果实色度研究的原理及其在苹果上的应用

通过对果实色度的研究可以准确、快捷地获得果实的色度坐标,能对果实颜色有一个直接全面的了解。通过对不同部位红富士苹果色度的研究发现,不同部位的色度存在一定的差异,在树冠中部果实的色度品质较好,上部和下部较差。这种差别可能是由光照的差异引起的。     

不同干燥条件下麦芽色度与类黑精的关系研究

以‘甘啤4号’大麦为原料,对制麦过程中干燥工段的凋萎温度和焙焦温度进行了二因素三水平完全组合试验,结果表明,在凋萎温度不变的情况下,随着焙焦温度的升高,类黑精及麦芽色度含量均呈上升趋势;在焙焦温度不变的条件下,随着凋萎温度的提高,类黑精及麦芽色度含量也呈上升趋势.在凋萎温度48～52℃和焙焦温度78～82℃条件下麦芽色度与类黑精含量的回归方程为:y=1.7048x+0.0554,r为0.995,呈良好的线性相关.该数学模型可为啤酒及相关企业快速检测类黑精提供理论参考.     

铁炭微电解法、Fenton氧化法处理印染废水的效果比较

【目的】印染废水具有浓度高、色度高、成分复杂、难降解的特点,比较了铁炭微电解法和Fenton氧化法处理印染废水的效果。【方法】以取自陕西咸阳第二印染厂的综合废水为供试材料,通过单因素试验,分别对铁炭微电解法和Fenton氧化法处理印染废水的最佳条件进行了研究,并对二者的处理效果进行了比较。【结果】在处理印染废水时,铁炭微电解法的最佳反应条件为:停留时间30min,进水pH=3～4,铁炭体积比1∶1,此时色度去除率达到80%,COD去除率达到60%;Fenton氧化法的最佳反应条件为:pH=3,停留时间45min,H2O2和FeSO4用量分别为20,25mL/L,H2O2分3次加入,此条件下色度去除率达到79%,COD去除率达到80%。【结论】铁炭微电解法和Fenton氧化法对印染废水均有较好的处理效果,可考虑将两者联合运用,以进一步提高处理效果。     

基于小波的色度空间图像增强算法--以处理茶叶样本图像为例

茶叶的色泽是评定茶叶等级的一个重要指标。通过计算机分析茶叶样本图像的茶叶色泽,可以不受人为因素的干扰,客观评定茶叶等级。为此,介绍了色度空间与基于小波的图像增强算法,并将二者结合,用来分析茶叶色泽,评定茶叶等级。与传统方法比较,此方法在人眼视觉对亮度和颜色不同的敏感特性方面具有明显的优越性。     

套袋对阿克苏地区富士苹果品质的影响

【目的】研究套袋技术对阿克苏冰糖心苹果品质的影响,为省力简化(不套袋)栽培提供理论依据。【方法】选择三个具有代表性的阿克苏富士苹果生产种植区域,套袋技术下测定苹果外观及内在品质,对比分析套袋对果实品质的影响。【结果】在外观品质上,套袋对各区域果实的单果重、硬度、果形指数影响不大,红旗坡和共青团不套袋处理的可溶性固形物含量显著高于套袋,达到18.30%、17.27%,分别提高了19.5%和9.5%。套袋处理对三个区域苹果色度影响具有不同程度的差异变化,平均色差值为45,对照处理色差值普遍高于套袋处理。套袋处理可溶性总糖显著低于不套袋,沙河镇最高达到84.16 mg/g,高于套袋处理14.3%,两种处理果实VC含量差异显著,共青团农场的不套袋果实VC含量高达111.75 mg/kg,显著大于套袋处理43.17 mg/kg,高出61.37%。套袋对富士苹果可滴定酸含量影响差异不显著,均在0.3%左右。套袋处理对果实单宁含量呈现不同程度变化,其中沙河镇,单宁最高达到10.61 mg/g,相对于不套袋高出19.7%。【结论】套袋技术可增加苹果果实光洁度,降低可溶性固形物含量,各理化品质指标呈现不同程度变化差异。     

三种季铵盐防腐剂对木材尺寸稳定性和材色的影响

针对市售季铵盐及其改性产品处理后木材的增重率、吸湿性、尺寸稳定性、材色变化进行试验研究,结果显示:试样的增重率随季铵盐防腐剂浓度的增加而明显增大;不同的季铵盐防腐剂对试件的吸湿性有不同影响;季铵盐防腐剂处理后试样的体积变化不大;季铵盐防腐处理会使材色加深,防腐剂浓度越高材色变化越显著。     

