瑞典北部地区林地使用权属冲突解决的磋商程序分析

瑞典北部林地为营林业和驯鹿业复合使用,2个行业的发展对对方都构成不利影响。文中描述了营林业和驯鹿业共同使用林地的情况以及存在的权属冲突表现形式与成因,分析了瑞典《森林法》规定的磋商程序及其操作与实施、双方对磋商程序的评价和磋商程序的改进方向,讨论了磋商程序在营林业和驯鹿业冲突缓解中的作用以及制度存在的失灵现象,并提出应进一步推动制度创新。     

论我国农村土地冲突的原因及其治理

现阶段,我国农村土地冲突大量出现,已经危害到经济发展和社会稳定.通过对引发我国农村土地冲突的七大类原因进行分析,理清了农村土地冲突的表现和原因,进而提出了调控农村土地冲突的具体措施,以此来降低此类事件对经济发展和社会稳定带来的危害.     

Ethical analysis: A structured approach to facilitate the resolution of forest conflicts

The complexity of natural resource conflicts is often due to the original issues becoming hidden amongst the differing perceptions of the situation. These perceptions are based on the interests, values and principles of those concerned. The resulting complexity makes resolution of the conflict extremely difficult. Ethical analysis (EA) is a tool that could lay the groundwork for resolution of complex natural resource conflicts. The fundamental task of EA is to map and understand the interests, values and principles of the conflicting parties, thereby presenting the conflict's core drivers. It attempts not to solve the problem but to help the parties to understand their own and other parties' values and interests; increasing awareness of the parties' principles, values and moral codes and of those of their opponents, which will make possible a shared perception of reality, vital for resolution. This self-reflection and improved mutual understanding encourages honesty in subsequent attempts at resolution; promoting trust in the other groups' commitment to resolving the conflict. In short, EA enables cutting through the myriad of perceptions to get to the heart of the conflict, and present it in a manner facilitating the next stage of the process, namely, resolution.     

Can computer models stimulate learning about sustainable land use? Experience with LUPAS in the humid (sub-)tropics of Asia

In many rice-cultivating regions of east and south-east Asia, competition for land and water resources is strong and increasing. This calls for exploration of future technology and policy options in support of sustainable land (and water) use. Sustainable land use is a complex issue, that involves uncertainties about the dynamics of the biophysical system and the social system, as well as multiple perspectives. The capacity to identify options for sustainable and equitable development depends on the acquisition of knowledge and skills for (a) holistic analysis of the biophysical system dynamics, (b) analysis of the multiple positions, perceptions, values, beliefs and interests of the relevant stakeholders, (c) contemplation of the action needed to fill the gap between the desired socio-technical system and the perceived real-world situation. Learning is contextual and gradual: historically, agricultural scientists have moved from a reductionist to a holistic hard system perspective, while now slowly embracing the interpretive system perspective.     

Tank Performance and Multiple Uses in Tamil Nadu, South India

Irrigation tanks in India are common property resources. Theland and water resources of tanks provide not only forirrigation, but also trees, fishing, domestic water supply,livestock, and a number of minor uses. Using empirical resultsfrom a study of tank performance from 80 tanks in Tamil Nadu,South India, this paper evaluates tank irrigation systemperformance both in terms of irrigation as well as irrigationand other multiple benefits. Ranking of tanks' performancechanges substantially, depending on which measure is used. Theresults indicate that taking other productive uses (excludingdomestic and livestock) into account, raises the total valueof output by approximately 13%, and increases the totalrevenue mobilized from tanks by 213%. Taking all revenue intoaccount tanks are not subsidized by the government, butcurrently fees are not channeled back to support tankoperations and maintenance.     

价值冲突与回归：高校体育教学评价问题研究*

体育教学评价是高校体育教学的重要环节，其决策性、客观性、有序性与多维性的特点决定了其对揭示高校体育教学的价值，提升高校体育教学的效果起到不可替代的作用。从价值角度分析，高校体育教学评价存在理念、内容、主体、功能四个层面的价值冲突，规避这些价值性冲突，必须基于以上四个层面进行改革，促进高校体育教学评价的价值回归。     

New challenges facing traditional nature reserves: Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) conservation in China

Traditional conservation strategies can effectively preserve biodiversity within nature reserves, but may fail to mitigate the conflicts between rural development and wildlife conservation. This paper discusses the magnitude of the conflict and its development over time, focusing on elephant conservation and land resource management within and around nature reserves. We suggest that regulations alone can satisfy neither the demands to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services nor the demands to achieve human welfare. More innovative tools such as informed land‐use planning and integrated conservation development projects are called for to reduce the agricultural interface with elephant range, and therefore to alleviate the damage caused by the conflict.     

论森林资源法上的权利与权利冲突

森林资源具有重要的经济价值、生态价值和文化价值,已经成为人们的共识并日益受到重视。基于森林资源已经形成了一个较为完善的法律体系。法律的核心是权利,森林法律规范设置了一组权利,形成森林资源法上的权利群,是森林资源法律制度的重心。如何妥善配置这组权利,适当处理它们之间的关系,尤其是协调好权利之间的冲突,既是森林资源法内部和谐性的需要,也是森林资源法保障森林资源可持续发展和利用的客观需要。     

Seed and wasp production in the mutualism of figs and fig wasps

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries(near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no competition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator‘s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps ineluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.     

城镇化背景下新生代农民工价值冲突分析——以杭州新生代农民工为例

通过对杭州新生代农民工价值冲突现状调查,从该群体所处的社会体制、价值取向、城乡二元结构等视角,解读城镇化进程中新生代农民工价值冲突产生的原因。