In-field calibration of a dielectric soil moisture meter designed for use in an access tube

Abstract. The in-field calibration of a dielectric probe to measure soil water content is described. The probe uses an access tube analogous to that of the neutron probe. The dielectric constant was measured at soil depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 100 cm. Cores of soil were then taken from the face of pits dug 30 cm from the access tube and their soil water contents determined by oven drying. The dielectric constant values measured by the probe were calibrated against water contents from these cores. We found that sensor depth needed to be included to achieve a good calibration model that explained 72% of the variance. It is argued that depth needs to be included because of artefacts introduced during the installation of the access tube.     

水土保持监测中SPOT5遥感图像几何精校正方法研究

为探索空间分辨率为2.5 m的SPOT5遥感图像用于水土保持监测的可行性,须进行遥感图像几何精校正。在理论分析遥感图像校正模型的基础上,通过实例计算,详细研究各种可能的几何精校正方法及实际精度状况。综合考虑几何位置变换精度、灰度重采样精度,确定适合水土保持监测的SPOT5遥感图像的几何精校正方法。     

稻谷颗粒模型离散元接触参数标定与试验

EDEM与FLUENT耦合模拟稻谷清选时,稻谷颗粒参数设置的准确性直接影响仿真结果的可信度。结合稻谷颗粒堆积角的实测试验与仿真试验,标定了稻谷颗粒模型间静摩擦系数、滚动摩擦系数2个主要接触参数。设计了堆积角形成装置,该装置采用坍塌法和注入法同时形成2种堆积角,可以减小非同时形成所引起的测量误差;创建了稻谷颗粒的离散元模型,结合堆积角的实测试验与仿真试验,建立了2个主要接触参数与2种堆积角之间的二元回归方程;以稻谷颗粒2种堆积角的实测结果作为目标值,对回归方程进行数值求解,得到颗粒模型间的静摩擦系数、滚动摩擦系数分别为0.433 6、0.161 5;设计了抛洒试验对标定后的参数进行验证,抛洒长度、宽度和近抛洒端堆积角等特征参数的实测结果与仿真结果的相对误差小于5.7%,这表明颗粒的模拟运动轨迹与实际运动轨迹基本一致,所创建的稻谷颗粒离散元模型及标定得到的接触参数可以为EDEM-FLUENT耦合仿真稻谷清选过程提供参考。     

基于离散元法玉米秸秆双层粘结模型力学特性研究

针对玉米秸秆外表皮与内穰力学特性存在显著差异问题,建立离散元玉米秸秆双层粘结双峰分布模型,通过力学试验与虚拟仿真试验对比,标定玉米秸秆外表皮和内穰力学参数,校正离散元模型,探究玉米秸秆力学特性.结果表明,采用离散元Hertz-Mindlin with bonding颗粒接触方法可建立玉米秸秆双层粘结双峰分布模型.完善DEM方法建立玉米秸秆颗粒粒度随机分布的双层粘结模型方法.通过力学试验得出青贮玉米秸秆外表皮弹性模量和剪切模量分别为982.52和387.58 MPa,青贮玉米秸秆内穰弹性模量和剪切模量分别为28.64和8.13 MPa,外表皮木质部与内穰纤维部力学特性差异显著.计算得出外表皮-外表皮、外表皮-内穰、内穰-内穰之间粘结参数.通过单轴压缩试验,剪切与虚拟仿真试验对比验证离散元模型可靠性.文章所建立玉米秸秆双层粘结双峰分布离散元模型表征两者力学特性差异,为青贮玉米饲料数值化研究提供理论依据.     

苜蓿秸秆压缩仿真离散元模型参数标定

为了提高苜蓿秸秆压缩过程中离散元仿真研究所用参数的准确度,该研究采用物理试验和仿真优化设计相结合的方法对离散元仿真参数进行标定。首先,以接触参数物理试验结果为仿真参数选择依据,利用Plackett-Burman试验对初始参数进行显著性筛选,方差分析结果表明,苜蓿秸秆-苜蓿秸秆静摩擦系数、苜蓿秸秆-苜蓿秸秆滚动摩擦系数、苜蓿秸秆-45钢静摩擦系数对仿真休止角影响显著。进一步以休止角的相对误差值为评价指标,对3个显著性参数进行最陡爬坡试验,优化显著性参数取值范围,并基于Box-Behnken试验建立休止角与显著性参数的二阶回归模型,以物理试验得到的38.88°休止角为目标值,对显著性参数进行寻优,得到最优组合:苜蓿秸秆-苜蓿秸秆静摩擦系数为0.45、苜蓿秸秆-苜蓿秸秆滚动摩擦系数为0.08、苜蓿秸秆-45钢的静摩擦系数为0.54。最后利用T检验得到P0.05,表明仿真休止角与物理试验值无显著性差异,验证了最优参数组合的可靠性。研究结果表明,应用上述各优化试验来标定离散元仿真参数是可行的,同时标定的参数可为苜蓿秸秆的其它仿真试验提供参考。     