高锰酸钾强化混凝处理荆州护城河污水试验研究

荆州护城河水目前已受到严重污染,严重影响周围居民生活和环境,急需进行治理。就该污水作了试验分析研究,根据具体问题提出用高锰酸钾与所筛选混凝剂复配强化处理荆州护城河污水。试验结果表明,高锰酸钾预处理能有效降低荆州护城河污水的浊度、色度、臭味以及有机污染物含量等,而且对后期投药的混凝效果起到强化作用。最终处理效果达到:去浊率100%、去色率100%、COD去除率83.46%,混凝效果很好。经正交试验得到了最佳配比关系。     

Fertilizer Concentration Affects Growth Response and Leaf Color of Tradescantia virginiana L.

ABSTRACT

A pot experiment was conducted out to investigate the yield and pungency of spring onion (Allium fistulosum L.) as affected by inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and addition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilizers. Plants were inoculated with either Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices or grown as uninoculated controls. Two levels of N and S were applied to the soil in factorial combinations of 50 and 250 mg N kg^?1 soil and 0 and 60 mg S kg^?1 soil. Plants were grown in a greenhouse for 25 weeks and then harvested. Mycorrhizal colonization resulted in increased shoot dry weight, shoot-to-root ratio, shoot length, sheath diameter, and phosphorus (P) concentrations. Shoot dry-matter yield was significantly affected by added N, but not by S. Shoot dry weight increased with increasing N supply (except for non-mycorrhizal controls without additional S fertilizer). Shoot total S concentration (TSC), enzyme-produced pyruvate (EPY), and organic sulfur concentration (OSC) in plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae were significantly lower than those of non-mycorrhizal controls, while these parameters in plants inoculated with Glomus intraradices were comparable to or higher than in the controls. Neither N nor S supply affected shoot EPY or OSC, whereas shoot TSC (except in plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae) and SO₄ ^2? concentrations were usually significantly increased by S supply. In soil of high S and low P availability, mycorrhizal colonization had a profound influence on both the yield and the pungency of spring onion.     

混凝Ⅰ-Fenton氧化-混凝Ⅱ-活性炭吸附处理马铃薯淀粉废水

采用混凝Ⅰ-Fenton氧化-混凝Ⅱ-活性炭吸附处理高浓度马铃薯淀粉废水,试验结果表明:混凝Ⅰ中,PAC和PAM的最佳投加量分别为1 000、10 mg/L; Fenton试剂中H2O2∶Fe2+最佳配比为5∶2(体积比),COD的去除量达到51.6 g/mol H2O2;混凝Ⅱ中PAC和PAM的最佳投加量分别为3 500,35 mg/L.经混凝Ⅰ-Fenton氧化-混凝Ⅱ-活性炭吸附工艺处理后的马铃薯废水,COD去除率达到99.1％,废水脱色率为100％,SS去除率为96.4％,出水达到《淀粉工业水污染物排放标准》中的浓度限值.可见该方法对高浓度马铃薯淀粉废水具有较好地处理效果.     

Cucumber fruit quality at harvest affected by soilless system,crop age and preharvest climatic conditions during two consecutive seasons

Cucumber fruits (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Trópico F1) grown on perlite substrate and NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) were harvested during two seasons (winter and spring) to monitor the effects of climatic conditions and hydroponic growth systems on fruit quality at harvest. The best fruit quality at harvest, as measured by lightness and hue angle parameters, was obtained during the 3 weeks following the first winter picking. When values of a parameter of preharvest climate value called G^* were lower than 0.4 MJ m⁻² °C day⁻¹ interval⁻¹, the cucumber achieved its optimum quality at harvest, as measured by the dark green color of the skin. NFT-grown fruits showed darker and greener skin color (higher hue angle and lower lightness) compared with perlite-grown fruit, irrespective of the season considered. During the winter season, the plant transpiration rate was 30% higher in perlite than in NFT culture, which correlates with higher differences in G^* and 40% additional yield in perlite. However, in spring G^* was not sensitive enough to discriminate between the two hydroponic systems. In general, fruit quality at harvest in spring was lower than during the winter, due to flesh whitening, higher longitudinal and equatorial calibers, and slightly higher pH, as well as worse epidermal color coordinates (ranging from the dark and dull green color typical of winter fruit to light and a vivid green-yellow color). During the spring season, NFT-grown fruit were less acid than perlite-grown fruit with no apparent correlation with the climatic conditions or fruit nutrition.