in vitro mutant selection and early bulking in mustard.     

裸子植物体细胞胚胎发生和人工种子的研究

该文介绍了一种作为森林种子的大规模增值的有效方法－－裸子植物体细胞胚胎发生和人工种子的研制。其内容包括：（１）胚性愈伤组织的诱导与保存；（２）影响体胚发生的因素；（３）体胚的发育与成熟；（４）大规模培养体胚；（５）成熟体胚的干化、包理与人工种子生产；（６）体胚的萌发和转换。最后对人工种子的应用前景进行了讨论。     

籼稻体细胞胚胎发生特异性蛋白质研究

以籼稻Oryza sativa L.subsp. indica品种“广陆矮4号”幼穗和种子为外植体，在含有2，4-D2.0mg/L的MS培养基上，分别形成胚性和非胚性愈伤组织，建立体细胞胚胎发生实验系统。应用Native/SDS双向凝胶电泳分析，结果表明，非胚性愈伤组织分化培养前后均存在一种分子量为45kD的非胚性蛋白质N1，另一种非胚性蛋白质N2（54kD）仅     

New aspects of soybean somatic embryogenesis

Somatic embryo formation from immature cotyledons was improved in the following ways: by cutting into sections, supplementing culture media with spermine and using solid/liquid/solid type of culture. Cut cotyledons of the eight genotypes examined expressed a higher ability for somatic embryogenesis than whole cotyledons. Of the three polyamines tested, spermine considerably stimulated and putrescine slightly inhibited induction of somatic embryos. The ability of embryoid formation on medium with spermidine depended on the genotype. The solid/liquid/solid type of culture was better than the continuous solid culture. The best nitrogen ion content for the subculture of somatic embryos was 10 mM NH₄NO₃ and 30 mM KNO₃. The possibility of using these modifications in Agrobacterium transformation is discussed.     

A comparison of the somaclonal variation level of Rosa hybrida L. cv Meirutral plants regenerated from callus or direct induction from different vegetative and embryonic tissues

Summary Flowering plants of Rosa hybrida L. cv Meirutral have been obtained either from direct regeneration of adventitious shoots on leaf and root fragments, or through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis on calli derived from anther, ovule, petal, sepal, receptacle, leaf, stem internode, root and zygotic embryo tissues. The calli derived from floral parts exhibited rhizogenesis. In this case direct induction of adventitious shoots from selected roots had to be performed in order to generate plants. A histological study of the morphogenetic calli was carried out. The plants regenerated directly and those regenerated from calli of leaf, stem internode, root and zygotic embryo tissues, together with reference plants propagated by cuttings, were compared on a phenotypic basis by taking into account petal number, form and colour, and plant growth habit. From these observations, it can be concluded that directly regenerated plants are as stable as reference plants while plants regenerated from callus are unstable, especially those derived from zygotic embryo tissues.Abbreviations BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - GA3 gibberellic acid - IAA 3-indole-acetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog - NAA 1-naphthalene acetic acid