近红外技术在牧草方面的应用

通过对近红外光谱法的基本原理、特点、近红外光谱仪的发展及其在国外牧草应用上的研究情况作一阐述,来推动近红外技术在我国牧草研究中的应用.     

面向冷链物流农产品品质感知的TTI动态校准方法

时间-温度指示器(TTI)是一种可以跟踪冷链物流温度历程的智能装置,可以指示相应的农产品品质。但现有的TTI匹配条件在一定程度上限制了TTI的应用范围,即使TTI满足了传统匹配条件的要求,但应用效果也会受到农产品采收品质波动的影响。通过使用反应动力学方程和等量线方法,在原有的匹配过程中引入了TTI的校准过程,并借此推导TTI匹配所需的基本条件,以及校准过程所需的参数。结果表明,TTI匹配性判断所需的基本条件仅为农产品品质与TTI的反应活化能相等,或两者等量线存在比例关系。在此前提下,利用公式推导或等量线的绘制过程,可以求得静态校准和动态校准时所需的相关参数,经过校准后的TTI即可与对应的食品完成匹配。校准过程的引入可以显著扩大TTI的适用范围。除此之外,动态校准模型还可以缩小处于变化中的TTI和农产品对应品质之间的差值,提高TTI指示货架期的精确性。最后,通过使用两种酶型TTI、两种不同激活条件的化学型TTI和玫瑰香葡萄进行验证实验,实验结果证明经过合理校正之后TTI的等量线普遍与玫瑰香葡萄的品质等量线更接近,对其指示效果精准。     

Evaluating Modified Atmospheric Correction Methods for Landsat Imagery: Image‐Based and Model‐Based Calibration Methods

Abstract

To increase the accuracy of remotely sensed data for agricultural forecasting, pixel values must be corrected for atmospheric effects and converted to spectral reflectance. The objective of this research was to compare two atmospheric correction methods of Landsat imagery under a range of atmospheric conditions. Ground‐based dark‐object subtraction (GDOS) is an image‐based calibration method that used in situ ground data that the dark‐object subtraction (DOS) method did not use, whereas atmospheric calibration (AC) is a model‐based calibration method that required a standard atmospheric profile refined with the use of in situ atmospheric data. GDOS and AC methods improved the reflectance values and had relationships with measured bands, which were approximately 1 to 1 in all bands. However, the GDOS generally had lower root‐mean‐square errors (RMSE) than AC. Data from this study suggest that at the present time the GDOS method may be more accurate than the AC method.     

YTG型双向体积管在计量检定中的应用

体积管是检定流量计的标准器。ＹＴＧ型双向体积管，其外型尺寸、主体结构、检定速度、日常管理等方面，均比单向体积管有明显的优点，并具有独特的容积补偿性，给体积管的管理、使用带来极大方便。介绍了ＹＴＧ型双向体积管的结构、技术指标及其优越性，并建议在条件允许的情况下，尽可能使用双向体积管。     

Predicting moisture content and density distribution of Scots pine by microwave scanning of sawn timber

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of calibrating a prediction model for the moisture content and density distribution of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) using microwave sensors. The material was initially of green moisture content and was thereafter dried in several steps to zero moisture content. At each step, all the pieces were weighed, scanned with a microwave sensor (Satimo 9,4GHz), and computed tomography (CT)-scanned with a medical CT scanner (Siemens Somatom AR.T.). The output variables from the microwave sensor were used as predictors, and CT images that correlated with known moisture content were used as response variables. Multivariate models to predict average moisture content and density were calibrated using the partial least squares (PLS) regression. The models for average moisture content and density were applied at the pixel level, and the distribution was visualized. The results show that it is possible to predict both moisture content distribution and density distribution with high accuracy using microwave sensors.